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Maharat M, Rahimlou M, Sioofi A, Sajjadi SF, Moosavian SP. Association of major dietary patterns with socioeconomic status, obesity, and contracting COVID-19 among Iranian adults. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1301634. [PMID: 38347959 PMCID: PMC10859857 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1301634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic clearly affected the lifestyle and dietary habits of millions of people worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of major dietary patterns with socioeconomic status, obesity, and contracting COVID-19. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using an online survey for data collection with a total of 1,187 participants (over the age of 18 years) who reported their sociodemographic details, anthropometric index (weight and height), and dietary intake. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between major dietary patterns and study outcomes. Results A total of 1,106 adults were included in the current analysis. We identified three major dietary patterns (plant-based, meat, and Western dietary patterns). The mean age of participants was significantly higher in the upper tertile of plant-based dietary patterns (DPs) compared to the first tertile, while it was lower in the top tertile of meat and Western DPs. The percentage of participants who lived in urban areas was significantly higher in the third tertile of meat DP than in the first tertile (p < 0.001). Moderate adherence to Western DP was significantly associated with increased odds of obesity (OR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.74). In addition, high adherence to Western DP was significantly related to increased odds of obesity after controlling for confounders. Subjects in the second tertile of the Western DP had higher odds (95% Cl: 1.04, 1.92) for COVID-19 infection than the first tertile. Conclusion This study showed that moderate and high adherence to a Western dietary pattern was associated with a higher risk of obesity and COVID-19 infection during the pandemic. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Maharat
- Department of Community Nutrition, Vice-Chancellery for Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Rahimlou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Sioofi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Forough Sajjadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Vice-Chancellery for Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian
- Department of Community Nutrition, Vice-Chancellery for Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Asbaghi O, Ashtary-Larky D, Mousa A, Rezaei Kelishadi M, Moosavian SP. The Effects of Soy Products on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:S2161-8313(22)00072-2. [PMID: 34591084 PMCID: PMC8970819 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that soy products may be beneficial for cardiometabolic health, but current evidence regarding their effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the impact of soy product consumption on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with T2DM. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched from inception to March 2021 using relevant keywords. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of soy product consumption on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with T2DM were included. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models and subgroup analysis was performed to explore variations by dose and baseline risk profile. A total of 22 trials with 867 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Soy product consumption led to a significant reduction in serum concentrations of triglycerides (TG) (WMD: -24.73 mg/dL; 95% CI: -37.49, -11.97), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -9.84 mg/dL; 95% CI: -15.07, -4.61), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (WMD: -6.94 mg/dL; 95% CI: -11.71, -2.17) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD: -1.27 mg/L; 95% CI: -2.39, -0.16). In contrast, soy products had no effect on high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) or body mass index (BMI) (all P ≥ 0.05). In subgroup analyses, there was a significant reduction in FBS after soy consumption in patients with elevated baseline FBS (>126 mg/dL) and in those who received higher doses of soy intake (>30 g/d). Moreover, soy products decreased SBP in patients with baseline hypertension (>135 mmHg). Our meta-analysis suggests that soy product consumption may improve cardiovascular parameters in patients with T2DM, particularly in individuals with poor baseline risk profiles. However, larger studies with longer durations and improved methodological quality are needed before firm conclusions can be reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Rezaei Kelishadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Bohórquez-Medina SL, Bohórquez-Medina AL, Benites Zapata VA, Ignacio-Cconchoy FL, Toro-Huamanchumo CJ, Bendezu-Quispe G, Pacheco-Mendoza J, Hernandez AV. Impact of spirulina supplementation on obesity-related metabolic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. NFS JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Effect of a dietary intervention with functional foods on LDL-C concentrations and lipoprotein subclasses in overweight subjects with hypercholesterolemia: Results of a controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:2527-2534. [PMID: 33932799 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global death. Hypercholesterolemia is among the main risk factors for developing cardiovascular events, and is highly prevalent in the Mexican population. The primary objective of the present work was to assess the effect of a dietary portfolio (DP) with functional foods containing dehydrated nopal, soy protein, chia seeds, inulin, and oats in LDL-C and TC concentrations of subjects with mild hypercholesterolemia. Also, we explored the changes in the profile of the lipoprotein subclasses measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). METHODS Sixty-two subjects (47 women, 15 men) with mild hypercholesterolemia (LDL-C, ≥130 ≤ 190 mg/dL, TC > 200 mg/dL) completed the randomized, parallel, controlled study. The dietary intervention was given in two stages. First, a dietary standardization stage with a low saturated fat diet (LSFD) which matched the habitual energy intake of the volunteers for 2-weeks, followed by 2.5 months of dietary intervention with a LSFD plus placebo (PL) or DP. RESULTS Subjects who consumed the LSFD + DP interventions had a significantly higher reduction of LDL-C (-18.05%, P = 0.003) and TC (-17.08%, P = 0.02) compared to volunteers who consumed an LSFD for the same period. Furthermore, the lipoprotein subclass profiling showed that the small low-density-lipoproteins, and the small high-density-lipoproteins significantly decreased (P = 0.04, P < 0.001, respectively), conveying a less atherogenic state. At the end of the study, 78% of the subjects who consumed LSFD + DP reduced their LDL-C below 160 mg/dL, and of these, 47% reduced it below 130 mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results obtained from this study, the inclusion of functional foods as part of the lifestyle modifications is recommended to treat mild hypercholesterolemia and reduce cardiovascular risk. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT04148976.
