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Santos RKF, Costa SSLD, Santos SHD, Rocha VDS, Silva AMDOE, Pires LV. Association between circulating micronutrient pattern, glycemic control, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biometals 2024; 37:527-537. [PMID: 38197982 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The circulating micronutrient pattern in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may impact glycemic control and insulin resistance; however, there is a scarcity of studies that have evaluated the circulating micronutrient pattern in the T2DM population. Therefore, our objective was to identify circulating micronutrient pattern and their association with markers of glycemic control and insulin resistance in individuals with T2DM. We developed a cross-sectional observational study involving adults with T2DM in Sergipe, Brazil. We assessed plasma levels of magnesium, zinc, calcium, potassium, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Additionally, also measured fasting glucose levels, the percentage of glycated hemoglobin (%HbA1c), and calculated the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Patterns of body reserve were established using principal component analysis and categorized into quartiles. Binary logistic regression models were employed. We evaluated 114 individuals (63.7% women), with a median age and body mass index of 49 years and 29.6 kg/m², respectively. Two circulating micronutrient patterns were identified, explaining 62.5% of the variance: Pattern 1 (positive contributions from magnesium, zinc, calcium, and potassium) and Pattern 2 (positive contributions from 25-hydroxyvitamin D and zinc, with a negative contribution from potassium). Lowest quartile for Pattern 1 and Pattern 2 exhibiting a 4.32-fold (p = 0.019) and 3.97-fold (p = 0.038) higher likelihood of increasing HOMA-IR and %HbA1c values, respectively, compared to the larger quartiles. However, no associations were found between these patterns and fasting glucose values. Lowest quartile for both patterns of micronutrients was associated with inadequate metabolic control in individuals with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramara Kadija Fonseca Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Samir Hipólito Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Mara de Oliveira E Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Avenida Marcelo Deda Chagas, S/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49107-230, Brazil
| | - Liliane Viana Pires
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Avenida Marcelo Deda Chagas, S/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49107-230, Brazil.
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