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Anashkina AA, Petrushanko IY, Ziganshin RH, Orlov YL, Nekrasov AN. Entropy Analysis of Protein Sequences Reveals a Hierarchical Organization. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 23:1647. [PMID: 34945953 PMCID: PMC8700119 DOI: 10.3390/e23121647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analyzing the local sequence content in proteins, earlier we found that amino acid residue frequencies differ on various distances between amino acid positions in the sequence, assuming the existence of structural units. METHODS We used informational entropy of protein sequences to find that the structural unit of proteins is a block of adjacent amino acid residues-"information unit". The ANIS (ANalysis of Informational Structure) method uses these information units for revealing hierarchically organized Elements of the Information Structure (ELIS) in amino acid sequences. RESULTS The developed mathematical apparatus gives stable results on the structural unit description even with a significant variation in the parameters. The optimal length of the information unit is five, and the number of allowed substitutions is one. Examples of the application of the method for the design of protein molecules, intermolecular interactions analysis, and the study of the mechanisms of functioning of protein molecular machines are given. CONCLUSIONS ANIS method makes it possible not only to analyze native proteins but also to design artificial polypeptide chains with a given spatial organization and, possibly, function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A. Anashkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Irina Yu. Petrushanko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Rustam H. Ziganshin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (R.H.Z.); (A.N.N.)
| | - Yuriy L. Orlov
- The Digital Health Institute, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei N. Nekrasov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (R.H.Z.); (A.N.N.)
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Ruiz-Blanco YB, Ávila-Barrientos LP, Hernández-García E, Antunes A, Agüero-Chapin G, García-Hernández E. Engineering protein fragments via evolutionary and protein-protein interaction algorithms: de novo design of peptide inhibitors for F O F 1 -ATP synthase. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:183-194. [PMID: 33151544 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme subunit interfaces have remarkable potential in drug design as both target and scaffold for their own inhibitors. We show an evolution-driven strategy for the de novo design of peptide inhibitors targeting interfaces of the Escherichia coli FoF1-ATP synthase as a case study. The evolutionary algorithm ROSE was applied to generate diversity-oriented peptide libraries by engineering peptide fragments from ATP synthase interfaces. The resulting peptides were scored with PPI-Detect, a sequence-based predictor of protein-protein interactions. Two selected peptides were confirmed by in vitro inhibition and binding tests. The proposed methodology can be widely applied to design peptides targeting relevant interfaces of enzymatic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Guillermin Agüero-Chapin
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Chertkova RV, Brazhe NA, Bryantseva TV, Nekrasov AN, Dolgikh DA, Yusipovich AI, Sosnovtseva O, Maksimov GV, Rubin AB, Kirpichnikov MP. New insight into the mechanism of mitochondrial cytochrome c function. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178280. [PMID: 28562658 PMCID: PMC5451065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate functional role of the P76GTKMIFA83 fragment of the primary structure of cytochrome c. Based on the data obtained by the analysis of informational structure (ANIS), we propose a model of functioning of cytochrome c. According to this model, conformational rearrangements of the P76GTKMIFA83 loop fragment have a significant effect on conformational mobility of the heme. It is suggested that the conformational mobility of cytochrome c heme is responsible for its optimal orientation with respect to electron donor and acceptor within ubiquinol–cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), respectively, thus, ensuring electron transfer from complex III to complex IV. To validate the model, we design several mutant variants of horse cytochrome c with multiple substitutions of amino acid residues in the P76GTKMIFA83 sequence that reduce its ability to undergo conformational rearrangements. With this, we study the succinate–cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome c oxidase activities of rat liver mitoplasts in the presence of mutant variants of cytochrome c. The electron transport activity of the mutant variants decreases to different extent. Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) data demonstrate, that all mutant cytochromes possess heme with the higher degree of ruffling deformation, than that of the wild-type (WT) cytochrome c. The increase in the ruffled deformation of the heme of oxidized cytochromes correlated with the decrease in the electron transport rate of ubiquinol–cytochrome c reductase (complex III). Besides, all mutant cytochromes have lower mobility of the pyrrol rings and methine bridges, than WT cytochrome c. We show that a decrease in electron transport activity in the mutant variants correlates with conformational changes and reduced mobility of heme porphyrin. This points to a significant role of the P76GTKMIFA83 fragment in the electron transport function of cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita V. Chertkova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail: (RVC); (NAB)
| | - Nadezda A. Brazhe
- Biophysics Department, Biological faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail: (RVC); (NAB)
| | - Tatiana V. Bryantseva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Biophysics Department, Biological faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey N. Nekrasov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Dolgikh
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Biophysics Department, Biological faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander I. Yusipovich
