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Liu T, Wu H, Jiang H, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Mao L. Thiophenes from Echinops grijsii as a Preliminary Approach To Control Disease Complex of Root-Knot Nematodes and Soil-Borne Fungi: Isolation, Activities, and Structure-Nonphototoxic Activity Relationship Analysis. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:6160-6168. [PMID: 31099574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring thiophenes possess excellent nematicidal and fungicidal activities. However, thiophenes often have limited application in soil due to their light-dependent toxicity given the living and reproductive condition of soil-borne pathogens. In this study, six new (1-6) and six known thiophenes (7-12) were isolated from Echinops grijsii. Compounds 1-2, 4-5, 8-9, 11 , and 12 showed stronger nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita than commercial nematicide abamectin. 4-10 were demonstrated as nonphototoxic thiophenes. Among these, 4 and 8 were the most potent thiophenes (LC50 values 2.57 and 0.91 μg/mL in light, 1.80 and 0.86 μg/mL in dark, respectively) against M. incognita. SAR revealed that thiophene skeleton was essential for nematicidal activity, while disubstituted groups were helpful for nonphototoxicity. Although an increased number of acetylenes improved activity, it decreased nonphototoxicity. Acyl groups could suppress the effects of light on activity, with the level of inhibitory effects depending on its number and chain length, while chlorine played important roles in promoting activity. Additionally, compounds 1-2, 4-5, 7, 8, and 10 displayed antifungal activity against six soil-borne fungi in various degrees. The discovery of nonphototoxic thiophenes and elucidation of SAR provide important information for the exploitation and utilization of thiophenes in the integrative management regarding disease complexes caused by the combination of root-knot nematode and soil-borne fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agriproduct Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China , Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Haibo Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences , Minzu University of China , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Hongyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agriproduct Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China , Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agriproduct Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China , Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Yanning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agriproduct Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China , Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Liangang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agriproduct Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China , Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
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Weidenhamer JD, Montgomery TM, Cipollini DF, Weston PA, Mohney BK. Plant Density and Rhizosphere Chemistry: Does Marigold Root Exudate Composition Respond to Intra- and Interspecific Competition? J Chem Ecol 2019; 45:525-533. [PMID: 31134522 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-019-01073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of techniques to non-destructively monitor allelochemical dynamics in soil using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microtubing (silicone tubing microextraction, or STME) provides a means to test important ecological hypotheses regarding the roles of these compounds in plant-plant interactions. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of intra- and interspecific competition on the exudation of thiophenes by marigolds (Tagetes patula L.). Marigolds were grown at a density of 1, 3 and 5 plants in pots (8.75 × 8.75 cm) containing two STME samplers. An additional treatment included one marigold surrounded by four velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti L.) plants. Marigold roots released two primary thiophenes, 3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithienyl and α-terthienyl, which are readily absorbed by silicone microtubing. Thiophene exudation was monitored over the period 15-36 days after planting, at 2-5 day intervals. At the end of the study, root and soil samples were also analyzed for thiophene content. Thiophene production per plant increased over time, and thiophene release was strongly correlated with plant size. These results indicate that thiophene release in this study was passively controlled by resource availability. However, poor growth of velvetleaf plants competing with marigold suggests that thiophenes negatively influenced velvetleaf growth. This study, then, provides indirect evidence that thiophene exudation is insensitive to neighbor identity but differentially effective in inhibiting the growth of heterospecific neighbors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Weidenhamer
- Department of Chemistry, Geology & Physics, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, 44805, USA.
| | - Tricia M Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry, Geology & Physics, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, 44805, USA
| | - Donald F Cipollini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Paul A Weston
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Brian K Mohney
- Department of Chemistry, Geology & Physics, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, 44805, USA
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Khan MF, Yu L, Achari G, Tay JH. Degradation of sulfolane in aqueous media by integrating activated sludge and advanced oxidation process. Chemosphere 2019; 222:1-8. [PMID: 30684685 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the performance of an integrated technology, combining biological treatment with advanced oxidation process in sequence, was evaluated for the degradation of sulfolane in aqueous media. In addition, the impact of biological process on AOP was also studied by assessing residual sulfolane, nutrient and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations. The integration of activated sludge process with UVC/H2O2 resulted in more than 81% of sulfolane degradation in less than 24 h. It was observed that mineralization was much faster in biological system compared to AOP. Mechanistically, the process of degradation is different in the two processes as various by-products were identified during UVC/H2O2 but not during the biological process. The impact of residual sulfolane concentration on UVC/H2O2 was significant beyond a concentration of 30 mg L-1, while below 30 mg L-1 the rate of degradation was independent of sulfolane concentration. Residual nutrients from biological systems did not impact AOP performance. Nevertheless, presence of TSS >44 mg L-1 had a negative impact on the performance of UVC/H2O2 by reducing UV transmittance which led to retardation of sulfolane degradation. The application of UVC/H2O2 after biological treatment was an advantage as UVC/H2O2 could perform dual roles of oxidant and disinfectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faizan Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Linlong Yu
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gopal Achari
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Joo Hwa Tay
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Wang X, Guo M, Zhang R, Ning P, Ma Y, Ma Q, Wang L. Removal of low-concentration thiophene by DC corona discharge plasma. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:1606-1614. [PMID: 30446912 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the removal of C4H4S using DC corona discharge plasma. The influences of various factors such as C4H4S concentration (ppm), temperature (°C), O2 concentration (%), and dust concentration (mg/m3) on the conversion of C4H4S were studied. Furthermore, gaseous compositions were determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Solid products, which were collected from earth and discharge electrodes, were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that, under the condition of DC corona discharge plasma, C4H4S converted to CO, CO2, S, SO2, and SO42-, and that the conversion rate increased with the increase in specific input energy (SIE). The increase of O2 concentration led to further energy consumption that generated O3, which in turn decreased the conversion rate of C4H4S. The increase in temperature exhibited a positive influence on the conversion of C4H4S when the SIE was less than 268 J/L. However, above this value of SIE, the temperature affected the conversion of C4H4S negatively with the increase in SIE. When dust was introduced, the conversion of C4H4S was significantly improved and the yield of SO2 reduced due to the reaction which took place among C4H4S, SO2 and dust in the electric field. The results showed that the DC corona discharge plasma exhibited considerable potential to remove C4H4S, while dust contributed positively towards the disposal of C4H4S. Graphical abstract In this work, DC corona plasma was used to remove thiophene (C4H4S) from a dust-containing gas stream. The results showed that electron collision, oxidizability of radicals, and existence of O3 were the main causes of C4H4S decomposition. The electron collision effects, contents of radicals, O3, and the conversion rate of C4H4S were enhanced with the increase in SIE (specific input energy). The main products consisted of CO, CO2, SO2, and solid products. The solid products and dust moved to the earth electrode in the electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mengxue Guo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yixing Ma
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Langlang Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
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Block E, Dethier B, Bechand B, Cotelesage JJH, George GN, Goto K, Pickering IJ, Mendoza Rengifo E, Sheridan R, Sneeden EY, Vogt L. Ajothiolanes: 3,4-Dimethylthiolane Natural Products from Garlic ( Allium sativum). J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:10193-10204. [PMID: 30196701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stereoisomers of 5-(2-allylsulfinyl)-3,4-dimethylthiolane-2-ol, a family of 3,4-dimethylthiolanes of formula C9H16O2S2 we name ajothiolanes, were isolated from garlic ( Allium sativum) macerates and characterized by a variety of analytical and spectroscopic techniques, including ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC), direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS), and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Ajothiolanes were found to be spectroscopically identical to a family of previously described compounds named garlicnins B1-4 (C9H16O2S2), whose structures we demonstrate have been misassigned. 2D 13C-13C NMR incredible natural abundance double quantum transfer experiments (INADEQUATE) were used to disprove the claim of nine contiguous carbons in these compounds, while X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) along with computational modeling was used to disprove the claim that these compounds were thiolanesulfenic acids. On the basis of the similarity of their NMR spectra to those of the ajothiolanes, we propose that the structures of previously described, biologically active onionins A1-3 (C9H16O2S2), from extracts of onion ( Allium cepa) and Allium fistulosum, and garlicnin A (C12H20O2S4), from garlic extracts, should also be reassigned, in each case as isomeric mixtures of 5-substituted-3,4-dimethylthiolane-2-ols. We conclude that 3,4-dimethylthiolanes may be a common motif in Allium chemistry. Finally, we show that another garlic extract component, garlicnin D (C7H12O2S3), claimed to have an unprecedented structure, is in fact a known compound from garlic with a structure different from that proposed, namely, 2( E)-3-(methylsulfinyl)-2-propenyl 2-propenyl disulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Block
