The Prognostic Significance of IGF-1R and the Predictive Risk Value of Circulating IGF-1 in Tunisian Patients with Laryngeal Carcinoma

Evaluation of Triglyceride-Glucose Index Elevation as a Biomarker and Risk Factor in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

OBJECTIVES

Insulin resistance is associated with increased levels of IGF-1. IGF-1 has been shown to increase the risk of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) is a marker of insulin resistance. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING

Two tertiary care academic hospitals.

METHODS

The study included 53 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (Group 1) and 48 healthy volunteers (Group 2). Laryngeal cancer patients were divided into two groups according to their stage. Stages I and II were named Group 1A, and Stages III and IV were called Group 1B. The TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting Triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2]. The effect of the TyG index on laryngeal cancer was investigated on the parameters of sex, age, body mass index, and stage of the disease.

RESULTS

There were no significant differences in age, sex, and BMI between the groups. The TyG index of group 1 (4.75 ± 0.33) was significantly higher than that of group 2 (4.59 ± 0.15). The TyG index value of group 1B (4.84 ± 0.31) was significantly higher than both group 1A (4.61 ± 0.32) and group 2 (4.59 ± 0.15). There was no significant difference between the TyG index values of group 1A (4.61 ± 0.32) and group 2 (4.59 ± 0.15).

CONCLUSION

The TyG index may be a promising laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma biomarker. People with a higher TyG index may have a higher incidence of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and a higher risk of progression.

Circulating levels of FoxP3, M2 (sCD163) and IGF-1 as potential biomarkers associated with Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Tunisian patients

We aim to assess the clinical impact of circulating levels of sCD163, FoxP3, IGF-1 in LSCC patients (Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma). The concentrations of sCD163, FoxP3, and IGF-1 were measured using ELISA test in the serum samples collected from 70 pretreatment LSCC patients and 70 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA to compare the two groups, and the correlation between markers and clinical parameters. Receiver-Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to determine the optimal cutoff values and evaluate the diagnostic impact of these markers. Significant differences in the levels of sCD163, FoxP3, and IGF-1 were observed between LSCC patients and the control group, with respective p-values of 0.01, 0.022, <0.0001. The determined cutoff values for sCD163, FoxP3, IGF-1 concentrations were 314.55 ng/mL, 1.69 ng/mL, and 1.69 ng/mL, respectively. The corresponding area under the curve (AUC) values were 0.67 (95% CI: 0.57-0.76), 0.70 (95% CI: 0.61-0.80), 0.84 (95% CI: 0.76-0.92), respectively. Furthermore, it was found that IGF-1 concentrations exceeding 125.20 ng/mL were positively correlated with lymph node metastasis. Elevated serum levels of sCD163, FoxP3 and IGF-1 are associated with the diagnosis of LSCC. IGF-1 appears to be the most promising indicator for the LSCC progression.

Circ_0005033 is an oncogene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and regulates cell progression and Cisplatin sensitivity via miR-107/IGF1R axis

Transcriptome expression profiles of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) are altered, and we aimed to investigate expression and role of hsa_circ_0005033 (circ_0005033), microRNA (miR)-107 and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) in LSCC. Real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry detected RNA and protein expression levels. Functional assays were performed using MTT assay, EdU assay, apoptosis assay, flow cytometry, Transwell assay, and xenograft tumor model. Direct interaction was predicted by Starbase algorithm and validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. Expression of circ_0005033 was substantially upregulated in LSCC tissues and cells, and allied with miR-107 downregulation and IGF1R upregulation. Circ_0005033 showed a closed-loop structure and long half-life. Essentially, circ_0005033 and IGF1R were competing endogenous RNAs for miR-107 via target binding. Silencing circ_0005033 facilitated apoptosis rate and lowered cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion of LSCC cells, as well as delayed xenograft tumor growth. Allied with that, cleaved-caspase 3/8/9 expression was elevated via death receptor-mediated and mitochondrial pathways, and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), MMP9, cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen was decreased. Moreover, Cisplatin-induced inhibition of cell viability was exacerbated by inhibiting circ_0005033. These functional effects of circ_0005033 depression were consistent with those of miR-107 overexpression. Furthermore, depleting miR-107 and restoring IGF1R abated the effects of circ_0005033 knockdown and miR-107 overexpression, respectively. Circ_0005033 was oncogenic in LSCC by regulating cell progression and Cisplatin sensitivity at least via miR-107/IGF1R axis.

Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Potential Molecular Mechanism and Prognostic Signature Based on Immune-Related Genes

BACKGROUND Immune-related genes (IRGs) are closely related to the incidence and progression of tumors, potentially indicating that IRGs play an important role in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS An RNA sequencing dataset containing 123 samples was collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Based on immune-related differentially expressed genes (IRDEGs), a potential molecular mechanism of LSCC was explored through analysis of information in the Gene Ontology (GO) resource and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interactions (PPIs). A regulatory network of transcriptional regulators and IRDEGs was constructed to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of LSCC at the upstream level. Candidates from IRDEGs for signature were screened via univariate Cox analysis and using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) technique. The IRDEG signature of LSCC was constructed by using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS GO and KEGG analysis showed that IRDEGs may participate in the progression of LSCC through immune-related reactions. PPI analysis demonstrated that, among the IRDEGs in LSCC, the Kininogen 1; C-X-X motif chemokine ligand 10; elastase, neutrophil expressed; and LYZ genes are hub genes in the development of LSCC. At the upstream level, SPI1, SP140, signal transducer and activator of transcription 4, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox, and Ikaros family zinc finger 2 are the hub transcriptional regulators of IRDEGs. The risk score based on the IRDEG signature was able to distinguish prognosis in patients with LSCC and represents an independent prognostic risk factor for LSCC. CONCLUSIONS From the perspective of IRGs, we first constructed an IRDEG signature related to the prognosis of LSCC, which can be used as a novel marker to predict prognosis in patients with LSCC.