- Biophysics Department, Biological faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Sosnovtseva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georgy V. Maksimov
- Biophysics Department, Biological faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei B. Rubin
- Biophysics Department, Biological faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Biophysics Department, Biological faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Assaran Darban R, Shareghi B, Asoodeh A, Chamani J. Multi-spectroscopic and molecular modeling studies of interaction between two different angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from gluten hydrolysate and human serum albumin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:3648-3662. [PMID: 27897084 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1264892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to characterize Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides which are released from the trypsin hydrolysate of wheat gluten protein. The binding of two inhibitory peptide (P4 and P6) to human serum albumin (HSA) under physiological conditions has been investigated by multi-spectroscopic in combination with molecular modeling techniques. Time-resolved and quenching fluorescence spectroscopies results revealed that the quenching of HSA fluorescence by P4 and P6 in the binary and ternary systems caused HSA-peptides complexes formation. The results indicated that both peptides quenched the fluorescence intensity of HSA through a static mechanism. The binding affinities and number of binding sites were obtained for the HSA-peptides complexes. The circular dichroism (CD) data revealed that the presence of both peptides increased the α-helix content of HSA and induced the remarkable folding of the polypeptide of the protein. Therefore, the CD data determined that the protein structure has been stabilized in the percent of ACE inhibitory peptides in binary and ternary systems. The binding distances between HSA and both peptides were estimated by the Forster theory, and it was revealed that nonradiative energy transfer from HSA to peptides occurred with a high probability. ITC experiments reveal that, in the absence and presence of P6, the dominant forces are electrostatic in binary and ternary systems. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies confirmed the experimental results. Molecular modeling investigation suggested that P4 bound to the site IA and IIA of HSA in binary and ternary systems, respectively. This study on the interaction of peptides with HSA should prove helpful for realizing the distribution and transportation of food compliments and drugs in vivo, elucidating the action mechanism and dynamics of food compliments and drugs at the molecular level. It should moreover be of great use for understanding the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanism of the food compliments and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Assaran Darban
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , University of Shahrekord , P.O. Box 115 , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Behzad Shareghi
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , University of Shahrekord , P.O. Box 115 , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Ahmad Asoodeh
- b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Jamshidkhan Chamani
- c Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Sciences , Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University , Mashhad , Iran
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Zhuang X, Lv M, Zhong Z, Zhang L, Jiang R, Chen J. Interplay between intergrin-linked kinase and ribonuclease inhibitor affects growth and metastasis of bladder cancer through signaling ILK pathways. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:130. [PMID: 27576342 PMCID: PMC5006283 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a multifunctional adaptor protein which is involved with protein signalling within cells to modulate malignant (cancer) cell movement, cell cycle, metastasis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our previous experiment demonstrated that ILK siRNA inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis of bladder cancer cells as well as increased the expression of Ribonuclease inhibitor (RI), an important cytoplasmic protein with many functions. We also reported that RI overexpression inhibited ILK and phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β. ILK and RI gene both locate on chromosome 11p15 and the two genes are always at the adjacent position of same chromosome during evolution, which suggest that ILK and RI could have some relationship. However, underlying interacting mechanisms remain unclear between them. Here, we postulate that RI might regulate ILK signaling pathway via interacting with ILK. Methods Co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down and co-localization under laser confocal microscope assay were used to determine the interaction between ILK and RI exogenously and endogenously. Furthermore, we further verified that there is a direct binding between the two proteins by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in cells. Next, The effects of interplay between ILK and RI on the key target protein expressions of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway were determined by western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assay in vivo and in vitro. Finally, the interaction was assessed using nude mice xenograft model. Results We first found that ILK could combine with RI both in vivo and in vitro by GST pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and FRET. The protein levels of ILK and RI revealed a significant inverse correlation in vivo and in vitro. Subsequently, The results showed that up-regulating ILK could increase cell proliferation, change cell morphology and regulate cell cycle. We also demonstrated that the overexpression of ILK remarkably promoted EMT and expressions of target molecules of ILK signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we found that ILK overexpression significantly enhanced growth, metastasis and angiogenesis of xenograft tumor; Whereas, RI has a contrary role compared to ILK in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions Our findings, for the first time, directly proved that the interplay between ILK and RI regulated EMT via ILK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways for bladder cancer, which highlights the possibilities that ILK/RI could be valuable markers together for the therapy and diagnosis of human carcinoma of urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhuang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mengxin Lv