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Bérénice Dethier
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Benjamin Bechand
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Julien J H Cotelesage
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 O̅okayama , Meguro̅ku, Tokyo 152-8551 , Japan
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Emerita Mendoza Rengifo
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Robert Sheridan
- Food Laboratory Division , NYS Department of Agriculture and Markets , Albany , New York 12235 , United States
| | - Eileen Y Sneeden
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Linda Vogt
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
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Feng ZM, Xu K, Wang W, Du N, Zhang JH, Yang YN, Jiang JS, Zhang PC. Two new thiophene polyacetylene glycosides from Atractylodes lancea. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2018; 20:531-537. [PMID: 29614875 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1458841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation on the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea led to the isolation of two new thiophene polyacetylene glycosides (1 and 2) and six known compounds (3-8). Their structures were elucidated based on the extensive spectroscopic data (UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and HRESIMS). The absolute configurations of new compounds were established by calculated and experimental circular dichroism. All the compounds were assessed on the lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in BV2 cells and compounds 3, 7, and 8 showed moderate inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ming Feng
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Kuo Xu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- b Beijing Centre for Physical and Chemical Analysis , Beijing 100089 , China
| | - Ning Du
- b Beijing Centre for Physical and Chemical Analysis , Beijing 100089 , China
| | - Jing-Hua Zhang
- b Beijing Centre for Physical and Chemical Analysis , Beijing 100089 , China
| | - Ya-Nan Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Jian-Shuang Jiang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Pei-Cheng Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , China
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Chen X, Yu J, Cui H, Xia S, Zhang X, Yang B. Effect of Temperature on Flavor Compounds and Sensory Characteristics of Maillard Reaction Products Derived from Mushroom Hydrolysate. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020247. [PMID: 29373560 PMCID: PMC6017167 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maillard reaction products (MRPs) were prepared from mushroom hydrolysate (MH) by heating with d-xylose and l-cysteine at various temperatures (100 °C-140 °C) for 2 h at a pH of 7.4. The sensory characteristics of MH and MRPs were evaluated by panelists and volatile compounds were analyzed by GC/MS. Additionally, partial least squares regression (PLSR) was performed to analyze the correlation between quantitative sensory characteristics and GC/MS data. GC/MS results revealed that higher reaction temperature resulted in more nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds in MRPs while alcohols, ketones and aldehydes were the major flavor compounds obtained in MH. PLSR results showed that 3-phenylfuran and 2-octylfuran were the compounds responsible for the caramel-like flavor; 1-octen-3-ol, (E)-2-octen-1-ol and geranyl acetone were significantly and positively correlated to mushroom-like flavor, whereas, 2-thiophene-carboxaldehyde, 2,5-thiophenedicarboxaldehyde and 3-methylbutanal positively affected MRPs meat-like attribute. Overall, 125 °C was identified as the optimal temperature for preparing MRPs with abundant volatile compounds and favorable sensory characteristics; the concentration of free amino acids and 5'-GMP, which are associated with the umami taste, in MRPs derived under 125 °C were 3 to 4 times higher than those in MH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Jingyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Heping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuqin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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Bitew H, Mammo W, Hymete A, Yeshak MY. Antimalarial Activity of Acetylenic Thiophenes from Echinops hoehnelii Schweinf. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111965. [PMID: 29160791 PMCID: PMC6150322 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the world’s most severe endemic diseases and due to the emergence of resistance to the currently available medicines, the need for new targets and relevant antimalarial drugs remains acute. The crude extract, four solvent fractions and two isolated compounds from the roots of Echinops hoehnelii were tested for their antimalarial activity using the standard four-day suppressive method in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. The 80% methanol extract exhibited suppression of 4.6%, 27.8%, 68.5% and 78.7% at dose of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. The dichloromethane fraction displayed chemosuppression of 24.9, 33.5 and 43.0% dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of body weight. Five acetylenicthiophenes were isolated from the dichloromethane fraction of which 5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-(3,4-dihydroxybut-1-ynyl)-thiophene decreased the level of parasitaemia by 43.2% and 50.2% while 5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-(3-chloro-4-acetoxy-but-1-yn)-thiophene suppressed by 18.8% and 32.7% at 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. The study confirmed the traditional claim of the plant to treat malaria and could be used as a new lead for the development of antimalarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Bitew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia.
- DDepartment of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 1871, Ethiopia.
| | - Wendimagegn Mammo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia.
| | - Ariaya Hymete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia.
| | - Mariamawit Yonathan Yeshak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia.
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Ford LT, Berg JD. Analysis of legal high materials by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry as part of a toxicology vigilance system: what are the most popular novel psychoactive substances in the UK? Ann Clin Biochem 2017; 54:219-229. [PMID: 27166311 DOI: 10.1177/0004563216651646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Legal highs also known as novel psychoactive substances mimic the effects of classic drugs of abuse. Challenges to developing screening services for novel psychoactive substances include identifying which novel psychoactive substances are available to target. Using new techniques such as exact mass time of flight can help identify common novel psychoactive substances to target for screening patient samples by routine methods such as tandem mass spectrometry. We demonstrate this strategy working in our own clinical toxicology laboratory after qualitative analysis of 98 suspect materials for novel psychoactive substances by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry. Results From July 2014 to July 2015 we received 98 requests to test a range of different suspect materials for novel psychoactive substances including herbs, tobacco, liquids, pills and powders. Overall, 87% of the suspect materials tested positive for novel psychoactive substances, and 15% for controlled drugs. Three common novel psychoactive substances were present in 74% of the suspect materials: methiopropamine, a methamphetamine analogue; ethylphenidate, a cocaine mimic; and the third generation synthetic cannabinoid 5F-AKB-48. For the 55 branded products we tested only 24% of the stated contents matched exactly the compounds we detected. Conclusion Testing suspect materials using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry has identified three common novel psychoactive substances in use in the UK, simplifying the development of a relevant novel psychoactive substances screening service to our population. By incorporating this into our routine liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry drugs of abuse screen, then offers a clinically relevant novel psychoactive substances service to our users. This strategy ensures our clinical toxicology service continues to remain effective to meet the challenges of the changing drug use in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta T Ford
- Department Clinical Biochemistry, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan D Berg
- Department Clinical Biochemistry, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Xi FM, Li CT, Han J, Yu SS, Wu ZJ, Chen WS. Thiophenes, polyacetylenes and terpenes from the aerial parts of Eclipata prostrate. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 22:6515-22. [PMID: 25443644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One new bithiophenes, 5-(but-3-yne-1,2-diol)-50-hydroxy-methyl-2,20-bithiophene (2), two new polyacetylenic glucosides, 3-O-b-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1-hydroxy-4E,6E-tetradecene-8,10,12-triyne (8), (5E)-trideca-1,5-dien-7,9,11-triyne-3,4-diol-4-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (9), six new terpenoid glycosides, rel-(1S,2S,3S,4R,6R)-1,6-epoxy-menthane-2,3-diol-3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (10), rel-(1S,2S,3S,4R,6R)-3-O-(6-O-caffeoyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,6-epoxy menthane-2,3-diol (11), (2E,6E)-2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6,11-dodecatriene-1,10-diol-1-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (12), 3b,16b,29-trihydroxy oleanane-12-ene-3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (13), 3,28-di-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-3b,16b-dihydroxy oleanane-12-ene-28-oleanlic acid (14), 3-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1?2)-b-D-glucopyranosyl oleanlic-18-ene acid-28-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (15), along with fifteen known compounds (1, 3–7, and 16–24), were isolated from the aerial parts of Eclipta prostrata. Their structures were established by analysis of the spectroscopic data. The isolated compounds 1–9 were tested for activities against dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), compound 7 showed significant antihyperglycemic activities by inhibitory effects on DPP-IV in human plasma in vitro, with IC50 value of 0.51 lM. Compounds 10–24 were tested in vitro against NF-jB-luc 293 cell line induced by LPS. Compounds 12, 15, 16, 19, 21, and 23 exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory activities.
