1
|
Pareek A, Soni V, Sopory SK, Khurana JP, Sowjanya Sree K, Tyagi AK, Narsimhan S, Govindjee G. Satish Chandra Maheshwari (1933-2019)-a brilliant, passionate and an outstanding shining light for all of plant biology. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1087-1098. [PMID: 32549674 PMCID: PMC7266906 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present here a tribute to Satish Chandra Maheshwari (known to many as SCM, or simply Satish), one of the greatest plant biologists of our time. He was born on October 4, 1933, in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, and passed away in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on June 12, 2019. He is survived by two of his younger sisters (Sushila Narsimhan and Saubhagya Agrawal), a large number of friends and students from around the world. He has not only been the discoverer of pollen haploids in plants but has also contributed immensely to the field of duckweed research and gene regulation. In addition, he has made discoveries in the area of phytochrome research. The scientific community will always remember him as an extremely dedicated teacher and a passionate researcher; and for his wonderful contributions in the field of Plant Biology. See Sopory and Maheshwari (2001) for a perspective on the beginnings of Plant Molecular Biology in India; and see Raghuram (2002a, b) for the growth and contributions of this field in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Vineet Soni
- Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001 India
| | - Sudhir K. Sopory
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Jitendra P. Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - K. Sowjanya Sree
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye, 671320 India
| | - Akhilesh K. Tyagi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Sushila Narsimhan
- Department of East Asian Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007 India
| | - Govindjee Govindjee
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, 110067 India
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry and The Center of Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ali S, Kim WC. A Fruitful Decade Using Synthetic Promoters in the Improvement of Transgenic Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1433. [PMID: 31737027 PMCID: PMC6838210 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Advances in plant biotechnology provide various means to improve crop productivity and greatly contributing to sustainable agriculture. A significant advance in plant biotechnology has been the availability of novel synthetic promoters for precise spatial and temporal control of transgene expression. In this article, we review the development of various synthetic promotors and the rise of their use over the last several decades for regulating the transcription of various transgenes. Similarly, we provided a brief description of the structure and scope of synthetic promoters and the engineering of their cis-regulatory elements for different targets. Moreover, the functional characteristics of different synthetic promoters, their modes of regulating the expression of candidate genes in response to different conditions, and the resulting plant trait improvements reported in the past decade are discussed.
Collapse
|
3
|
Genetic transformation of indica rice varieties involving Am-SOD gene for improved abiotic stress tolerance. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 26:294-300. [PMID: 31485168 PMCID: PMC6717096 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation has become an important tool in crops for molecular breeding. Am-SOD quality containing transgenic plants were created from embryogenic calli of Sambha mahsuri and cotton sannalu by Agrobacterium tumifaciens co-development. The superoxide desmutase quality was housed responsible for CaMV 355 promoter and Nos polyadenylation motion in double vector pCAMBIA 1301. Good change productivity was gotten. Mix of quality at genome level in the plants was exhibited by PCR examination and Southern smear, and furthermore delineated by a few physiological studies.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sperb F, Werlang ICR, Margis-Pinheiro M, Basso LA, Santos DS, Pasquali G. Molecular cloning and transgenic expression of a synthetic human erythropoietin gene in tobacco. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:652-65. [PMID: 21590305 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone belonging to a group of hematopoietic growth factors that control the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow cells. It induces the production of erythrocytes, thereby increasing the amount of circulating hemoglobin and oxygen. Previous attempts to transgenically express human EPO in plants failed to succeed because the plants exhibited abnormal morphology and infertility. In the present work, we describe the generation of fertile transgenic tobacco plants able to express a synthetic version of human EPO. A 582-bp fragment of the human EPO gene was synthesized using a PCR-based method and ligated into pCR-Blunt. After sequencing, the human EPO fragment was transferred to pWUbi.tm1 and the expression cassette was then transferred to the binary vector pWBVec4a. After Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Nicotiana tabacum SR1 plants, integration of the transgene into T(0) and T(1) plant genomes was confirmed by PCR. The human EPO gene was found to be expressed in tobacco leaves at the mRNA and protein levels. Self-crossing allowed us to obtain T(1) plants exhibiting Mendelian segregation of the transgene. None of the plants presented any kind of malformation or deformity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Sperb