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhong
- The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Luyu Zhang
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junxia Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Tripathy DR, Pandey NK, Dinda AK, Ghosh S, Singha Roy A, Dasgupta S. An insight into the ribonucleolytic and antiangiogenic activity of buffalo lactoferrin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 33:184-95. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2013.865564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Angiogenin interacts with ribonuclease inhibitor regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in bladder cancer cells. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2782-92. [PMID: 25193113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenin (ANG), a member of RNase A superfamily, is the only angiogenic factor that possesses ribonucleolytic activity. Recent studies showed that the expression of ANG was elevated in various types of cancers. Accumulating evidence indicates that ANG plays an essential role in cancer progression by stimulating both cancer cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Human ribonuclease inhibitor (RI), a cytoplasmic protein, is constructed almost entirely of leucine rich repeats (LRRs), which are present in a large family of proteins that are distinguished by their display of vast surface areas to foster protein-protein interactions. RI might be involved in unknown biological effects except inhibiting RNase A activity. The experiment demonstrated that RI also could suppress activity of angiogenin (ANG) through closely combining with it in vitro. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway exerts a key role in cell growth, survival, proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. We recently reported that up-regulating RI inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis of murine melanoma cells through repression of angiogenin and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. However, ANG receptors have not yet been identified to date, its related signal transduction pathways are not fully clear and underlying interacting mechanisms between RI and ANG remain largely unknown. Therefore, we hypothesize that RI might combine with intracellular ANG to block its nuclear translocation and regulate PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit biological functions of ANG. Here, we reported for the first time that ANG could interact with RI endogenously and exogenously by using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and GST pull-down. Furthermore, we observed the colocalization of ANG and RI in cells with immunofluorescence staining under laser confocal microscope. Moreover, through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay, we further confirmed that these two proteins have a physical interaction in living cells. Subsequently, we demonstrated that up-regulating ANG including ANG His37Ala mutant obviously decreased RI expression and activated phosphorylation of key downstream target molecules of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Finally, up-regulating ANG led to the promotion of tumor angiogenesis, tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Taken together, our data provided a novel mechanism of ANG in regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway via RI, which suggested a new therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Down-regulating ribonuclease inhibitor enhances metastasis of bladder cancer cells through regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and ILK signaling pathway. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 96:411-21. [PMID: 24768914 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences implicate that ribonuclease inhibitor (RI) plays a suppressing role in cancer development. However, the mechanisms underlying antitumor of RI remain largely unknown. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is regarded as a key event in tumor progression. The reports have demonstrated that EMT was implicated in metastasis of bladder cancer. Therefore, we suppose that RI might involve regulating EMT of bladder cancer. Here bladder cancer T24 cells were transfected with pGensil-1-siRNA-RI vectors. HE staining, living cell observation, Phalloidine-FITC staining of microfilament, cell adhesion, scratch migration, and Matrigel invasion were examined respectively. RI expression and colocalization with ILK were detected using confocal microscope. Proteins associated with EMT were determined with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry in vivo and in vitro. Effects of RI expression on tumor growth, metastasis and EMT related proteins in BALB/C nude mouse and clinical human bladder cancer specimens were valued with histological, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent examination respectively. We demonstrated that down-regulating RI increased cell proliferation, migration and invasion, changed cell morphology and adhesion, and rearranged cytoskeleton by inducing EMT and ILK signaling pathway in bladder cancer cells. In addition, we showed that down-regulating RI promoted tumorigenesis and metastasis of bladder cancer in vivo. Finally, we found that bladder cancer with invasive capability had higher Vimentin, Snail, Slug and Twist as well as lower E-cadherin and RI expression in clinical human specimens. Our results suggest that RI could play a novel role in inhibiting metastasis of bladder through regulating EMT and ILK signaling pathway.