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Lee JS, Ahn JH, Cho YJ, Kim HY, Yang YI, Lee KT, Jang DS, Choi JH. α-Terthienylmethanol, isolated from Eclipta prostrata, induces apoptosis by generating reactive oxygen species via NADPH oxidase in human endometrial cancer cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 169:426-34. [PMID: 25940205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eclipta prostrate L. (syn. E. alba Hassk), commonly known as False Daisy, has been used in traditional medicine in Asia to treat a variety of diseases, including cancer. Although an anti-tumor effect has been suggested for E. prostrata, the exact anti-tumor effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of its bioactive compounds are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify compounds with anti-cancer activity from E. prostrata and to investigate their mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess cell viability, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis, we performed MTT assays and FACS analysis using Annexin and PI staining. We also investigated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and caspase activation using flow cytometry and Western blot analysis, respectively. Cytosolic translocation of cytochrome c was measured using an ELISA kit. Antioxidants, MAPK signaling inhibitors, NADPH oxidase inhibitors, and siRNA were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of the compound. RESULTS We isolated five terthiophenes from the n-hexane fraction of E. prostrata; of these, α-terthienylmethanol possessed potent cytotoxic activity against human endometrial cancer cells (Hec1A and Ishikawa) (IC50<1μM). The growth inhibitory effect of α-terthienylmethanol was mediated by the induction of apoptosis, as shown by the accumulation of sub-G1 and apoptotic cells. In addition, α-terthienylmethanol triggered caspase activation and cytochrome c release into the cytosol in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, α-terthienylmethanol increased the intracellular level of ROS and decreased that of GSH, and the antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cysteine and catalase significantly attenuated α-terthienylmethanol-induced apoptosis. We further demonstrated that inhibition of the NADPH oxidase attenuated α-terthienylmethanol-induced cell death and ROS accumulation in endometrial cancer cells. CONCLUSION Overall, these results suggest that α-terthienylmethanol, a naturally occurring terthiophene isolated from E. prostrata, induces apoptosis in human endometrial cancer cells by ROS production, partially via NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seung Lee
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Ahn
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Jin Cho
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ha-Yeong Kim
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeong-In Yang
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Jang
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Chitsazian-Yazdi M, Agnolet S, Lorenz S, Schneider B, Es'haghi Z, Kasaian J, Khameneh B, Iranshahi M. Foetithiophenes C-F, thiophene derivatives from the roots of Ferula foetida. Pharm Biol 2015; 53:710-4. [PMID: 25430396 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.939765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ferula foetida Regel (Apiaceae) is an Iranian medicinal plant with various biological activities including antispasmodic and anthelmintic. OBJECTIVE The sulfur compounds from the roots of F. foetida were isolated and characterized to test their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS The methanolic extract of the roots of F. foetida was fractionated using silica column chromatography. The components of each fraction were further purified using RP-HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by 1- and 2-D NMR spectroscopy as well as HREIMS. Their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities were evaluated using Alamar Blue assay and broth microdilution method, respectively. RESULTS Four new thiophene derivatives, namely foetithiophenes C-F (3-6), together with four known compounds, foetithiophenes A (1) and B (2), coniferaldehyde, and sinapic aldehyde, were isolated from the roots of F. foetida. Antimicrobial activities were observed in particular against the Gram-positive bacteria. The best antimicrobial activity was observed for compound 6 against B. cereus with a MIC value 50 µg/mL. The tested compounds did not show cytotoxic properties against MCF-7 and K562 cells. CONCLUSION Four new thiophene derivatives including foetithiophenes C-F (3-6) were characterized from the roots of F. foetida. Foetithiophene F (6) exhibited the most potent activity against the Gram-positive bacteria B. cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Chitsazian-Yazdi
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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Shi YS, Li L, Liu YB, Ma SG, Li Y, Qu J, Liu Q, Shen ZF, Chen XG, Yu SS. A new thiophene and two new monoterpenoids from Xanthium sibiricum. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2015; 17:1039-47. [PMID: 26466199 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2015.1070146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Three new compounds (1-3), together with six known compounds (4-9), were isolated from the fruits of Xanthium sibiricum. The structures and the absolute configurations of sibiricumthionol (1), (+)-(5Z)-6-methyl-2-ethenyl-5-hepten-1,2,7-triol [(+)-2], ( - )-(5Z)-6-methyl-2-ethenyl-5-hepten-1,2,7-triol [( - )-2], (2E,4E,1'S, 2'R, 4'S, 6'R)-dihydrophaseic acid (3), (+)-xanthienopyran [(+)-4] and ( - )-xanthienopyran [( - )-4] were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses, X-ray crystallographic analysis, ECCD analysis and ECD calculations. Caffeic acid (7) and caffeic acid ethyl ester (8) weekly inhibited α-glucosidase enzymatic activity by 44.5% and 40.2%, respectively, at 40 μM. Protocatechuic acid (9) selectively exhibited cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell lines, with an IC50 value of 2.92 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Shi
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Li Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Yun-Bao Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Shuang-Gang Ma
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Yong Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Jing Qu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Quan Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Zhu-Fang Shen
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Xiao-Guang Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Shi-Shan Yu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
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Safieh KAA, Al-Degs YS, Sunjuk MS, Saleh AI, Al-Ghouti MA. Selective removal of dibenzothiophene from commercial diesel using manganese dioxide-modified activated carbon: a kinetic study. Environ Technol 2015; 36:98-105. [PMID: 25409588 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.938125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
With a total concentration of 7055 mgS/kgfuel, the content of organosulphur compounds (OSCs) in local diesel is 20 times higher than the regulated value. Analysis revealed that 30% of OSC is originated from dibenzothiophene (DBT). It is known that DBT is a hardly removable compound and selective adsorbents are often needed for its removal with low affinity for other diesel components. In this work, a selective adsorbent based on surface modification of activated carbon (AC) by MnO2 is prepared for DBT removal from diesel. The porous nature of AC enabled carrying large amounts of MnO2 particles to end up with a selective adsorber for DBT. The best performance was observed at a surface loading of 26.8% of Mn and DBT is favourably removed over mono- and diaromatics hydrocarbons in diesel. Adsorption kinetics of DBT is studied under a high initial concentration of 835-11,890 mg/kg and at a ratio of 11 cm3/g (diesel:carbon). The results indicated a fast removal process after surface modification where 96% of the surface is occupied within 30 min of interaction. Kinetic data were best presented by reaction-based models with low prediction error sum of squares values 0.5-47.0, while, diffusion-based models showed limited application for modelling DBT adsorption. Accordingly, adsorption process is controlled by surface reactions and pore diffusion has a minor role in the overall process. The modified adsorbent is satisfactorily regenerated using n-hexane at 65°C.
