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McCourt RO, Studer A. Bis(arylsulfonyl) Peroxide-Mediated Difunctionalization of Cyclic Enol Ethers. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1860-1864. [PMID: 36695532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A bis(arylsulfonyl) peroxide-mediated 1,2-difunctionalization of cyclic enol ethers is reported. Bis(nosyl) peroxide selectively sulfonylates the 3-position of enol ethers, generating an oxocarbenium ion that is trapped by a carboxylic acid nucleophile at the 2-position. The reaction proceeds in a good yield and tolerates a variety of cyclic enol ethers, including glycals as well as various carboxylic acids, which act as the oxocarbeium ion trapping reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruairí O McCourt
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
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2
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Protecting group migrations in carbohydrate chemistry. Carbohydr Res 2020; 497:108151. [PMID: 32977215 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protecting groups are valuable in chemo- and regioselective synthetic manipulations. In particular, they are indispensable in carbohydrate chemistry. Although a wide array of protecting groups are available at the disposal of carbohydrate chemists, their stability and orthogonality make the choice of protecting groups challenging. Another important factor is the migratory aptitude of different protecting groups used in carbohydrate chemistry. Migration of commonly used groups like silyl, acetal and acyl groups under various reaction conditions are discussed. Synthetic application of predicted migrations, alternate protecting groups to avoid migration and conditions favoring and disfavoring migrations are discussed in this review.
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3
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Clarke Z, Barnes E, Prichard KL, Mares LJ, Clegg JK, McCluskey A, Houston TA, Simone MI. The crystal structures of 3- O-benzyl-1,2- O-iso-propyl-idene-5- O-methane-sulfonyl-6- O-tri-phenyl-methyl-α-d-gluco-furan-ose and its azide displacement product. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2018; 74:862-867. [PMID: 29951246 PMCID: PMC6002814 DOI: 10.1107/s205698901800765x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of different leaving groups on the substitution versus elimination outcomes with C-5 d-glucose derivatives was investigated. The stereochemical configurations of 3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-iso-propyl-idene-5-O-methane-sulfonyl-6-O-tri-phenyl-methyl-α-d-gluco-furan-ose, C36H38O8S (3) [systematic name: 1-[(3aR,5R,6S,6aR)-6-benz-yloxy-2,2-di-methyl-tetra-hydro-furo[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-2-(trit-yloxy)ethyl methane-sulfonate], a stable inter-mediate, and 5-azido-3-O-benzyl-5-de-oxy-1,2-O-iso-propyl-idene-6-O-tri-phenyl-methyl-β-l-ido-furan-ose, C35H35N3O5 (4) [systematic name: (3aR,5S,6S,6aR)-5-[1-azido-2-(trit-yloxy)eth-yl]-6-benz-yloxy-2,2-di-methyl-tetra-hydro-furo[2,3-d][1,3]dioxole], a substitution product, were examined and the inversion of configuration for the azido group on C-5 in 4 was confirmed. The absolute structures of the mol-ecules in the crystals of both compounds were confirmed by resonant scattering. In the crystal of 3, neighbouring mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the b-axis direction. The chains are linked by C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming layers parallel to the ab plane. In the crystal of 4, mol-ecules are also linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming this time helices along the a-axis direction. The helices are linked by a number of C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming a supra-molecular framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane Clarke
- Discipline of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Juniata College, Department of Chemistry, 1700 Moore Street, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, PA16652-2196, USA
| | - Evan Barnes
- Discipline of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kate L. Prichard
- Discipline of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Laura J. Mares
- Discipline of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jack K. Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Discipline of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Todd A. Houston
- Institute for Glycomics and The School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Michela I. Simone
- Discipline of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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4
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Hale KJ, Hough L, Manaviazar S, Calabrese A. Rules and Stereoelectronic Guidelines for the Anionic Nucleophilic Displacement of Furanoside and Furanose O-Sulfonates. Org Lett 2015; 17:1738-41. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl J. Hale
- The School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and the Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), the Queen’s University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Leslie Hough
- The School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and the Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), the Queen’s University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Soraya Manaviazar
- The School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and the Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), the Queen’s University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Calabrese
- The School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and the Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), the Queen’s University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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5
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Petráková E, Yeh HJC, Kováĉ P, Glaudemans CPJ. Two Methyl Tri-O-benzoyl-hex-enopyranosides Are Amongst the Products of the Reaction of Methyl 2,3,6-Tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranoside with Dimethylaminosulfur Trifluoride (DAST). J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309208018003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Petráková
- a NIDDK, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, 20892, U.S.A
| | - Herman J. C. Yeh
- a NIDDK, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, 20892, U.S.A
| | - Pavol Kováĉ
- a NIDDK, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, 20892, U.S.A
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6