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Li L, Pan XY, Shu J, Jiang R, Zhou YJ, Chen JX. Ribonuclease inhibitor up-regulation inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis in murine melanoma cells through repression of angiogenin and ILK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Biochimie 2014; 103:89-100. [PMID: 24769129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Human ribonuclease inhibitor (RI), a cytoplasmic protein, is constructed almost entirely of leucine rich repeats. RI could suppress activities of ribonuclease and angiogenin (ANG) through closely combining with them. ANG is a potent inducer of blood vessel growth and has been implicated in the establishment, growth, and metastasis of tumors. ILK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway also plays important roles in cell growth, cell-cycle progression, tumor angiogenesis, and cell apoptosis. Our previous experiments demonstrated that RI might effectively inhibit some tumor growth and metastasis. Our recent study showed that ILK siRNA inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells as well as increased RI expression, which suggest a correlation between RI and ILK. However, the exact molecular mechanism of RI in anti-tumor and in the cross-talk of ANG and ILK signaling pathway remains largely unknown. Here we investigated the effects of up-regulating RI on the growth and apoptosis in murine melanoma cells through angiogenin and ILK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. We demonstrated that up-regulating RI obviously decreased ANG expression and activity. We also discovered that RI overexpression could remarkably inhibit cell proliferation, regulate cell cycle and induce apoptosis. Furthermore, up-regulation of RI inhibited phosphorylation of ILK downstream signaling targets protein kinase B/Akt, glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK-3β), and reduced β-catenin expression in vivo and vitro. More importantly, RI significant inhibited the tumor growth and angiogenesis of tumor bearing C57BL/6 mice. In conclusion, our findings, for the first time, suggest that angiogenin and ILK signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in mediating the inhibitory effects of RI on melanoma cells growth. This study identifies that RI may be a useful molecular target for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xiang-Yang Pan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jing Shu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yu-Jian Zhou
- The Experimental Teaching Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jun-Xia Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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A novel role of ribonuclease inhibitor in regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and ILK signaling pathway in bladder cancer cells. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 353:409-23. [PMID: 23703635 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human ribonuclease inhibitor (RI) is a cytoplasmic acidic protein possibly involved in biological functions other than the inhibition of RNase A and angiogenin activities. We have previously shown that RI can inhibit growth and metastasis in some cancer cells. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is regarded as the beginning of invasion and metastasis and has been implicated in the metastasis of bladder cancer. We therefore postulate that RI regulates EMT of bladder cancer cells. We find that the over-expression of RI induces the up-regulation of E-cadherin, accompanied with the decreased expression of proteins associated with EMT, such as N-cadherin, Snail, Slug, vimentin and Twist and of matrix metalloprotein-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and Cyclin-D1, both in vitro and in vivo. The up-regulation of RI inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion, alters cell morphology and adhesion and leads to the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton in vitro. We also demonstrate that the up-regulation of RI can decrease the expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a central component of signaling cascades controlling an array of biological processes. The over-expression of RI reduces the phosphorylation of the ILK downstream signaling targets p-Akt and p-GSK3β in T24 cells. We further find that bladder cancer with a high-metastasis capability shows higher vimentin, Snail, Slug and Twist and lower E-cadherin and RI expression in human clinical specimens. Finally, we provide evidence that the up-regulation of RI inhibits tumorigenesis and metastasis of bladder cancer in vivo. Thus, RI might play a novel role in the development of bladder cancer through regulating EMT and the ILK signaling pathway.