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15
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Zhang L, Chen CJ, Chen J, Zhao QQ, Li Y, Gao K. Thiophene acetylenes and furanosesquiterpenes from Xanthopappus subacaulis and their antibacterial activities. Phytochemistry 2014; 106:134-140. [PMID: 25096755 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In a search for naturally occurring antibacterial compounds in medicinal plants, six hitherto unknown thiophene acetylenes, named 10,11-threo-xanthopappin D, 10,11-erythro-xanthopappin D, 10,11-cis-xanthopappin B, 5-(but-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-1-ynyl)-2-(Z)-pent-3-ene-1-ynylthiophene, 5-(but-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-1-ynyl)-2-(E)-pent-3-ene-1-ynylthiophene, 5-(but-3,4-dihydroxy-1-ynyl)-2-(Z)-pent-3-ene-1-ynylthiophene and two furanosesquiterpenes, as well as fifteen known compounds, were isolated from Xanthopappus subacaulis, which has been used as a traditional Tibetan medicine in China. A biosynthetic pathway to thiophene acetylenes was proposed and, the isolated compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity against five bacteria. Within the series of thiophene acetylenes tested, 10,11-threo-xanthopappin D with a threo configuration exhibited strong activity against Bacillus subtilis, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 7.25μg/mL, whereas 10,11-erythro-xanthopappin D with erythro configuration possessed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Erwinia carotovora, with MICs of 12.5, 15.5, 7.25 and 7.25μg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the compounds 10,11-cis-xanthopappin B, xanthopappin B, 5-(but-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-1-ynyl)-2-(Z)-pent-3-ene-1-ynylthiophene and 5-(but-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-1-ynyl)-2-(E)-pent-3-ene-1-ynylthiophene substituted with a Cl atom at C-14 showed moderate inhibitory activity against E. coli, B. cereus, S. aureus, E. carotovora and B. subtilis, with MICs ranging from 31.25 to 62.5μg/mL. The structures of these compounds were elucidated through the comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data, including UV, IR, MS and NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Chao-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Kun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Xu J, Li H, Wang S, Luo F, Liu Y, Wang X, Jiang Z. Ultra-deep desulfurization via reactive adsorption on peroxophosphomolybdate/agarose hybrids. Chemosphere 2014; 111:631-637. [PMID: 24997975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A catalyst system composed of peroxophosphomolybdates as catalytic center and agarose as matrix material had been designed. The [C16H33N(CH3)3]3[PO4{MoO(O2)2}4]/agarose (C16PMo(O2)2/agarose) hybrid was found to be active for oxidation desulfurization (ODS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) or real fuel into corresponding sulfone by H2O2 as an oxidant, while the sulfur content could be reduced to 5ppm. The higher activity comes from its components including [PO4{MoO(O2)2}4] catalytic sites, the hydrophobic quaternary ammonium cation affinity to low polarity substrates, and agarose matrix affinity to H2O2 and sulfone. During the oxidative reaction, the mass transfer resistance between H2O2 and organic sulfurs could be decreased and the reaction rate could increase by the assistance of agarose and hydrophobic tails of [C16H33N(CH3)3]3[PO4{MoO(O2)2}4]. Meanwhile, the oxidative products could be adsorbed by agarose matrix to give clean fuel avoiding the post-treatment. In addition, the hybrid was easily regenerated to be reused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Huacheng Li
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Shengtian Wang
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Fang Luo
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Yunyu Liu
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China.
| | - Zijiang Jiang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130024, PR China
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17
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Mohamed AMI, Abdel-Wadood HM, Mousa HS. Simultaneous determination of dorzolomide and timolol in aqueous humor: a novel salting out liquid-liquid microextraction combined with HPLC. Talanta 2014; 130:495-505. [PMID: 25159439 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A Snovel method for the simultaneous separation and determination of two antiglaucoma drugs namely, dorzolamide hydrochloride (DOR) and timolol maleate (TIM) in aqueous humor samples (AH) was developed by using salting-out assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (SALLME) combined with HPLC-UV method. Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology were employed to assist the optimization of SALLME conditions, including salt concentration, the pH of sample solution and vortex time as variable factors. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: to 50 µL of AH sample, 100 µL of phosphate buffer (100 mmol L(-1), pH 11.9), 90 µL of acetonitrile (ACN) and 0.11 g of (NH4)2SO4 salt were added into an Eppendorf vial (1 mL) then vortexed for 1.1 min. As an effort to miniaturize SALLE system, a 1 mL syringe adapted with a capillary tube was employed as the phase separation device. Once the phase separation occurred, the upper layer could be narrowed into the capillary tube by pushing the plunger; thus, the collection of the upper layer solvent was simple and convenient. By miniaturization, the consumption of the organic solvent was decreased as low as possible. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Gemini C18 column using a mobile phase of ACN: 30 mmol L(-1) potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer containing 0.1% triethylamine, pH 3.5 (20:80, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL min(-1) and UV detection at 254 and 295 nm for DOR and TIM, respectively. Mepivacaine hydrochloride was used as an internal standard. The described method showed better separation with enhanced sensitivities than the previously reported methods with limits of quantitation of 8.75 and 10.32 ng mL(-1) in aqueous solution and 15.97 and 23.53 ng mL(-1) in AH for DOR and TIM, respectively. The simple, rapid and eco-friendly SALLME-HPLC method has been successfully applied for the simultaneous pharmacokinetic studies of DOR and TIM in rabbit AH.
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Shi S, Qu Y, Ma F, Zhou J. Bioremediation of coking wastewater containing carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene and naphthalene by a naphthalene-cultivated Arthrobacter sp. W1. Bioresour Technol 2014; 164:28-33. [PMID: 24835915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A naphthalene-utilizing bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. W1, was used to investigate the cometabolic degradation of carbazole (CA), dibenzofuran (DBF) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) using naphthalene as the primary substrate. Both the growing and washed cells of strain W1 could degrade CA, DBF, DBT, and naphthalene simultaneously and quickly. Inhibition kinetics confirmed that the presence of CA, DBF and DBT in the growing system would inhibit the cells growth and biodegradability of strain W1. The relationship between ln(C/C0) and time, and specific degradation rate and CA, DBF and DBT concentration could be described well by First-order and Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The treatment of real coking wastewater containing high concentration of phenol, naphthalene, CA, DBF, DBT and NH3-N was shown to be highly efficient by naphthalene-grown W1 coupling with activation zeolite. Toxicity assessment indicated the treatment of the coking wastewater by strain W1 coupling with activation led to less toxicity than untreated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Abstract
Asparagusic acid (1,2-dithiolane-4-carboxylic acid) is a simple sulphur-containing 5-membered heterocyclic compound that appears unique to asparagus, though other dithiolane derivatives have been identified in non-food species. This molecule, apparently innocuous toxicologically to man, is the most probable culprit responsible for the curious excretion of odorous urine following asparagus ingestion. The presence of the two adjacent sulphur atoms leads to an enhanced chemical reactivity, endowing it with biological properties including the ability to substitute potentially for α-lipoic acid in α-keto-acid oxidation systems. This brief review collects the scattered data available in the literature concerning asparagusic acid and highlights its properties, intermediary metabolism and exploratory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Mitchell
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Rosemary H Waring
- Birmingham Toxicology Consortium, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Kyzas GZ, Bikiaris DN, Seredych M, Bandosz TJ, Deliyanni EA. Removal of dorzolamide from biomedical wastewaters with adsorption onto graphite oxide/poly(acrylic acid) grafted chitosan nanocomposite. Bioresour Technol 2013; 152:399-406. [PMID: 24326036 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel graphite oxide/poly(acrylic acid) grafted chitosan nanocomposite (GO/CSA) was prepared and used as biosorbent for the removal of pharmaceutical compound (dorzolamide) from biomedical synthetic wastewaters. The performance was evaluated taking into account pH, kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption. GO/CSA presented higher adsorption capacity in comparison with the parent materials (graphite oxide and poly(acrylic acid) grafted chitosan). All adsorbents prepared were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and potentiometric titration. The surface features were also evaluated after the dorzolamide adsorption in order to derive the adsorption mechanism. It was suggested that the reactive groups of GO and CSA can interact with the amino groups of dorzolamide and mainly the abundance of carboxyl groups of GO/CSA composite was the main reason for its enhanced adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Z Kyzas