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Varkaneh Kord H, M. Tinsley G, O. Santos H, Zand H, Nazary A, Fatahi S, Mokhtari Z, Salehi-sahlabadi A, Tan SC, Rahmani J, Gaman MA, Sathian B, Sadeghi A, Hatami B, Soltanieh S, Aghamiri S, Bawadi H, Hekmatdoost A. The influence of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin and adiponectin levels in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:1811-1821. [PMID: 33158587 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wang X, Yang Q, Liao Q, Li M, Zhang P, Santos HO, Kord-Varkaneh H, Abshirini M. Effects of intermittent fasting diets on plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition 2020; 79-80:110974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Analysis of the intricate effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols on inflammatory pathways in health and disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111558. [PMID: 32640331 PMCID: PMC7335494 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, arthritis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and various infectious diseases; lately most notably COVID-19 have been in the front line of research worldwide. Although targeting different organs, these pathologies have common biochemical impairments - redox disparity and, prominently, dysregulation of the inflammatory pathways. Research data have shown that diet components like polyphenols, poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fibres as well as lifestyle (fasting, physical exercise) are important factors influencing signalling pathways with a significant potential to improve metabolic homeostasis and immune cells' functions. In the present manuscript we have reviewed scientific data from recent publications regarding the beneficial cellular and molecular effects induced by dietary plant products, mainly polyphenolic compounds and PUFAs, and summarize the clinical outcomes expected from these types of interventions, in a search for effective long-term approaches to improve the immune system response.
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Fatahi S, Nazary-Vannani A, Sohouli MH, Mokhtari Z, Kord-Varkaneh H, Moodi V, Tan SC, Low TY, Zanghelini F, Shidfar F. The effect of fasting and energy restricting diets on markers of glucose and insulin controls: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3383-3394. [PMID: 32744094 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1798350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Fatahi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nazary-Vannani
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mokhtari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition 12 Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Kord-Varkaneh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vihan Moodi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fernando Zanghelini
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Innovation Observatory, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kord-Varkaneh H, Nazary-Vannani A, Mokhtari Z, Salehi-sahlabadi A, Rahmani J, Clark CCT, Fatahi S, Zanghelini F, Hekmatdoost A, Okunade K, Mirmiran P. The Influence of Fasting and Energy Restricting Diets on Blood Pressure in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2020; 27:271-280. [DOI: 10.1007/s40292-020-00391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Meng H, Zhu L, Kord-Varkaneh H, O Santos H, Tinsley GM, Fu P. Effects of intermittent fasting and energy-restricted diets on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition 2020; 77:110801. [PMID: 32428841 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To the best of our knowledge, no systematic review and meta-analysis has evaluated the cholesterol-lowering effects of intermittent fasting (IF) and energy-restricted diets (ERD) compared with control groups. The aim of this review and meta-analysis was to summarize the effects of controlled clinical trials examining the influence of IF and ERD on lipid profiles. METHODS A systematic review of four independent databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar) was performed to identify clinical trials reporting the effects of IF or ERD, relative to non-diet controls, on lipid profiles in humans. A random-effects model, employing the method of DerSimonian and Laird, was used to evaluate effect sizes, and results were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity between studies was calculated using Higgins I2, with values ≥50% considered to represent high heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the influence of intervention type, baseline lipid concentrations, degree of energy deficit, sex, health status, and intervention duration. RESULTS For the outcomes of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triacylglycerols (TG), there were 34, 33, 35, and 33 studies meeting all inclusion criteria, respectively. Overall, results from the random-effects model indicated that IF and ERD interventions resulted significant changes in TC (WMD, -6.93 mg/dL; 95% CI, -10.18 to -3.67; P < 0.001; I2 = 78.2%), LDL-C (WMD, -6.16 mg/dL; 95% CI, -8.42 to -3.90; P ˂ 0.001; I2 = 52%), and TG concentrations (WMD, -6.46 mg/dL; 95% CI, -10.64 to -2.27; P = 0.002; I2 = 61%). HDL-C concentrations did not change significantly after IF or ERD (WMD, 0.50 mg/dL; 95% CI, -0.69 to 1.70; P = 0.411; I2 = 80%). Subgroup analyses indicated potentially differential effects between subgroups for one or more lipid parameters in the majority of analyses. CONCLUSIONS Relative to a non-diet control, IF and ERD are effective for the improvement of circulating TC, LDL-C, and TG concentrations, but have no meaningful effects on HDL-C concentration. These effects are influenced by several factors that may inform clinical practice and future research. The present results suggest that these dietary practices are a means of enhancing the lipid profile in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shadowless Hill Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hamed Kord-Varkaneh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Grant M Tinsley
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shadowless Hill Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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