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Gao Y, Chen Z, Nakanishi H, Li Z. Highly Efficient Synthesis of Rare Sugars from Glycerol in Endotoxin-Free ClearColi by Fermentation. Foods 2023; 12:3078. [PMID: 37628077 PMCID: PMC10453619 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare sugars possess potential applications as low-calorie sweeteners, especially for anti-obesity and anti-diabetes. In this study, a fermentation biosystem based on the "DHAP-dependent aldolases strategy" was established for D-allulose and D-sorbose production from glycerol in endotoxin-free ClearColi BL21 (DE3). Several engineering strategies were adopted to enhance rare sugar production. Firstly, the combination of different plasmids for aldO, rhaD, and yqaB expression was optimized. Then, the artificially constructed ribosomal binding site (RBS) libraries of aldO, rhaD, and yqaB genes were assembled individually and combinatorially. In addition, a peroxidase was overexpressed to eliminate the damage or toxicity from hydrogen peroxide generated by alditol oxidase (AldO). Finally, stepwise improvements in rare sugar synthesis were elevated to 15.01 g/L with a high yield of 0.75 g/g glycerol in a 3 L fermenter. This research enables the effective production of rare sugars from raw glycerol in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Gao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hideki Nakanishi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Chen Z, Gao XD, Li Z. Recent Advances Regarding the Physiological Functions and Biosynthesis of D-Allulose. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:881037. [PMID: 35495640 PMCID: PMC9048046 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.881037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
D-Allulose, a generally regarded as safe (GRAS) sugar, is rare in nature. It is among the most promising sweeteners for future use due to its low caloric content, sucrose-like taste, and unique functions. D-Allulose has many physiological effects, such as antiobesity, antihyperglycemia, antidiabetes, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. Therefore, D-allulose has important application value in the food, pharmaceutical, and healthcare industries. However, the high cost of D-allulose production limits its large-scale application. Currently, biotransformation is very attractive for D-allulose synthesis, with the two main methods of biosynthesis being the Izumoring strategy and the DHAP-dependent aldolase strategy. This article reviews recent advances regarding the physiological functions and biosynthesis of D-allulose. In addition, future perspectives on the production of D-allulose are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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3
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Cai L. Meet the Editorial Board Member. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x19666220104233003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Cai
- Department of Chemistry
University of South Carolina Lancaster
Lancaster, SC 29720
USA
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Li Z, Li F, Cai L, Chen Z, Qin L, Gao XD. One-Pot Multienzyme Synthesis of Rare Ketoses from Glycerol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1347-1353. [PMID: 31961681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A facile approach is introduced here for the synthesis of rare ketoses from glycerol and d-/l-glyceraldehyde (d-/l-GA). The reactions were carried out in a one-pot multienzyme fashion in which the only carbon source is glycerol. In the enzymatic cascade, glycerol is phosphorylated and then oxidized at C2 to afford dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), the key donor for enzymatic aldol reaction. Meanwhile, the primary alcohol of glycerol is also oxidized to give the acceptor molecule GA in situ (d- or l-isomer could be formed stereospecifically with either alditol oxidase or horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase). Different DHAP-dependent aldolases were used to generate the aldol adducts (rare ketohexose phosphates) with various stereoconfigurations and diastereomeric ratios. It is worth noting that the enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation reaction in the first step could also help recycle the phosphate in the last step to provide free rare sugar molecules. This study provides a useful method for rare ketose synthesis on a 100 mg to g scale, starting from relatively inexpensive materials which solved the problem of supplying both glycerol 3-phosphate and GA in our previous work. It also demonstrates an example of green synthesis due to highly efficient carbon usage and recycling of cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Carolina Lancaster , 476 Hubbard Dr , Lancaster , South Carolina 29720 , United States
| | - Zhou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
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Chen Z, Li Z, Li F, Wang M, Wang N, Gao XD. Cascade synthesis of rare ketoses by whole cells based on L-rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 133:109456. [PMID: 31874684 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)-dependent aldolases demonstrate important values in the production of rare ketoses due to their unique stereoselectivities. As a specific example, we developed an efficient Escherichia coli whole-cell biocatalytic cascade system in which rare ketoses were produced from abundant glycerol and catalyzed by four enzymes based on L-rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase (RhaD). For the semicontinuous bioconversion in which D-glyceraldehyde was continuously added, once D-glyceraldehyde was consumed, the final yields of D-sorbose and D-psicose were 15.30 g/L and 6.35 g/L, respectively. Moreover, the maximum conversion rate and productivity of D-sorbose and D-psicose were 99% and 1.11 g/L/h at 8 h, respectively. When L-glyceraldehyde was used instead of the D-isomer, the final yield of L-fructose was 16.80 g/L. Furthermore, the maximum conversion rate and productivity of L-fructose were 95% and 1.08 g/L/h at 8 h, respectively. This synthetic platform was also compatible with other various aldehydes, which allowed the production of many other high-value chemicals from glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Zijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.
| | - Fen Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Mayan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.