- Division of Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Division of Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mykola Seredych
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 100 31, USA
| | - Teresa J Bandosz
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 100 31, USA
| | - Eleni A Deliyanni
- Division of Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Takahashi HT, Britta EA, Longhini R, Ueda-Nakamura T, Palazzo de Mello JC, Nakamura CV. Antileishmanial activity of 5-methyl-2,2' : 5',2″-terthiophene isolated from Porophyllum ruderale is related to mitochondrial dysfunction in Leishmania amazonensis. Planta Med 2013; 79:330-333. [PMID: 23457021 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1328258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, our group isolated and reported the antiproliferative activity in promastigotes and axenic amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis treated with 5-methyl-2,2':5',2″-terthiophene (compound A) and 5'-methyl-[5-(4-acetoxy-1-butynyl)]-2,2'-bi-thiophene (compound B) isolated from the aerial parts of Porophyllum ruderale. Here, we demonstrated that both compounds exhibited activity against intracellular amastigotes showing IC50 values of 37 and 51 µg/mL for compounds A and B, respectively. Both compounds showed low levels of toxicity for human cells, even at the highest concentrations (hemolytic index < 10 % at 500 µg/mL). Promastigotes treated with compound A showed an alteration in the mitochondrial membrane when observed by flow cytometry through labeling with rhodamine 123 and this was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Alterations on morphology (rounded cells) were observed by scanning electron microscopy in parasites treated with the compounds. Further studies should be performed employing compounds A and B for the development of new drugs for chemotherapy of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Teru Takahashi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Mambrini RV, Fonseca TL, Dias A, Oliveira LCA, Araujo MH, Moura FCC. Magnetic composites based on metallic nickel and molybdenum carbide: a potential material for pollutants removal. J Hazard Mater 2012; 241-242:73-81. [PMID: 23036701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
New magnetic composites based on metallic nickel and molybdenum carbide, Ni/Mo(2)C, have been produced via catalytic chemical vapor deposition from ethanol. Scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies suggest that the CVD process occurs in a single step. This process involves the reduction of NiMo oxides at different temperatures (700, 800 and 900°C) with catalytic deposition of carbon from ethanol producing molybdenum carbide on Ni surface. In the absence of molybdenum the formation of Ni/C was observed. The magnetic molybdenum carbide was successfully used as pollutants removal by adsorption of sulfur and nitrogen compounds from liquid fuels and model dyes such as methylene blue and indigo carmine. The dibenzothiofene adsorption process over Ni/Mo(2)C reached approximately 20 mg g(-1), notably higher than other materials described in the literature and also removed almost all methylene blue dye. The great advantage of these carbide composites is that they may be easily recovered magnetically and reused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel V Mambrini
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
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Gupta P, Gupta A, Agarwal K, Tomar P, Satija S. Antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of a new thienyl derivative from Tagetes erecta roots. Pharm Biol 2012; 50:1013-1018. [PMID: 22775418 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.655378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The search for newer compounds against pathogenic species continues unabated due to drug resistance. Traditionally, Tagetes erecta Linn. (Compositae) has been used for the treatment of various parasitic and microbial diseases. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of Tagetes erecta roots and its cytotoxicity against prostate and HeLa cancer cell lines followed by activity-guided isolation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antioxidant screening was carried out using diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay with serial concentrations ranging from 2 to 100 µg/mL, and cytotoxicity was evaluated against prostate (PC-3) and HeLa cell lines using microculture tetrazolium test (MTT) assay with concentrations ranging from 500 to 1.89 µg/mL. Isolation of the ethanol extract was carried out using column chromatography whereby 21 isolates were obtained (T₁-T₂₁), and the most active isolate was subjected for characterization using ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectroscopic techniques. RESULTS The ethanol extract scavenged DPPH free radicals thereby exhibiting antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ of 35.9 µg/mL. In addition, the extract conferred noticeable cytotoxicity against the HeLa (LD₅₀ of 164.28 µg/mL) and PC-3 cell lines (LD₅₀ of 407.3 µg/mL). Among all the isolates, T₃ showed antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ of 11.56 µg/mL and cytotoxicity with LD₅₀ of 12.5 µg/mL against HeLa and 30.25 µg/mL against PC-3 cell lines and was characterized as 2-ethynyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl) thiophene. DISCUSSION The new thienyl compound (T₃) exhibited profound antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity at relatively lower concentrations than the extract. CONCLUSION The observations provide support for the ethnobotanical use of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Gupta
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India.
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Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract of a marine sponge, Xestospongia sp., led to the isolation of a new thiophene-S-oxide acyclic sesterterpene (1). The chemical structure was extensively analyzed using NMR and mass spectral data. Compound 1 showed weak cytotoxicity against Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patchara Pedpradab
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Sciences and Fishery Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Trang Campus, Sikao, Trang 92150, Thailand.
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Abstract
Two new monoterpenoid glycosides, α-(E)-acaridiol 8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and α-(E)-acaridiol 9-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), as well as a new thiophen, 2-acetyl-3-hydroxy-5-(prop-1-ynyl)thiophen 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), were isolated from the roots of Eupatorium chinense. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic and chemical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Guevara Campos BMM, Torres Cirio A, Rivas Galindo VM, Salazar Aranda R, Waksman de Torres N, Pérez-López LA. Activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae of the essential oil and 5-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2, 2'-bithienyl isolated from Chrysactinia mexicana roots. Nat Prod Commun 2011; 6:1035-1038. [PMID: 21834252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential oil of Chrysactinia mexicana retrieved from the root bark was characterized by gas chromatography coupled to a mass detector. The compounds silphiperfol-5-ene, 7-epi- silphiperfol-5-ene, modheph-2-ene, alpha-isocomene, beta-isocomene and methyl-linoleate were identified. The principal compound (76.42%) could not be identified by the library and was further isolated through a reverse phase C-18 chromatography followed by silica gel chromatography and identified as 5-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithienyl. Both the oil and the isolated compound were tested for their antimicrobial activity against two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. MICs were 250 microg/mL and 125 microg/mL respectively. This is the first report about extraction of oil and compound 5-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2, 2'-bithienyl from roots of Chrysactinia mexicana as well as the determination of antimicrobial activity against S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Missiam Mezari Guevara Campos
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Química, Av. Pedro de Albay Manuel L. Barragán s/n, Cd. Universitaria, C.P. 66451, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
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Seredych M, Khine M, Bandosz TJ. Enhancement in dibenzothiophene reactive adsorption from liquid fuel via incorporation of sulfur heteroatoms into the nanoporous carbon matrix. ChemSusChem 2011; 4:139-147. [PMID: 21226224 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (DMDBT) from simulated diesel fuel was investigated with polymer-derived carbon matrices. Sulfur was incorporated to the carbon surface via a high-temperature hydrogen sulfide reduction of oxygen-containing groups. The resultant carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, thermal analysis, potentiometric titration, and elemental analysis. The selectivities for DBT and DMDBT adsorption were calculated with reference to naphthalene. The carbon matrices studied had comparable structures, hence, the effects of the sulfur functionalities were evident in an increase in dibenzothiophenes selectivity and the breakthrough capacity; this was especially visible at a breakthrough point where small pores are expected to be active in the adsorption process. Incorporation of sulfur atoms into the aromatic rings of the carbon matrix increases the ability of the surface to attract dibenzothiophenes via dispersive interactions (sulfur-sulfur bridges). Sulfur and sulfur-oxygen groups present in larger pores enhance the amount of adsorbed dibenzothiophenes via specific acid-base and polar interactions. They also contribute to the reactive adsorption of DBT and DMDBT (oxidized) and their chemisorption on the carbon surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykola Seredych
