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Jankowski PJ, Sandage SJ, Captari LE, Crabtree SA, Choe EJ, Gerstenblith J. A practice-based study of relational virtues and alliance correspondence in psychodynamic psychotherapy. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:1323-1344. [PMID: 38408210 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment outcome monitoring typically emphasizes pathology. In contrast, we responded to the need to establish psychodynamic psychotherapy as evidence-based by modeling changes in gratitude and forgiveness. METHOD We utilized a practice-based research design involving non-manualized outpatient treatment. We employed a longitudinal mixture modeling approach to evaluate treatment effectiveness. We did so by testing the theorized role for relational virtues (i.e., gratitude, forgiveness) as signs of progress in psychodynamic treatment, with relational virtues referring to the application of character strengths to specific situations. We modeled clients' self-reported level on the virtues as a joint process over five time points, and examined the influence of early treatment alliance correspondence on patterns of change using a sample of outpatient clients (N = 185; Mage = 40.12; 60% female; 74.1% White). RESULTS A 3-class solution best fit the data, with one class exhibiting growth in gratitude and forgiveness, improved symptoms, and a greater likelihood of symptom improvement relative to well-being gains. Alliance correspondence predicted the classes of change patterns, with greater similarity between clinicians' and clients' perceptions about the alliance predicting greater likelihood of belonging to the subgroup showing highest levels of virtues and well-being, lowest symptoms, and improved well-being. CONCLUSION Clinical implications involve monitoring gratitude and forgiveness as signs of progress and navigating the dialectic between implicit alliance processes and explicit virtue interventions. The former involves nurturing a strong alliance and repairing ruptures, whereas the latter involves direct in-session conversation and/or the practice of virtue interventions in and/or outside of session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Jankowski
- The Albert and Jessie Danielsen Institute, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Bethel University, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steven J Sandage
- The Albert and Jessie Danielsen Institute, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura E Captari
- The Albert and Jessie Danielsen Institute, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah A Crabtree
- The Albert and Jessie Danielsen Institute, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elise J Choe
- The Albert and Jessie Danielsen Institute, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Moore JA, Roberson K, Sewell KM, Johns LD. Knowledge Mobilization in Clinical Supervision - An Autoethnographic Analysis of Creating the Clinical Supervision Connection Podcast. CLINICAL SUPERVISOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/07325223.2023.2183921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. Moore
- University at Albany, SUNY (State University of New York), Albany, New York
| | - Katheryn Roberson
- University at Albany, SUNY (State University of New York), Albany, New York
| | - Karen M. Sewell
- School of Social Work, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Lee MCY, Thackeray L. Relational processes and power dynamics in psychoanalytic group supervision: A discourse analysis. CLINICAL SUPERVISOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/07325223.2022.2164537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle CY Lee
- The Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
- Department of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lisa Thackeray
- The Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
- Child Attachment and Psychological Therapies Research Unit (Chaptre), London, UK
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Watkins CE. Conviction, commonality/context, and culture in psychoanalytic/psychodynamic supervision: My personal perspective. PSYCHODYNAMIC PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14753634.2022.2155562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Edward Watkins
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, USA
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Worthington EL, van Zyl LE. The Future of Evidence-Based Temperance Interventions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:707598. [PMID: 34484063 PMCID: PMC8414636 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive psychology has accumulated a large and ever-growing body of scientific knowledge about human strengths and virtues. However, research on positive psychology interventions (PPIs) to develop such is still in its infancy. In this brief position paper, we summarize the status of PPIs in one of the positive psychology's most important virtues: temperance. Temperance refers to the capacity to manage habits and protect against excess and is composed of forgiveness, humility, and (we include) patience. Specifically, we examine the current state-of-the-science in the conceptualization of temperance, explore the efficacy of temperance interventions, and reflect upon what the future may hold in this research domain. In this paper, we first highlight the challenges and opportunities for expanding the theoretical conceptualization of temperance and reflect upon the challenges in temperance-related PPIs. For each aspect of temperance, we propose a specific research agenda. Second, we explore what is needed for PPIs to promote temperance and how growth in temperance intervention research can be fostered. Generally, while forgiveness interventions are well established, we recommended that both humility and patience interventions need more viable evidence-based research on existing and new interventions. Third, we advanced several recommendations regarding how to promote more research in new interventions. These recommendations included attracting more funders to the area, developing new interventions, and employing new technology. Because intervention research in temperance is in its infancy, the future looks rosy for PPI researchers as we move into a second generation of positive psychology research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Llewellyn E. van Zyl
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University (VTC), Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
- Department of Human Resource Management, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Department of Social Psychology, Institut für Psychologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Watkins CE. Rupture and rupture repair in clinical supervision: some thoughts and steps along the way. CLINICAL SUPERVISOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07325223.2021.1890657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Edward Watkins
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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Watkins CE. The rise and reach of humility in clinical supervision: reactions to McMahon (2020), Jones and Branco (2020), Gutierrez et al. (2020), and Beinart (2020). CLINICAL SUPERVISOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/07325223.2020.1830459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Edward Watkins
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling McMahon
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Gutierrez D, Hiatt K, Lee A. Spiritually competent orientation in supervision: application of the cultural third. CLINICAL SUPERVISOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/07325223.2020.1824835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenson Hiatt
- School of Education, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Aiesha Lee
- School of Education, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
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Watkins CE. Relational humility and clinical supervision: on hypotheses, method, and measurement. CLINICAL SUPERVISOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/07325223.2020.1744056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Edward Watkins
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
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Psychotherapy Trainee Humility and Its Impact: Conceptual and Practical Considerations. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOTHERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10879-020-09454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Watkins CE, Hook JN, DeBlaere C, Davis DE, Van Tongeren DR, Owen J, Callahan JL. Humility, ruptures, and rupture repair in clinical supervision: a simple conceptual clarification and extension. CLINICAL SUPERVISOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07325223.2019.1624996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua N. Hook
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, USA
| | | | - Don E. Davis
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| | | | - Jesse Owen
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah C. Coaston
- Department of Counseling, Social Work, & Leadership, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, United States
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Overholser JC, Beale EE. And the Winner is… Awards for the Integration of Science and Practice in Psychology. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOTHERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10879-018-9402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Watkins CE, Hook JN, Mosher DK, Callahan JL. Humility in clinical supervision: Fundamental, foundational, and transformational. CLINICAL SUPERVISOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/07325223.2018.1487355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Edward Watkins
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States
| | - Joshua N. Hook
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States
| | - David K. Mosher
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Callahan
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States
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Watkins CE. On Principles of Educational Change and Principled Action in Psychotherapy Supervision. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOTHERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10879-016-9355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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