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Moldogazieva NT, Terentiev AA, Antonov MY, Kazimirsky AN, Shaitan KV. Correlation between biological activity and conformational dynamics properties of tetra- and pentapeptides derived from fetoplacental proteins. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 77:469-84. [PMID: 22813588 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912050070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, using molecular dynamics simulation, we study conformational and dynamic properties of biologically active penta- and tetrapeptides derived from fetoplacental proteins such as alpha-fetoprotein, pregnancy specific β1-glycoprotein, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Existence of correlation between flexibility of peptide backbone and biological activity of the investigated peptides was shown. It was also demonstrated that flexibility of peptide backbone depends not only on its length, but also on the presence of reactive functional groups in amino acid side chains that participate in intramolecular interactions. Peptides that demonstrate similar biological effects in regulation of proliferation of lymphocytes and expression of differentiation antigens on their surface (LDSYQCT, PYECE, YECE, and YVCE) are characterized by rigidity of their peptide backbone. Increased backbone flexibility in peptides PYQCE, YQCE, SYKCE, YQCT, YQCS, YVCS, YACS, and YACE is correlated with decreased biological activity. Conformational mobility of amino acid residues does not depend on physicochemical properties only, but also on intramolecular interactions. So, evolutionary restrictions should exist to maintain such interactions in the environment of functionally important sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Moldogazieva
- Russian State Medical University, ul. Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
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Hosainzadeh A, Gharanfoli M, Saberi M, Chamani J. Probing the interaction of human serum albumin with bilirubin in the presence of aspirin by multi-spectroscopic, molecular modeling and zeta potential techniques: insight on binary and ternary systems. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2012; 29:1013-50. [PMID: 22292958 DOI: 10.1080/073911012010525029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on the effect of aspirin (ASA), on the binding parameters with regard to bilirubin (BR) to human serum albumin (HSA). Two different classes of binding sites were detected. Binding to the first and second classes of the binding sites was dominated by hydrophobic forces in the case of HSA-BR, whereas in the case of the ternary system, binding to the first and second classes of the binding sites was achieved by electrostatic interaction. The binding constant (K(a)) and number of binding site (n) obtained were 1.6 × 10(6)M(-1) and 0.98, respectively, for the primary binding site in the case of HSA-BR, and 3.7 × 10(6)M(-1) and 0.84, respectively, in the presence of ASA (ternary complex) at λ(ex)= 280 nm. The progressive quenching of the protein fluorescence as the BR concentration increased indicated an arrangement of the domain IIA in HSA. Changes in the environment of the aromatic residues were also observed by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS). Changes of the secondary structure of HSA involving a decrease of α-helical and β-sheet contents and increased amounts of turns and unordered conformations were mainly found at high concentrations of BR. For the first time, the relationship between the structural parameters of HSA-BR by RLS for determining the critical induced aggregation concentration (C(CIAC)) of BR in the absence and presence of ASA was investigated, and there was a more significant enhancement in the case of the ternary mixture as opposed to the binary one. Changes in the zeta potential of HSA and the HSA-ASA complex in the presence of BR demonstrated a hydrophobic adsorption of this anionic ligand onto the surface of HSA in the binary system as well as both electrostatic and hydrophobic adsorption in the case of the ternary complex. By performing docking experiments, it was found that the acting forces between BR and HSA were mainly hydrophobic > hydrogen bonding > electrostatic interactions, and consequently BR had a long storage time in blood plasma, especially in the presence of ASA. This was due to the electrostatic interaction force between the BR and HSA being stronger in (HSA-ASA) BR than in the HSA-BR complex. In addition, it was demonstrated that, in the presence of ASA, the first binding site of BR on HSA was altered, but the parameters of binding did not become significantly modified, and thus the affinity of BR barely changed with and without ASA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Hosainzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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Alijanianzadeh M, Saboury AA, Ganjali MR, Hadi-Alijanvand H, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase by a newly synthesized ligand: inhibition kinetics and computational simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2012; 30:448-59. [PMID: 22686596 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2012.682210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the synthesis of melanin contribute to a number of diseases; therefore, the design of new tyrosinase inhibitors is very important. Mushroom tyrosinase (MT) is a metalloenzyme, which plays an important role in melanin biosynthesis. In this study, the inhibitory effect of a novel designed compound, i.e. 2-((1Z)-(2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazin-1-ylidene)methyl)phenol, as a specific ligand which can bind to the copper ion of MT, has been assessed. The ligand was found to competitively inhibit both the cresolase and catecholase activities of MT, with small inhibition constants of 2.8 and 2.6 μM, respectively. Intrinsic fluorescence studies were performed to gain more information on the binding constants. Docking results indicated that the ligand binds to copper ions in the active site of MT via the OH group of the ligand. The ligand makes four hydrogen bonds with aspartic acid and one hydrogen bond with the histidine residue in the active site. Molecular dynamics results show that ligand binds to the MT via both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with its different parts.