- The City College of New York, Department of Chemistry, New York, NY 10031, USA
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El-Aasr M, Fujiwara Y, Takeya M, Ikeda T, Tsukamoto S, Ono M, Nakano D, Okawa M, Kinjo J, Yoshimitsu H, Nohara T. Onionin A from Allium cepa inhibits macrophage activation. J Nat Prod 2010; 73:1306-1308. [PMID: 20597533 DOI: 10.1021/np100105u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Onionin A (1), a new, stable, sulfur-containing compound, was isolated from acetone extracts of bulbs of onion (Allium cepa), and its structure was characterized as 3,4-dimethyl-5-(1E-propenyl)-tetrahydrothiophen-2-sulfoxide-S-oxide, on the basis of the results of spectroscopic analysis. This compound showed the potential to suppress tumor-cell proliferation by inhibiting the polarization of M2 alternatively activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona El-Aasr
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto, Japan
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Li YG, Gao HS, Li WL, Xing JM, Liu HZ. In situ magnetic separation and immobilization of dibenzothiophene-desulfurizing bacteria. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100:5092-5096. [PMID: 19541480 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In situ cell separation and immobilization of bacterial cells for biodesulfurization were developed by using superparamagnetic Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles (NPs). The Fe(3)O(4) NPs were synthesized by coprecipitation followed by modification with ammonium oleate. The surface-modified NPs were monodispersed and the particle size was about 13 nm with 50.8 emu/g saturation magnetization. After adding the magnetic fluids to the culture broth, Rhodococcus erythropolis LSSE8-1 cells were immobilized by adsorption and then separated with an externally magnetic field. The maximum amount of cell mass adsorbed was about 530 g dry cell weight/g particles to LSSE8-1 cells. Analysis showed that the nanoparticles were strongly absorbed to the surface and coated the cells. Compared to free cells, the coated cells not only had the same desulfurizing activity but could also be easily separated from fermentation broth by magnetic force. Based on the adsorption isotherms and Zeta potential analysis, it was believed that oleate-modified Fe(3)O(4) NPs adsorbed bacterial cells mainly because of the nano-size effect and hydrophobic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 353, Beijing 100190, PR China
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Wang J, Xu F, Xie WJ, Mei ZJ, Zhang QZ, Cai J, Cai WM. The enhanced adsorption of dibenzothiophene onto cerium/nickel-exchanged zeolite Y. J Hazard Mater 2009; 163:538-543. [PMID: 18725176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 06/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The investigations for selective adsorption of dibenzothiophene (DBT) over Ce/Ni-loaded Y zeolites with the emphasis on the effect of Ce as a cocation in the Ni-loaded Y zeolite are carried out in an attempt to produce more effective adsorbents for the desulfurization from transportation fuels. The promotional effects of Ce and coexisting toluene in the model fuel as well as contact time and adsorbent dose on the adsorptive performance were examined. The sulfur uptake strongly depends on the amount of Ce in the zeolite structure. The sorption data is varied according to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The maximum sorption capacity by theoretically calculation is 22.2mg/g at 25 degrees C. The Langmuir constants b=5.82 mL/mg and the Freundlich constants K=1.042 L/mg and 1/n=0.4 are evaluated. Ni/Ce-loaded Y zeolites (NiCeY) and NiY, CeY, NaY zeolites were used as adsorbents for the removal of DBT from model fuel containing 500 mg/L sulfur with 5 vol% of toluene by a batch method under ambient conditions. NiCeY exhibits higher adsorptive selectivity for DBT than NiY and CeY, indicating that NiCeY is a more effective adsorbent to remove sulfur compounds from transportation fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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31
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Chen H, Zhang WJ, Chen JM, Cai YB, Li W. Desulfurization of various organic sulfur compounds and the mixture of DBT + 4,6-DMDBT by Mycobacterium sp. ZD-19. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:3630-4. [PMID: 17728128 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A new isolated dibenzothiophene (DBT) desulfurizing bacterium, identified as Mycobacterium sp. ZD-19 can utilize a wide range of organic sulfur compounds as a sole sulfur source. Thiophene (TH) or benzothiophene (BTH) was completely degraded by strain ZD-19 within 10h or 42 h, and 100% DBT or 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) was removed within 50h or 56 h, respectively. Diphenylsulfide (DPS) possessed the lowest desulfurization efficiencies with 60% being transformed within 50h and 80% at 90 h. The desulfurization activities of five substrates by resting cells are in order of TH>BTH>DPS>DBT>4,6-DMDBT. In addition, when DBT and 4,6-DMDBT were mixed, they could be simultaneously desulfurized by strain ZD-19. However, DBT appeared to be attacked prior to 4,6-DMDBT. The desulfurization rate of DBT or 4,6-DMDBT in mixture is lower than they are desulfurized separately, indicating that the substrate competitive inhibition is existent when DBT and 4,6-DMDBT are mixed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuquan Campus, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Biswas R, Dutta PK, Achari B, Bandyopadhyay D, Mishra M, Pramanik KC, Chatterjee TK. Isolation of pure compound R/J/3 from Pluchea indica (L.) Less. and its anti-amoebic activities against Entamoeba histolytica. Phytomedicine 2007; 14:534-7. [PMID: 17174538 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The plant Pluchea indica is known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-pyretic, hypoglycemic, diuretic and anti-microbial activities besides many other pharmacological activities. We have isolated and purified seven compounds from the methanolic root extract of this plant by column chromatography. The compounds were identified by spectroscopic analyses. The anti-amoebic activities of the pure compound R/J/3 was investigated against the HM1 strain of Entamoeba histolytica. The compound, R/J/3 showed the most pronounced anti-proliferative activity at a dose of 50 microg/ml. It also showed a marked activity on cell lysis of trophozoites, 4h after administration. The cell lytic activity was compared with metronidazole (5 microg/ml) as positive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Biswas
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
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Chu BL, Guo B, Zuo H, Wang Z, Lin JM. Simultaneous enantioseparation of antiparkinsonian medication Rotigotine and related chiral impurities by capillary zone electrophoresis using dual cyclodextrin system. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 46:854-9. [PMID: 17383843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A dual cyclodextrin (CD) system consisting of sulfated beta-CD (S-beta-CD) and methyl-beta-CD (M-beta-CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method was proposed to separate the antiparkinsonian drug Rotigotine ((-)-(S)-2-(N-propyl-N-2-thienylethylamino)-5-hydroxytetralin) and related chiral impurities (2-(N-propylamino)-5-hydroxytetralin, 2-(N-propylamino)-5-methoxytetralin). The method was optimized by varying the CD type, the buffer pH, individual CD concentration of the dual system and the ionic strength of background electrolyte. Under the optimum conditions, i.e. 2% (w/v) S-beta-CD and 2% (w/v) M-beta-CD in 100mM sodium phosphate (pH 2.5) as the running buffer, separation voltage -20 kV, detected at 200 nm and temperature controlled at 20 degrees C, a satisfactory separation of the six analytes was accomplished. The optimized method was validated for specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy and stability using sodium benzenesulfonate as the internal standard. The relative standard deviation for migration time was less than 0.58%, and 3.78% for peak area ratio. The linearity ranged from 0.005 to 0.25 mM. The recovery ranged from 95.9% to 108.3%. The limits of detection and limits of quantification for each enantiomer were 0.003 and 0.01 mM, respectively. This method was utilized for evaluating the chiral purity of five batches of Rotigotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Lin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Abstract
Six thiophenes were isolated and purified from ethanol extract of the roots of Echinops latifolius Tausch. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectral data. Among them, 5-(3-hydroxmethyl-3-isovaleroyloxyprop-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene (6) is a new compound, and 5-(3-hydroxy-4-isovaleroyloxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene (5) was isolated from this plant for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Research Department of Natural Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