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Li A, Cai L, Chen Z, Wang M, Wang N, Nakanishi H, Gao XD, Li Z. Recent advances in the synthesis of rare sugars using DHAP-dependent aldolases. Carbohydr Res 2017; 452:108-115. [PMID: 29096183 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence rates of non-communicable diseases like obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidemia have increased remarkably due to excessive consumption of a high-energy diet. Rare sugars therefore have become increasingly attractive owing to their unique nutritional properties. In the past two decades, various rare sugars have been successfully prepared guided by the "Izumoring strategy". As a valuable complement to the Izumoring approach, the controllable dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)-dependent aldolases have generally predictable regio- and stereoselectivity, which makes them powerful tools in C-C bond construction and rare sugar production. However, the main disadvantage for this group of aldolases is their strict substrate specificity toward the donor molecule DHAP, a very expensive and relatively unstable compound. Among the current methods involving DHAP, the one that couples DHAP production from inexpensive starting materials (for instance, glycerol, DL-glycerol 3-phosphate, dihydroxyacetone, and glucose) with aldol condensation appears to be the most promising. This review thus focuses on recent advances in the application of L-rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase (RhaD), L-fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase (FucA), and D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FruA) for rare sugar synthesis in vitro and in vivo, while illustrating strategies for supplying DHAP in efficient and economical ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Carolina Lancaster, 476 Hubbard Drive, Lancaster, SC, 29720, USA
| | - Zhou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Mayan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hideki Nakanishi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Zijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Zhang W, Li H, Jiang B, Zhang T, Mu W. Production of d-allulose from d-glucose by Escherichia coli transformant cells co-expressing d-glucose isomerase and d-psicose 3-epimerase genes. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:3420-3426. [PMID: 28009059 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND d-Allulose is a novel and low-calorie rare monosaccharide that is a C-3 epimer of d-fructose. Because of its excellent physiological properties and commercial potential, d-allulose has attracted researchers' interests. Based on the Izumoring strategy, d-allulose is converted from d-fructose by d-psicose 3-epimerase (DPEase), while d-fructose is converted from d-glucose by d-glucose isomerase (GIase). In this study, we created a cellular system capable of converting d-glucose to d-allulose in a one-step process that co-expressed the GIase from Acidothermus cellulolyticus and the DPEase from Dorea sp. CAG. RESULTS The co-expression plasmid pETDuet-Dosp-DPE/Acce-GI was generated and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells. The recombinant co-expression cells exhibited maximum catalytic activity at pH 6.5 and 75 °C. These cells were thermostable at less than 60 °C. The addition of Co2+ significantly increased the catalytic activity by 10.8-fold. When the reaction equilibrium was reached, the ratio of d-glucose, d-fructose and d-allulose was approximately 6.5:7:3, respectively. CONCLUSION A recombinant co-expression strain that catalysed the bioconversion of d-allulose from d-glucose in a one-step process was created and characterised. When adding 500 g L-1 d-glucose as a substrate, 204.3 g L-1 d-fructose and 89.1 g L-1 d-allulose were produced. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Liu Z, Yoshihara A, Jenkinson SF, Wormald MR, Estévez RJ, Fleet GWJ, Izumori K. Triacetonide of Glucoheptonic Acid in the Scalable Syntheses of d-Gulose, 6-Deoxy-d-gulose, l-Glucose, 6-Deoxy-l-glucose, and Related Sugars. Org Lett 2016; 18:4112-5. [PMID: 27487167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ease of separation of petrol-soluble acetonides derived from the triacetonide of methyl glucoheptonate allows scalable syntheses of rare sugars containing the l-gluco or d-gulo structural motif with any oxidation level at the C6 or C1 position of the hexose, usually without chromatography: meso-d-glycero-d-guloheptitol available in two steps is an ideal entry point for the study of the biotechnological production of heptoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilei Liu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.,Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Akihide Yoshihara
- International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education, Kagawa University , Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Sarah F Jenkinson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Mark R Wormald
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Ramón J Estévez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - George W J Fleet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Ken Izumori
- International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education, Kagawa University , Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
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