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14
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Pan X, Xiong D, Yao X, Xin Y, Zhang L, Chen J. RETRACTED: Up-regulating ribonuclease inhibitor inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in murine melanoma cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:998-1008. [PMID: 22465710 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).
This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. The journal was notified about discrepancies in Figures 6C, 3C, 3E and 6A where a number of images had been inappropriately duplicated https://pubpeer.com/publications/16B7F676D60092A7A05400BE4DFE8E#3. Upon further investigation and discussion with the authors, insufficient evidence was provided to support a reasonable explanation for these discrepancies. As the concerns around these datasets are likely to affect the overall conclusions of the paper, the Editor-in-Chief has decided to retract the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Pan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
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15
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Divsalar A, Saboury AA, Ahadi L, Zemanatiyar E, Mansouri-Torshizi H, Ajloo D, Sarma RH. Biological evaluation and interaction of a newly designed anti-cancer Pd(II) complex and human serum albumin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2012; 29:283-96. [PMID: 21875149 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2011.10507385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of any drug will depend, largely, on the interaction that has with human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant plasma protein. The interaction between newly synthesized Pd(II) complexe, 2,2'-bipyridin Butylglycinato Pd(II) nitrate, an anti-tumor component, with HSA was studied at different temperatures by fluorescence, far UV circular dichroism (CD), UV-visible spectrophotometry and theoretical approaches. The Pd(II) complex has a strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA through a dynamic quenching procedure. The binding parameters and thermodynamic parameters, including δH°, δS° and δG° were calculated by fluorescence quenching method, indicated that hydrophobic forces play a major role in the interaction of Pd(II) complex with HSA. Based on Autodock, FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) and fluorescence quenching data, it may be concluded that one of the binding sites in the complex of HSA is near the only one Trp of HSA (Trp214) in sub domain IIA of the protein. Far-UV-CD results indicated that Pd(II)-complex induced increase in the α-helical content of the protein. The anti-tumor property of the synthesized Pd(II) complex was studied by testing it on human tumor cell line K562. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (Cc₅₀) of complex was determined using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Also, fluorescence staining with DAPI (4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) revealed some typical nuclear changes that are characteristic of apoptosis which is induced at Cc₅₀ concentration of Pd(II) complex in K562 cell line after 24 h incubation. Our results suggest that Pd(II) complex is a promising anti-proliferative agent and should execute its biological effects by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleh Divsalar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran. Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Abstract
Cardiac troponin C (cTnC) is the Ca²⁺ dependent switch for contraction in heart muscle making it a potential target for drug research in the therapy of heart failure. Calcium binding on Troponin C (TnC) triggers a series of conformational changes exposing a hydrophobic pocket in the N-domain of TnC (cNTnC), which leads to force generation. Mutations and acidic pH have been related to altering the sensitivity of TnC affecting the efficiency of the heart. Bepridil, identified as a calcium sensitizer to TnC, has been experimentally found to bind to the N-domain pocket of TnC but with negative cooperativity. Screening and de novo design were carried out using LUDI and AUTOLUDI programs in this work to identify and design potential ligands that can bind to the hydrophobic pocket of TnC. Two docking centers and multiple searching radii including 5 Å, 5.5 Å, 6 Å, 6.5 Å, 7.0 Å and 7.5 Å were used in LUDI to screen the ZINC database. Based on the LUDI docking results, 8 molecules were identified from the database with good potential to bind into the binding pocket and they were used as template molecules to generate a series of new molecules by AUTOLUDI design. Out of all the newly-designed molecules, 14 new ligands were recognized to be potential ligands that can bind and fit well into the binding pocket. These molecules can be used as starting molecules to develop TnC ligands. The binding stability and binding affinity of these molecules to the protein was further analyzed by molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the binding energies, interactions and complex stabilities of 6 ligands are comparable to or better than bepridil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson F Varguhese
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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17