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Fokialakis N, Osbrink WLA, Mamonov LK, Gemejieva NG, Mims AB, Skaltsounis AL, Lax AR, Cantrell CL. Antifeedant and toxicity effects of thiophenes from four Echinops species against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus. Pest Manag Sci 2006; 62:832-8. [PMID: 16791907 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Over 220 crude extracts from repositories generated from plants native to Greece and Kazakhstan were evaluated for termiticidal activity against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Emerging from this screening effort were bioactive extracts from two Greek species (Echinops ritro L. and Echinops spinosissimus Turra subsp. spinosissimus) and extracts from two Kazakhstan species (Echinops albicaulis Kar. & Kir. and Echinops transiliensis Golosh.). Fractionation and isolation of constituents from the most active extracts from each of the four species has been completed, resulting in the isolation of eight thiophenes possessing varying degrees of termiticidal activity. 2,2':5',2"-Terthiophene and 5'-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene demonstrated 100% mortality against C. formosanus within 9 days at 1 and 2 wt% concentrations respectively. In addition, all but two of the eight compounds tested were significantly different from the solvent controls in the filter paper consumption bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Fokialakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens 157 71, Greece
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Abstract
Three new photoactivated insecticidal thiophene derivatives, xanthopappins A-C (1-3), were isolated from Xanthopappus subacaulis, along with three known thiophene acetylenes, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-(E)-hept-5-ene-1,3-diynylthiophene (4), 5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-2-(E)-hept-5-ene-1,3-diynylthiophene (5), and 5-(1,2-diacetoxyethyl)-2-(E)-hept-5-ene-1,3-diynylthiophene (6). The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1-6 exhibited significant photoactivated insecticidal activity against the fourth-instar larvae of the Asian tiger mosquito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agriculture University, Wushan, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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Chobot V, Vytlacilová J, Kubicová L, Opletal L, Jahodár L, Laakso I, Vuorela P. Phototoxic activity of a thiophene polyacetylene from Leuzea carthamoides. Fitoterapia 2006; 77:194-8. [PMID: 16488556 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The thiophene polyacetylene (E)-1-[5-(hept-5-en-1,3-diynyl)-2-thienyl]ethan-1,2-diol, isolated from the roots of Leuzea carthamoides, showed phototoxic activity in the assay systems of histidine photo-oxidation, Artemia and Tubifex assays. The effects were compared with the standard photosensitizer xanthotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Chobot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
Extracts from 30 plants of the Greek flora were evaluated for their antifungal activity using direct bioautography assays with three Colletotrichum species. Among the bioactive extracts, the dichloromethane extract of the radix of Echinops ritro (Asteraceae) was the most potent. Bioassay-guided fractionation of this extract led to the isolation of eight thiophenes. Antifungal activities of isolated compounds together with a previously isolated thiophene from Echinops transiliensis were first evaluated by bioautography and subsequently evaluated in greater detail using a broth microdilution assay against plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum fragariae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phomopsis viticola, and Phomopsis obscurans. 5'-(3-Buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophen (1), alpha-terthienyl (2), and 2-[pent-1,3-diynyl]-5-[4-hydroxybut-1-ynyl]thiophene (5) at 3 and 30 microM were active against all three Colletotrichum species, F. oxysporum, P. viticola, and P. obscurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Fokialakis
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O.Box 8048, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
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Abstract
The hexane fraction from the roots of Echinops ellenbeckii O. Hoffm. from Ethiopia yielded seven acetylenic thiophenes of which five compounds (1, 3, 4, 6, 7) are reported for the first time in this species: the monothiophenes 5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-(but-3-en-1-ynyl)-thiophene (1), 5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-(4-acetoxy-but-1-ynyl)-thiophene (2), 5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-acetoxy-but-1-ynyl)-thiophene (3), 5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-(3,4-diacetoxy-but-1-ynyl)-thiophene (4), 5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-(3-chloro-4-acetoxy-but-1-ynyl)-thiophene (5), 5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-(3,4-epoxy-but-1-ynyl)-thiophene (6) and the dithiophene 5-[(5-acetoxymethyl-2-thienyl)-2-(but-3-en-1-ynyl)]-thiophene (7). Additionally, four fatty acids (C14, C15, C16 and C18), seven fatty acid esters and three long-chain hydrocarbons could be identified. All the structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data by GC-MS, HRMS and the NMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariaya Hymete
- The Plant Biocentre, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Di Gregorio S, Zocca C, Sidler S, Toffanin A, Lizzari D, Vallini G. Identification of two new sets of genes for dibenzothiophene transformation in Burkholderia sp. DBT1. Biodegradation 2004; 15:111-23. [PMID: 15068372 DOI: 10.1023/b:biod.0000015624.52954.b6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel genotype for the initial steps of the oxidative degradation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) is described in a Burkholderia sp. strain isolated from a drain receiving oil refinery wastewater. The strain is capable of transforming DBT with significant efficiency when compared to other microorganisms. Its genotype was discovered by investigating insertional mutants of genes involved in DBT degradation by the Kodama pathway. The cloned dbt genes show a novel genomic organization when compared to previously described genes capable of DBT catabolism in that they constitute two distinct operons and are not clustered in a single transcript. Sequence analysis suggests the presence of a sigma54-dependent positive transcriptional regulator that may be involved in the control of the transcription of the two operons, both activated by DBT. The achieved results suggest the possibility of novel features of DBT biotransformation in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Di Gregorio
- Department of Science and Technology, Laboratories of Microbial Biotechnology and Environmental Microbiology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15-Ca' Vignal, 1-37134 Verona, Italy
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Duan H, Takaishi Y, Tori M, Takaoka S, Honda G, Ito M, Takeda Y, Kodzhimatov OK, Kodzhimatov K, Ashurmetov O. Polysulfide derivatives from Ferula foetida. J Nat Prod 2002; 65:1667-1669. [PMID: 12444696 DOI: 10.1021/np010541h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction from a methanol extract of Ferula foetida has afforded six new sulfide derivatives, (E)-3-methylsulfinyl-2-propenyl sec-butyl disulfide (foetisulfide A) (1), (Z)-3-methylsulfinyloxy-2-propenyl sec-butyl disulfide (foetisulfide B) (2), (E)-3-methylsulfinyloxy-2-propenyl sec-butyl disulfide (foetisulfide C) (3), bis(3-methylthio-2E-propenyl) disulfide (foetisulfide D) (4), 3,4,5-trimethyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid (foetithiophene A) (5), 3,4,5-trimethyl-2-(methylsulfinyloxymethyl)thiophene (foetithiophene B) (6), along with six known compounds. The structures of 1-6 were established on the basis of spectroscopic studies, with the elucidation of 5 confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongquan Duan
- The College of Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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Jeong SJ, Higuchi R, Miyamoto T, Ono M, Kuwano M, Mawatari SF. Bryoanthrathiophene, a new antiangiogenic constituent from the bryozoan Watersipora subtorquata (d'Orbigny, 1852). J Nat Prod 2002; 65:1344-1345. [PMID: 12350162 DOI: 10.1021/np010577+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A new antiangiogenic compound, bryoanthrathiophene (1), together with two known compounds, 5,7-dihydroxy-1-methoxycarbonyl-6-oxo-6H-anthra[1,9-bc]thiophene (2) and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (3), was isolated from the bryozoan Watersipora subtorquata (d'Orbigny, 1852) using bioassay-guided fractionation methods. Among them, bryoanthrathiophene (1) exhibited the most potent antiangiogenic activity on BAEC (bovine aorta endothelial cell) proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei-Joon Jeong
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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43
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Abstract
A new thiophene-echinoynethiophene A (11), four new natural products, namely 5,5"-dichloro-alpha-terthiophene (1), 5-chloro-alpha-terthiophene (2), 5-acetyl alpha-terthiophene (3) and 5-carboxyl bithiophene (12), together with seven known thiophenes were isolated and purified from ethanol extract of roots of Echinops grijisii Hance. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
The ethyl acetate soluble part of hexane extract of Tridax procumbens yielded a new bis-bithiophene named tridbisbithiophene along with four known terpenoids: taraxasteryl acetate, beta-amyrenone, lupeol and oleanolic acid, which have never been reported so far from Tridax procumbens. The structures of all the isolated constituents were elucidated with the aid of 1D-NMR spectroscopy whereas, the structure of new constituent tridbisbithiophene was confirmed via COSY and HMBC interactions.