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dai X, Xu Y, Ma Q, Xu W, Wang T, Xue Y, Chong K. Overexpression of an R1R2R3 MYB gene, OsMYB3R-2, increases tolerance to freezing, drought, and salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 143:1739-51. [PMID: 17293435 PMCID: PMC1851822 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.094532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We used a cDNA microarray approach to monitor the expression profile of rice (Oryza sativa) under cold stress and identified 328 cold-regulated genes. Thirteen such genes encoding MYB, homeodomain, and zinc finger proteins with unknown functions showed a significant change in expression under 72-h cold stress. Among them, OsMYB3R-2 was selected for further study. Unlike most plant R2R3 MYB transcription factors, OsMYB3R-2 has three imperfect repeats in the DNA-binding domain, the same as in animal c-MYB proteins. Expression of OsMYB3R-2 was induced by cold, drought, and salt stress. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transgenic plants overexpressing OsMYB3R-2 showed increased tolerance to cold, drought, and salt stress, and the seed germination of transgenic plants was more tolerant to abscisic acid or NaCl than that of wild type. The expression of some clod-related genes, such as dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2A, COR15a, and RCI2A, was increased to a higher level in OsMYB3R-2-overexpressing plants than in wild type. These results suggest that OsMYB3R-2 acts as a master switch in stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Dai
- Research Center for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bajaj S, Mohanty A. Recent advances in rice biotechnology--towards genetically superior transgenic rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2005; 3:275-307. [PMID: 17129312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2005.00130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rice biotechnology has made rapid advances since the first transgenic rice plants were produced 15 years ago. Over the past decade, this progress has resulted in the development of high frequency, routine and reproducible genetic transformation protocols for rice. This technology has been applied to produce rice plants that withstand several abiotic stresses, as well as to gain tolerance against various pests and diseases. In addition, quality improving and increased nutritional value traits have also been introduced into rice. Most of these gains were not possible through conventional breeding technologies. Transgenic rice system has been used to understand the process of transformation itself, the integration pattern of transgene as well as to modulate gene expression. Field trials of transgenic rice, especially insect-resistant rice, have recently been performed and several other studies that are prerequisite for safe release of transgenic crops have been initiated. New molecular improvisations such as inducible expression of transgene and selectable marker-free technology will help in producing superior transgenic product. It is also a step towards alleviating public concerns relating to issues of transgenic technology and to gain regulatory approval. Knowledge gained from rice can also be applied to improve other cereals. The completion of the rice genome sequencing together with a rich collection of full-length cDNA resources has opened up a plethora of opportunities, paving the way to integrate data from the large-scale projects to solve specific biological problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shavindra Bajaj
- Gene Technology, The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Limited (HortResearch) 120 Mt. Albert Road, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mukhopadhyay A, Vij S, Tyagi AK. Overexpression of a zinc-finger protein gene from rice confers tolerance to cold, dehydration, and salt stress in transgenic tobacco. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:6309-14. [PMID: 15079051 PMCID: PMC395965 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0401572101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2003] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress perception and signal transduction leading to tolerance involve a complex interplay of different gene products. We describe here the isolation and characterization of an intronless gene (OSISAP1) from rice encoding a zinc-finger protein that is induced after different types of stresses, namely cold, desiccation, salt, submergence, and heavy metals as well as injury. The gene is also induced by stress hormone abscisic acid. Overexpression of the gene in transgenic tobacco conferred tolerance to cold, dehydration, and salt stress at the seed-germination/seedling stage as reflected by the percentage of germination/green seedlings, the fresh weight of seedlings, and their developmental pattern. Thus, OSISAP1 seems to be an important determinant of stress response in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110 021, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bahaji A, Aniento F, Cornejo MJ. Uptake of an Endocytic Marker by Rice Cells: Variations Related to Osmotic and Saline Stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 44:1100-11. [PMID: 14581635 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcg133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Saline and osmotic stress are the main abiotic factors limiting the productivity of rice and other crop plants. Although both coincide in generating water deficit and affect many aspects of plant growth and development similarly, some effects of salinity are distinctively related to the ionic component of salt stress. At the cellular level, dessication tolerance is largely dependent on the cell's ability for osmotic adjustment. Here, we have studied the effects of saline and osmotic stress on endocytosis by rice cells, to investigate the common and distinctive effects of saline-generated stress and osmotically generated stress, and the possible involvement of endocytosis in tolerance mechanisms. For this purpose, we have used rice cell lines with different levels of tolerance and biotinylated bovine serum albumin (bBSA) as an endocytic marker, which in our previous experiments has been shown to enter rice cells by a process with the characteristics of receptor-mediated endocytosis. Our results indicate that the pattern of uptake is common to both types of stress. Thus, when rice cells were subjected to saline or osmotic stress there was an initial dose-dependent inhibition of uptake. However, after more extended stress periods, there was an activation of uptake in the stressed cells. This late activation appears mainly related to the inhibition of growth commonly caused by the different stress agents used in this study. When using cell lines with different degrees of tolerance, the level of uptake activation varied as a function of the type of stress. Thus, under osmotic stress, a higher stress tolerance was directly related to a higher bBSA uptake, while the opposite occurred under saline stress. The possible role of endocytosis in the cellular responses to osmotic and saline stress is discussed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- Swapan K Datta