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Pai S, Das M, Banerjee R, Dasgupta D. Biphasic association of T7 RNA polymerase and a nucleotide analogue, cibacron blue as a model to understand the role of initiating nucleotide in the mechanism of enzyme action. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2011; 29:153-64. [PMID: 21696231 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2011.10507380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) is an enzyme that utilizes ribonucleotides to synthesize the nascent RNA chain in a template-dependent manner. Here we have studied the interaction of T7 RNAP with cibacron blue, an anthraquinone monochlorotriazine dye, its effect on the function of the enzyme and the probable mode of binding of the dye. We have used difference absorption spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry to show that the dye binds T7 RNAP in a biphasic manner. The first phase of the binding is characterized by inactivation of the enzyme. The second binding site overlaps with the common substrate-binding site of the enzyme. We have carried out docking experiment to map the binding site of the dye in the promoter bound protein. Competitive displacement of the dye from the high affinity site by labeled GTP and isothermal titration calorimetry of high affinity GTP bound enzyme with the dye suggests a strong correlation between the high affinity dye binding and the high affinity GTP binding in T7 RNAP reported earlier from our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Pai
- Biophysics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
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18
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Chang TT, Sun MF, Chen HY, Tsai FJ, Fisher M, Lin JG, Chen CYC. Screening from the world's largest TCM database against H1N1 virus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2011; 28:773-86. [PMID: 21294588 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2011.10508605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The swine influenza virus (H1N1) 2009 pandemic highlights the importance of having effective anti-viral strategies. Recently, oseltamivir (Tamiflu) resistant influenza viruses are identified; which further emphasizes the urgency in developing new antiviral agents. In influenza virus replication cycle, viral surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin, is responsible for viral entry into host cells. Hence, a potentially effective antiviral strategy is to inhibit viral entry mechanism. To develop novel antiviral agent that inhibits viral entry, we analyzed 20,000 traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) ingredients in hemagglutinin subtype H1 sialic acid binding site found on H1N1 virus. We then performed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate receptor-ligand interaction of the candidates obtained from docking. Here, we report three TCM derivatives that have high binding affinities to H1 sialic acid binding site residues based on structure-based calculations. The top three derivatives, xylopine_2, rosmaricine_14 and rosmaricine_15, all have an amine group that interact with Glu83 and a pyridinium group that interact with Asp103. Molecular dynamics simulations show that these derivatives form strong hydrogen bonding with Glu83 but interact transiently with Asp103. We therefore suggest that an enhanced hemagglutinin inhibitor, based on our scaffold, should be designed to bind both Glu83 and Asp103 with high affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Ti Chang
- Laboratory of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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19
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Li P, Tan JJ, Liu M, Zhang XY, Chen WZ, Wang CX. Insight into the Inhibitory Mechanism and Binding Mode Between D77 and HIV-1 Integrase by Molecular Modeling Methods. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2011; 29:311-23. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2011.10507387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Khan SH, Ahmad F, Ahmad N, Flynn DC, Kumar R. Protein-protein interactions: principles, techniques, and their potential role in new drug development. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2011; 28:929-38. [PMID: 21469753 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2011.10508619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A vast network of genes is inter-linked through protein-protein interactions and is critical component of almost every biological process under physiological conditions. Any disruption of the biologically essential network leads to pathological conditions resulting into related diseases. Therefore, proper understanding of biological functions warrants a comprehensive knowledge of protein-protein interactions and the molecular mechanisms that govern such processes. The importance of protein-protein interaction process is highlighted by the fact that a number of powerful techniques/methods have been developed to understand how such interactions take place under various physiological and pathological conditions. Many of the key protein-protein interactions are known to participate in disease-associated signaling pathways, and represent novel targets for therapeutic intervention. Thus, controlling protein-protein interactions offers a rich dividend for the discovery of new drug targets. Availability of various tools to study and the knowledge of human genome have put us in a unique position to understand highly complex biological network, and the mechanisms involved therein. In this review article, we have summarized protein-protein interaction networks, techniques/methods of their binding/kinetic parameters, and the role of these interactions in the development of potential tools for drug designing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta H Khan
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Commonwealth Medical College, 501 Madison Avenue, Scranton, PA 18510, USA
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21
