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Qin H, Song Z, Zhao C, Li S, Ali A, Zheng W. miR-363-3p/PTEN is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism by genistein in HepG2 cells via ERβ. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 115:154839. [PMID: 37121060 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genistein (GEN) is one of the most well-known phytoestrogens identified in various legumes. Although increasing evidence shows GEN has a potential use in phytotherapy to regulate lipid metabolism, its therapeutic mechanisms have not yet been completely elucidated, especially epigenetic alterations of miRNAs to alleviate lipid accumulation in the liver remains unknown. PURPOSE To clarify how GEN modulates the miRNA profile in HepG2 cells and investigate molecular mechanisms of the modulated miRNA on regulating hepatic lipid metabolism. METHODS The miRNA microarray was performed to compare the miRNAs expression patterns, followed by determining principal miRNA and its target gene associated with hepatic lipid metabolism modulated by GEN. miR-363-3p mimics (mi) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-siRNA were transfected into HepG2 cells and GEN was further treated with the cells for 24 h RESULTS: GEN induced downregulation of miR-363-3p and upregulation of PTEN, which was a target mRNA of miR-363-3p. The miR-363-3p mi led to an upregulation of sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and its downstream lipid synthesis-related factors in HepG2 cells. In addition, the inhibition of PTEN led to an increase of lipogenesis, which was associated with the AKT/mTOR signal regulation. However, GEN treatment could abrogate the lipogenic effects of miR-363-3p mi or PTEN siRNA. The modulation was associated with estrogen receptor β (ERβ). CONCLUSION We discerned a new mechanism that GEN regulated hepatic lipid metabolism by inhibiting miR-363-3p, which could be mediated via ERβ and by targeting PTEN in HepG2 cells. Additionally, GEN reduced hepatic lipid accumulation by regulating PTEN-AKT/mTOR signal. It implicated a protective role of GEN by elucidating its epigenetic modification of the miRNA modulated by ERβ on improving hepatic lipid metabolism and provided novel evidence of the mechanism on targeting miR-363-3p/PTEN in treating hepatic lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qin
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Ziyu Song
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Sha Li
- Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 509 Wanjiali North Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, China
| | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Wenya Zheng
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
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Anti-Cancer Effects of Dietary Polyphenols via ROS-Mediated Pathway with Their Modulation of MicroRNAs. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123816. [PMID: 35744941 PMCID: PMC9227902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of coffee, tea, wine, curry, and soybeans has been linked to a lower risk of cancer in epidemiological studies. Several cell-based and animal studies have shown that dietary polyphenols like chlorogenic acid, curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, genistein, quercetin and resveratrol play a major role in these anticancer effects. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the anticancer effects of polyphenols. Depending on the cellular microenvironment, these polyphenols can exert double-faced actions as either an antioxidant or a prooxidant, and one of the representative anticancer mechanisms is a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mechanism. These polyphenols can also influence microRNA (miR) expression. In general, they can modulate the expression/activity of the constituent molecules in ROS-mediated anticancer pathways by increasing the expression of tumor-suppressive miRs and decreasing the expression of oncogenic miRs. Thus, miR modulation may enhance the anticancer effects of polyphenols through the ROS-mediated pathways in an additive or synergistic manner. More precise human clinical studies on the effects of dietary polyphenols on miR expression will provide convincing evidence of the preventive roles of dietary polyphenols in cancer and other diseases.