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biochemistry Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lowe KC, Anthony P, Davey MR, Power JB. Beneficial effects of Pluronic F-68 and artificial oxygen carriers on the post-thaw recovery of cryopreserved plant cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, BLOOD SUBSTITUTES, AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY 2001; 29:297-316. [PMID: 11495011 DOI: 10.1081/bio-100104232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The storage of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells at ultra-low temperature in liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C) is a procedure that has assumed an increasingly important role in underpinning many aspects of biotechnology. For eukaryotic cells, the transition from a cryopreserved state to physiologically normal temperatures and oxygen tensions, induces respiratory imbalances that may stimulate the production of toxic oxygen radicals causing impaired cellular functions. Novel treatments, that focus specifically on enhancing oxygen delivery to cells, are important in maximising post-thaw recovery. Recently, several approaches have been evaluated with suspension cultured plant cells as a model, yet biotechnologically-important, totipotent eukaryotic cell system. Such treatments include non-ionic surfactants, primarily Pluronic F-68, and artificial oxygen carriers, the latter based on inert perfluorochemical liquids or chemically-modifed haemoglobin, as supplements to culture medium used during the post-thaw recovery phase of cell growth. When used either alone or in combination, such novel treatments stimulate significantly the post-thaw viability and biomass production of cultured plant cells. Many of these technologies will be exploitable in cryopreservation protocols for eukaryotic cells in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C Lowe
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Giri CC, Vijaya Laxmi G. Production of transgenic rice with agronomically useful genes: an assessment. Biotechnol Adv 2000; 18:653-83. [PMID: 14538093 DOI: 10.1016/s0734-9750(00)00053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rice is the most important food crop in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Yield enhancement to increase rice production is one of the essential strategies to meet the demand for food of the growing population. Both abiotic and biotic features limit adversely the productivity of rice growing areas. Conventional breeding has been an effective means for developing high yielding varieties, however; it is associated with its own limitations. It is envisaged that recent trends in biotechnology can contribute to the agronomic improvement of rice in terms of yield and nutritional quality as a supplement to traditional breeding methods. Genetic transformation of rice has demonstrated numerous important opportunities resulting in the genetic improvement of existing elite rice varieties and production of new plant types. Significant advances have been made in the genetic engineering of rice since the first transgenic rice plant production in the late 1980s. Several gene transfer protocols have been employed successfully for the introduction of foreign genes to rice. In more than 60 rice cultivars belonging to indica, japonica, javanica, and elite African cultivars, the protocol has been standardized for transgenic rice production. Selection and use of appropriate promoters, selectable markers, and reporter genes has been helpful for development of efficient protocols for transgenic rice in a number of rice cultivars. The present review is an attempt to assess the current state of development in transgenic rice for the transfer of agronomically useful genes, emphasizing the application and future prospects of transgenic rice production for the genetic improvement of this food crop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Giri
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, AP, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tyagi AK, Mohanty A. Rice transformation for crop improvement and functional genomics. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2000; 158:1-18. [PMID: 10996240 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-9452(00)00325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although several japonica and some indica varieties of rice have already been transformed, there is significant scope for improvement in the technology for transformation of economically important indica varieties. Successful transformation of rice employing Agrobacterium and recent advances in direct gene transfer by biolistics, evidenced by transfer of multiple genes, have removed some of the serious impediments in the area of gene engineering. The transfer of genes for nutritionally important biosynthetic pathway has provided many opportunities for performing metabolic engineering. Other useful genes for resistance against pests, diseases and abiotic stresses have also been transferred to rice. But the limited knowledge about important target genes requires rapid progress in the field of functional genomics. Transgenic rice system can be applied to isolate new genes, promoters, and enhancers and their functions could be unravelled. The combination of novel regulatory systems for targeted expression and useful new genes should pave the way for improvement of rice and other cereals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AK Tyagi
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, 110021, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|