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Gadthula S, Chu CK, Schinazi RF. Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of beta-D-3'-azido-2',3'-unsaturated nucleosides and beta-D-3'-azido-3'-deoxyribofuranosylnucleosides. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2006; 24:1707-27. [PMID: 16438043 DOI: 10.1080/15257770500267170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) and 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (d4T) as potent and selective inhibitors of the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), there has been a growing interest for the synthesis of 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'dideoxynucleosides with electron withdrawing groups on the sugar moiety. Here we described an efficient method for the synthesis of such nucleoside analogs bearing structural features of both AZT and d4T The key intermediate, 3-azido-1,2-bis-O-acetyl-5-O-benzoyl-3-deoxy-D-ribofuranose, 5 was synthesized from commercially available D-xylose in five steps, from which a series of pyrimidine and purine nucleosides were synthesized in high yields. The resultant protected nucleosides were converted to target nucleosides using appropriate chemical modifications. The final nucleosides were evaluated as potential anti-HIV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Gadthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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7
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Poirot E, Chang AH, Horton D, Kovác P. Synthetic explorations towards 3-deoxy-3-fluoro derivatives of D-perosamine. Carbohydr Res 2001; 334:195-205. [PMID: 11513826 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(01)00188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Based on a literature precedent, preparation of methyl 4-azido-3,4,6-trideoxy-3-fluoro-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (18) was attempted via fluorination of methyl 4-azido-2-O-benzyl-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-altropyranoside with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST). Contrary to expectations, the reaction took place with retention of configuration at the site of the fluorination yielding methyl 4-azido-2-O-benzyl-3,4,6-trideoxy-3-fluoro-alpha-D-altropyranoside. Treatment with DAST of methyl 4-azido-2-O-benzyl-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-allopyranoside (8), or its 2-(p-methoxybenzyl) analog 9 resulted in fluorination with inversion of configuration at position 3, to give the corresponding 3-deoxy-3-fluoro glucopyranosides 10 and 11, respectively. Accordingly, compound 18 was prepared from 11, by de-p-methoxybenzylation at O-2, followed by inversion of configuration at C-2 in the resulting methyl 4-azido-3,4,6-trideoxy-3-fluoro-alpha-D-glucopyranoside. The 2-O-methyl analog of 18 (19) was prepared by methylation of 18. Compounds 18 and 19 were converted, conventionally, into the 3-fluoro analogs of the terminal determinants of the O-PS of Vibrio cholerae O:1, serotype Inaba and Ogawa, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Poirot
- National Institutes of Health, NIDDK, LMC, Building 8, Room B1A24, Bethesda, MD 20892-0815, USA
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8
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Rearrangements in the Course of Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-44422-x_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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9
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Abstract
Results obtained over the past decade concerning the introduction of the fluorine atom into carbohydrate molecules, either by nucleophilic substitution or electrophilic addition reactions, are summarised. The first section mainly deals with the triflate/fluoride tandem sequence and the DAST-reaction. In the discussion, emphasis is given to the dependency of the reaction course on the stereochemical and protecting group features. Possible reaction pathways are direct substitution (with inversion or retention of configuration), rearrangement (combined with substitution and inversion of configuration at both of the centres involved) and elimination. Based on the assumption of cyclic transition states or transient intermediates (formed through participation of neighbouring groups), far-reaching mechanistic generalisations were made. On this basis, isolated examples from the literature, which are not in accordance with these generalisations, are specifically brought to attention. Results from the recently introduced reaction of safe and easy to handle N-F fluorinating agents with glycals are also reported. This approach allows the simple and stereoselective access to a series of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro aldopyranoses, as well as the synthesis of various C-1-substituted derivatives by an easy one-pot reaction. However, the same method applied to furanoid glycals is rather poor with respect to stereoselectivity. Finally, considerations on the importance of fluorine-specific reactions of the S(N)-type in related fields of organic synthesis are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dax
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Graz, Austria.
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10
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Ando T, Ishida H, Kiso M, Hasegawa A. Fluorination of methyl 6-deoxy-1-thiohexopyranosides with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST), and the formation of unexpected products. Carbohydr Res 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(93)84076-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Lloyd A, Coe P, Walker R, Howarth O. Some intramolecular rearrangements when pentofuranoses are treated with diethylaminosulphur trifluoride (DAST). J Fluor Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(00)80038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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13
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Stereoselective synthesis of nucleosides by metallocene-promoted activation of glycosyl fluorides. Tetrahedron Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)91869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Pavliak V, Kovác P. A short synthesis of 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-beta-D- glucopyranose and the corresponding alpha-glucosyl chloride from D-mannose. Carbohydr Res 1991; 210:333-7. [PMID: 1878884 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(91)80134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Pavliak
- NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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15
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Venkiah J, Cornille F, Deshayes C, Doutheau A. Stereospecific 1,2 migration reactions during fluorination of 2-methoxy-2-methoxycarbonyl-3-hydroxytetrahydropyrans and the corresponding triflates. J Fluor Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(00)80378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tsuchiya
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Kawasaki, Japan
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17
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Kihlberg J, Frejd T, Jansson K, Magnusson G. Unexpected formation of the 3,6-anhydro and 6-O-methyl-1-fluoro derivatives of galabiose on attempted substitution of HO-6 by fluorine in methyl 4-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (methyl beta-D-galabioside). Carbohydr Res 1988; 176:287-94. [PMID: 3416322 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(88)80139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Kihlberg
- Chemical Center, Lund Institute of Technology, Sweden
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18
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