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G MS, Swetha M, Keerthana CK, Rayginia TP, Anto RJ. Cancer Chemoprevention: A Strategic Approach Using Phytochemicals. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:809308. [PMID: 35095521 PMCID: PMC8793885 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.809308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention approaches are aimed at preventing, delaying, or suppressing tumor incidence using synthetic or natural bioactive agents. Mechanistically, chemopreventive agents also aid in mitigating cancer development, either by impeding DNA damage or by blocking the division of premalignant cells with DNA damage. Several pre-clinical studies have substantiated the benefits of using various dietary components as chemopreventives in cancer therapy. The incessant rise in the number of cancer cases globally is an issue of major concern. The excessive toxicity and chemoresistance associated with conventional chemotherapies decrease the success rates of the existent chemotherapeutic regimen, which warrants the need for an efficient and safer alternative therapeutic approach. In this scenario, chemopreventive agents have been proven to be successful in protecting the high-risk populations from cancer, which further validates chemoprevention strategy as rational and promising. Clinical studies have shown the effectiveness of this approach in managing cancers of different origins. Phytochemicals, which constitute an appreciable proportion of currently used chemotherapeutic drugs, have been tested for their chemopreventive efficacy. This review primarily aims to highlight the efficacy of phytochemicals, currently being investigated globally as chemopreventives. The clinical relevance of chemoprevention, with special emphasis on the phytochemicals, curcumin, resveratrol, tryptanthrin, kaempferol, gingerol, emodin, quercetin genistein and epigallocatechingallate, which are potential candidates due to their ability to regulate multiple survival pathways without inducing toxicity, forms the crux of this review. The majority of these phytochemicals are polyphenols and flavanoids. We have analyzed how the key molecular targets of these chemopreventives potentially counteract the key drivers of chemoresistance, causing minimum toxicity to the body. An overview of the underlying mechanism of action of these phytochemicals in regulating the key players of cancer progression and tumor suppression is discussed in this review. A summary of the clinical trials on the important phytochemicals that emerge as chemopreventives is also incorporated. We elaborate on the pre-clinical and clinical observations, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, and molecular targets of some of these natural products. To summarize, the scope of this review comprises of the current status, limitations, and future directions of cancer chemoprevention, emphasizing the potency of phytochemicals as effective chemopreventives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Shankar G
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.,Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mundanattu Swetha
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - C K Keerthana
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Tennyson P Rayginia
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Ruby John Anto
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Boadi WY, Stevenson C, Johnson D, Mohamed MA. Flavonoids Reduce Lipid Peroxides and Increase Glutathione Levels in Pooled Human Liver Microsomes (HLMs). ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 11:283-295. [PMID: 36340955 PMCID: PMC9634994 DOI: 10.4236/abc.2021.116019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of each of the flavonoids; genistein (G), quercetin (Q) and kaempferol (K) at several doses on lipid peroxides (LP) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs) were investigated following the oxidative damage for 4, 6, 18 and 24 hr. HLMs (1 mg/ml) were exposed to each of the above flavonoids at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 μM and incubated for the respective times as previously stated. Our hypothesis was that HLMs exposed to the flavonoids for the respective exposure times can decrease LP and increase GSH in HLMs to better cope with the oxidative stress. The results of our studies indicate that each of the flavonoids significantly (p < 0.01) decreased LP compared to their respective controls. The highest decrease in LP was observed for K followed by Q and G. Significant increases (p < 0.01) in GSH were observed for the flavonoid doses tested with the highest levels observed for Q for the 24-hr. incubation. The findings suggest that the flavonoids modulate oxidative stress in HLMs by decreasing LP and such decreases in LPs may be due to the increasing and or the replenished levels of GSH in the said cells to better cope with the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Yaw Boadi
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, USA
| | - Camille Stevenson
- Departments of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, USA
| | - Dontrez Johnson
- Departments of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, USA
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Maiuolo J, Gliozzi M, Carresi C, Musolino V, Oppedisano F, Scarano F, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Macri R, Ruga S, Cardamone A, Coppoletta A, Mollace A, Cognetti F, Mollace V. Nutraceuticals and Cancer: Potential for Natural Polyphenols. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113834. [PMID: 34836091 PMCID: PMC8619660 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally, associated with multifactorial pathophysiological components. In particular, genetic mutations, infection or inflammation, unhealthy eating habits, exposition to radiation, work stress, and/or intake of toxins have been found to contribute to the development and progression of cancer disease states. Early detection of cancer and proper treatment have been found to enhance the chances of survival and healing, but the side effects of anticancer drugs still produce detrimental responses that counteract the benefits of treatment in terms of hospitalization and survival. Recently, several natural bioactive compounds were found to possess anticancer properties, capable of killing transformed or cancerous cells without being toxic to their normal counterparts. This effect occurs when natural products are associated with conventional treatments, thereby suggesting that nutraceutical supplementation may contribute to successful anticancer therapy. This review aims to discuss the current literature on four natural bioactive extracts mostly characterized by a specific polyphenolic profile. In particular, several activities have been reported to contribute to nutraceutical support in anticancer treatment: (1) inhibition of cell proliferation, (2) antioxidant activity, and (3) anti-inflammatory activity. On the other hand, owing to their attenuation of the toxic effect of current anticancer therapies, natural antioxidants may contribute to improving the compliance of patients undergoing anticancer treatment. Thus, nutraceutical supplementation, along with current anticancer drug treatment, may be considered for better responses and compliance in patients with cancer. It should be noted, however, that when data from studies with bioactive plant preparations are discussed, it is appropriate to ensure that experiments have been conducted in accordance with accepted pharmacological research practices so as not to disclose information that is only partially correct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macri
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Annarita Coppoletta
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Annachiara Mollace
- Medical Oncology 1, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Cognetti
- Medical Oncology 1, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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