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Margl L, Tei A, Gyurján I, Wink M. GLC and GLC-mS analysis of thiophene derivatives in plants and in in vitro cultures of Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae). Z NATURFORSCH C 2002; 57:63-71. [PMID: 11926545 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2002-1-211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of thiophenic compounds in diverse plant organs and in in vitro root-, callus- and cell suspension cultures of Tagetes patula cv. Carmen was investigated using capillary GLC and GLC-MS. The separation of thiophenes by capillary GLC and the group specific MS fragmentation with the typical sulfur isotope peaks allowed the unequivocal assignment of individual thiophenes in complex mixtures, even when occurring in traces and in the presence of different geometrical isomers. The extracts of Tagetes patula cv. Carmen contained the following 8 thiophene compounds: 5-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithienyl (BBT), 5'-methyl-5-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithienyl (MeBBT), 5-(1-pentynyl)-2,2'-bithienyl (PBT), 5-(4-hydroxy-1-butynyl)-2,2'-bithienyl (BBTOH), 2,2',5,2"-terthienyl (alpha-T), 5-(4-acetoxy-1-butynyl)-2,2'-bithienyl (BBTOAc), 5-methylaceto-5'-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithienyl (AcOCH2BBT), and 5-(3,4-diacetoxy-1-butynyl)-2,2'-bithienyl (BBT(OAc)2). The most complex thiophene profile, including the less common PBT was detected in aerial parts of freshly harvested plant material. Under in vitro conditions only the root cultures, but not callus or cell suspension cultures produced substantial amounts of irregular thiophenes confirming that roots are the main site of thiophene biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Margl
- Research Institute for Medicinal Plants, Budakalász, Hungary.
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Abstract
A neutral inhibitor of the serine protease factor Xa was identified via a high-throughput screen of a commercial library. The initial lead 1 demonstrated reversible and competitive inhibition kinetics for factor Xa and possessed a high degree of selectivity versus other related serine proteases. Initial modeling efforts and the generation of a series of analogues of 1 are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Shrader
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Structural Chemistry and Enzymology, Axys Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 180 Kimball Way, 94080, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Vonk EC, Langeveld-Voss BM, van Dongen JL, Janssen RA, Claessens HA, Cramers CA. Separation and characterization of oligomers by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography: a study on well-defined oligothiphenes. J Chromatogr A 2001; 911:13-26. [PMID: 11269591 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)01247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used for the separation of 3-hexylthiophene oligomers in the range of 3 to 30 monomeric units, while systematically varying stationary and mobile phases. A set of different columns was chosen, covering a broad range of silica types, pore sizes and bonding chemistry. Mobile phases of tetrahydrofuran (THF) combined with water, acetonitrile (ACN) or methanol (MeOH) were used. Although differences between columns were small, a higher selectivity correlated with a lower hydrophobicity parameter from the Galushko column test. The model of Jandera, based on the linear solvent strength model of Snyder, was used to describe the retention of the oligomers in gradient mode. This gave information about selectivities on different stationary phases similar to the hydrophobicity parameter. Contrary to the stationary phase, the mobile phase had a major influence on the selectivity. The THF-water combination gave much higher selectivities compared to THF combined with MeOH or ACN. Using the aqueous mobile phase even enabled separation of different isomers. Determination of thermodynamic parameters for the model compounds showed that retention of the different isomers was mainly determined by the orientation of the side chains at both ends of the chain. An additional repeating unit in the middle of the polymer backbone gave a similar contribution to retention, irrespective of the orientation of its side chain. Three model isomers were separated by preparative RP-HPLC and identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The combination of subsequent preparative size-exclusion chromatography, RP-HPLC and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry enabled the identification of the two major oligomeric series in the sample as the regioregular product with one bromine end group and, in smaller amounts, a regioirregular product with two bromine end groups. reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Vonk
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
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Bressler DC, Fedorak PM. Purification, stability, and mineralization of 3-hydroxy-2- formylbenzothiophene, a metabolite of dibenzothiophene. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:821-6. [PMID: 11157249 PMCID: PMC92653 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.2.821-826.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Hydroxy-2-formylbenzothiophene (HFBT) is a metabolite found in many bacterial cultures that degrade dibenzothiophene (DBT) via the Kodama pathway. The fate of HFBT in cultures and in the environment is unknown. In this study, HFBT was produced by a DBT-degrading bacterium and purified by sublimation. When stored in organic solvent or as a crystal, the HFBT slowly decomposed, yielding colored products. Two of these were identified as thioindigo and cis-thioindigo. The supernatant of the DBT-degrading culture contained thioindigo, which has not been reported previously as a product of DBT biodegradation. In mineral salts medium, HFBT was sufficiently stable to allow biodegradation studies with a mixed microbial culture over a 3- to 4-week period. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses showed that HFBT was removed from the medium. 2-Mercaptophenylglyoxalate, detected as benzothiophene-2,3-dione, was found in an HFBT-degrading mixed culture, and the former appears to be a metabolite of HFBT. This mixed culture also mineralized HFBT to CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Bressler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
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Feleke Z, Sakakibara Y. Nitrate and pesticide removal by a combined bioelectrochemical/adsorption process. Water Sci Technol 2001; 43:25-33. [PMID: 11443969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Biological denitrification and trace pesticide removal in a combined biofilm-electrode reactor/adsorption process has been investigated. In long-term (more than 260 days) continuous experiments, influent and effluent concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, isoprothiolane and gas composition were measured at different electric current and pesticide loading conditions. Experimental results showed that complete and stable denitrification was achieved in BER without accumulation of nitrite and nitrous oxide. Isoprothiolane (IPT) was removed by adsorption onto either granular activated carbon or silicone resin. Removal efficiency of IPT exceeding 97% was achieved and effluent concentration was below the guideline value (40 micrograms/l). Theoretically predicted effluent concentrations were in good agreement with the observed results. From these results, it is concluded that the combined process is applicable to treat nitrate and pesticide contaminated drinking water. Moreover, from comparison with former studies, different possible options to further enhance the decomposition of pesticide were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Feleke
- Department of Civil Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu-shi, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
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50
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Stefanska AL, Fulston M, Houge-Frydrych CS, Jones JJ, Warr SR. A potent seryl tRNA synthetase inhibitor SB-217452 isolated from a Streptomyces species. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2000; 53:1346-53. [PMID: 11217799 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.53.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A potent inhibitor of seryl tRNA synthetase, designated SB-217452 has been isolated from Streptomyces sp. ATCC 700974. The fermentation, isolation, structure elucidation and some properties are described. SB-217452 showed inhibitory activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and rat seryl tRNA synthetases, with similar IC50 values of approximately 8 nM. The inhibitor is the serine linked nucleoside moiety of the antibiotic albomycin delta2. In contrast to albomycin delta2, SB-217452 showed only very weak antibacterial activity against a limited range of microorganisms. The compound has not been previously reported as a naturally occurring metabolite. In addition to SB-217452, albomycin delta2 Fe3+ complex and the novel Al3+ complex were isolated from the fermentation. These complexes had no seryl tRNA synthetase inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Stefanska
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, Essex, UK
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