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Xin R, Wang G, Qiu Z, Ma Q, Ahmad S, Yang F, Wang H, He J, Jing X, Sun Y. Screening of essential oils with acaricidal activity against Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) and analysis of active components. Vet Parasitol 2022; 307-308:109712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Novel Substituted Thiophenes and Sulf-Polyacetylene Ester from Echinops ritro L. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040805. [PMID: 30813374 PMCID: PMC6413031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new substituted bithiophenes (1⁻3), and one new sulf-polyacetylene ester, ritroyne A (16) were isolated from the whole plant of Echinops ritro together with twelve known substituted thiophenes. The structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR as well as MS. Furthermore, the absolute configuration of ritroyne A (16) was established by computational methods. In bioscreening experiments, four compounds (2, 4, 12, 14) showed similar antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592 with levofloxacin (8 µg/mL). Five compounds (2, 4, 9, 12, 14) exhibited antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 32⁻64 µg/mL. Three compounds (2, 4, 12) exhibited antifungal activities against Candida albicans ATCC 2002 with MIC values of 32⁻64 µg/mL. However, compound 16 did not exhibit antimicrobial activities against three microorganisms.
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Kayashima Y, Murata S, Sato M, Matsuura K, Asanuma T, Chimoto J, Ishii T, Mochizuki K, Kumazawa S, Nakayama T, Yamakawa-Kobayashi K. Tea polyphenols ameliorate fat storage induced by high-fat diet in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 4:417-424. [PMID: 29124233 PMCID: PMC5669444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyphenols in tea are considered beneficial to human health. However, many such claims of their bioactivity still require in vitro and in vivo evidence. Results Using Drosophila melanogaster as a model multicellular organism, we assess the fat accumulation-suppressing effects of theaflavin (TF), a tea polyphenol; epitheaflagallin (ETG), which has an unknown function; and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), a prominent component of green tea. Dietary TF reduced the malondialdehyde accumulation related to a high-fat diet in adult flies. Other physiological and genetic responses induced by the high-fat diet, such as lipid accumulation in the fat body and expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, were ameliorated by the addition of TF, ETG, and EGCg, in some cases approaching respective levels without high-fat diet exposure. Continuous ingestion of the three polyphenols resulted in a shortened lifespan. Conclusion We provide evidence in Drosophila that tea polyphenols have a fat accumulation-suppressing effect that has received recent attention. We also suggest that tea polyphenols can provide different desirable biological activities depending on their composition and the presence or absence of other chemical components. Tea polyphenols have a fat accumulation-suppressing effect in Drosophila. Dietary theaflavin ameliorates high-fat diet-induced hydroperoxidase accumulation. The novel tea polyphenol epitheaflagallin strongly suppresses lipid accumulation. The beneficial effects of tea polyphenols can be enhanced by altering composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Kayashima
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yamanashi Gakuin Junior College, 2-4-5 Sakaori, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi 400-8575, Japan
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Department of Food and Nutrition, Yamanashi Gakuin Junior College, 2-4-5 Sakaori, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi 400-8575, Japan. Fax: +81 55 224 1396.Department of Food and Nutrition, Yamanashi Gakuin Junior College2-4-5 SakaoriKofu-shiYamanashi400-8575Japan
| | - Shinichi Murata
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Misaki Sato
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kanako Matsuura
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Asanuma
- Industrial Research Institute of Shizuoka Prefecture, 2078 Makigaya, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 421-1298, Japan
| | - Junko Chimoto
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishii
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kazuo Mochizuki
- Industrial Research Institute of Shizuoka Prefecture, 2078 Makigaya, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 421-1298, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kumazawa
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakayama
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamakawa-Kobayashi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Sachan N, Rogers DT, Yun KY, Littleton JM, Falcone DL. Reactive oxygen species regulate alkaloid metabolism in undifferentiated N. tabacum cells. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2010; 29:437-48. [PMID: 20217418 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce an immense number of natural products and undifferentiated cells from various plant tissues have long been considered an ideal source for their synthesis. However, undifferentiated plant cells often either lose their biosynthetic capacity over time or exhibit immediate repression of the required pathways once dedifferentiated. In this study, freshly prepared callus tissue was employed to further investigate the regulation of a natural product pathway in undifferentiated tobacco cells. Putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) is a pathway-specific enzyme required in nicotinic alkaloid production in Nicotiana species. Callus derived from transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants harboring PMT promoter-GUS fusions were used to study factors that influence PMT expression. Under normal callus growth conditions in the presence of light and auxin, PMT promoter activity was strongly repressed. Conversely, dark conditions and the absence of auxin were found to upregulate PMT promoter activity, with light being dominant to the repressive effects of auxin. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known by-products of photosynthesis and have been implicated in signaling, their involvement was investigated in transgenic callus by treatment with the ROS scavenger, dimethylthiourea, or catalase. Under highly repressive conditions for alkaloid synthesis, including normal culture conditions in the light, both ROS scavengers resulted in significant induction of PMT promoter activity. Moreover, treatment of callus with catalase resulted in the upregulation of PMT promoter activity and alkaloid accumulation in this tissue. These results suggest that ROS impact the regulation of the alkaloid pathway in undifferentiated cells and have implications for regulation of the pathway in other plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nita Sachan
- Kentucky Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Naprogenix, Inc, Lexington, KY 40515, USA
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Oloris SCS, Frazer-Abel AA, Jubala CM, Fosmire SP, Helm KM, Robinson SR, Korpela DM, Duckett MM, Baksh S, Modiano JF. Nicotine-mediated signals modulate cell death and survival of T lymphocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 242:299-309. [PMID: 19896492 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of nicotine to affect the behavior of non-neuronal cells through neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) has been the subject of considerable recent attention. Previously, we showed that exposure to nicotine activates the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factor in lymphocytes and endothelial cells, leading to alterations in cellular growth and vascular endothelial growth factor production. Here, we extend these studies to document effects of nicotine on lymphocyte survival. The data show that nicotine induces paradoxical effects that might alternatively enforce survival or trigger apoptosis, suggesting that depending on timing and context, nicotine might act both as a survival factor or as an inducer of apoptosis in normal or transformed lymphocytes, and possibly other non-neuronal cells. In addition, our results show that, while having overlapping functions, low and high affinity nAChRs also transmit signals that promote distinct outcomes in lymphocytes. The sum of our data suggests that selective modulation of nAChRs might be useful to regulate lymphocyte activation and survival in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia C S Oloris
- Integrated Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, CO, USA
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Fokialakis N, Osbrink WLA, Mamonov LK, Gemejieva NG, Mims AB, Skaltsounis AL, Lax AR, Cantrell CL. Antifeedant and toxicity effects of thiophenes from four Echinops species against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2006; 62:832-8. [PMID: 16791907 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Over 220 crude extracts from repositories generated from plants native to Greece and Kazakhstan were evaluated for termiticidal activity against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Emerging from this screening effort were bioactive extracts from two Greek species (Echinops ritro L. and Echinops spinosissimus Turra subsp. spinosissimus) and extracts from two Kazakhstan species (Echinops albicaulis Kar. & Kir. and Echinops transiliensis Golosh.). Fractionation and isolation of constituents from the most active extracts from each of the four species has been completed, resulting in the isolation of eight thiophenes possessing varying degrees of termiticidal activity. 2,2':5',2"-Terthiophene and 5'-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene demonstrated 100% mortality against C. formosanus within 9 days at 1 and 2 wt% concentrations respectively. In addition, all but two of the eight compounds tested were significantly different from the solvent controls in the filter paper consumption bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Fokialakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens 157 71, Greece
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Fokialakis N, Cantrell CL, Duke SO, Skaltsounis AL, Wedge DE. Antifungal activity of thiophenes from Echinops ritro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:1651-5. [PMID: 16506815 DOI: 10.1021/jf052702j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from 30 plants of the Greek flora were evaluated for their antifungal activity using direct bioautography assays with three Colletotrichum species. Among the bioactive extracts, the dichloromethane extract of the radix of Echinops ritro (Asteraceae) was the most potent. Bioassay-guided fractionation of this extract led to the isolation of eight thiophenes. Antifungal activities of isolated compounds together with a previously isolated thiophene from Echinops transiliensis were first evaluated by bioautography and subsequently evaluated in greater detail using a broth microdilution assay against plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum fragariae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phomopsis viticola, and Phomopsis obscurans. 5'-(3-Buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophen (1), alpha-terthienyl (2), and 2-[pent-1,3-diynyl]-5-[4-hydroxybut-1-ynyl]thiophene (5) at 3 and 30 microM were active against all three Colletotrichum species, F. oxysporum, P. viticola, and P. obscurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Fokialakis
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O.Box 8048, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
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