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Wang Y, Bian F, Deng S, Shi Q, Ge M, Wang S, Zhang X, Xu S. The key residues of active sites on the catalytic fragment for paclitaxel interacting with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2011; 28:881-93. [PMID: 21469749 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2011.10508615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is regarded as a target protein for paclitaxel (PTX) to bind. An important issue is to identify the key residues as active sites for PTX interacting with PARP, which will help to understand the potential drug activity of PTX against cancer cells. Using docking method and MD simulation, we have constructed a refined structure of PTX docked on the catalytic function domain of PARP (PDB code: 1A26). The residues Glu327(988), Tyr246(907), Lys242(903), His165(826), Asp105(766), Gln102(763) and Gln98(759) in PARP are identified as potential sites involved in interaction with PTX according to binding energy (E(b)) between PTX and single residue calculated with B3LYP/6-31G(d,p). These residues form an active binding pocket located on the surface of the catalytic fragment, possibly interacting with the required groups of PTX leading to its activity against cancer cells. It is noted that most of the active sites make conatct with the "southern hemisphere" of PTX except for one residue, Tyr246(907), which interacts with the "northern hemisphere" of PTX. The conformation of PTX in complex with the catalytic fragment is observed as being T-shaped, similar to that complexed with β-tubulin. The total Eb of -269.9 kJ/mol represents the potent interaction between PTX and the catalytic fragment, implying that PTX can readily bind to the active pocket. The tight association of PTX with the catalytic fragment would inhibit PARP activation, suggesting a potential application of PTX as an effective antineoplastic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Resource, College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
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22
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Omidvar Z, Parivar K, Sanee H, Amiri-Tehranizadeh Z, Baratian A, Saberi MR, Asoodeh A, Chamani J. Investigations with Spectroscopy, Zeta Potential and Molecular Modeling of the Non-Cooperative Behaviour Between Cyclophosphamide Hydrochloride and Aspirin upon Interaction with Human Serum Albumin: Binary and Ternary Systems from the View Point of Multi-Drug Therapy. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2011; 29:181-206. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2011.10507382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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23
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Cortopassi WA, Oliveira AA, Guimarães AP, Rennó MN, Krettli AU, França TC. Docking Studies on the Binding of Quinoline Derivatives and Hematin toPlasmodium FalciparumLactate Dehydrogenase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2011; 29:207-18. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2011.10507383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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24
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Ramalho TC, Caetano MS, Josa D, Luz GP, Freitas EA, da Cunha EFF. Molecular Modeling ofMycobacterium TuberculosisdUTpase: Docking and Catalytic Mechanism Studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2011; 28:907-17. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2011.10508617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Pankratov AN, Tsivileva OM, Drevko BI, Nikitina VE. Compounds of the 1,5-di(4-R-phenyl)-3-selenopentanediones-1,5 series interaction with the BasidiomyceteLentinula edodes, lectins: Computations and Experiment. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2011; 28:969-74. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2011.10508622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Atri MS, Saboury AA, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Goliaei B, Sefidbakht Y, Alijanvand HH, Sharifzadeh A, Niasari-Naslaji A. Structure and Stability Analysis of Cytotoxic Complex of Camel α-Lactalbumin and Unsaturated Fatty Acids Produced at High Temperature. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2011; 28:919-28. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2011.10508618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Zhuohang M, Ji L, Hongwei Y. Modeling of Transition State by Molecular Dynamics. Prediction of Catalytic Efficiency of the Mutants of Mandelate Racemase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2011; 28:871-9. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2011.10508614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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28
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Xu S, Chi S, Jin Y, Shi Q, Ge M, Wang S, Zhang X. Molecular dynamics simulation and density functional theory studies on the active pocket for the binding of paclitaxel to tubulin. J Mol Model 2011; 18:377-91. [PMID: 21537957 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is used to treat various cancers, but it also causes serious side effects and resistance. To better design similar compounds with less toxicity and more activity against drug-resistant tumors, it is important to clearly understand the PTX-binding pocket formed by the key residues of active sites on β-tubulin. Using a docking method, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and density functional theory (DFT), we identified some residues (such as Arg278, Asp26, Asp226, Glu22, Glu27, His229, Arg369, Lys218, Ser277 and Thr276) on β-tubulin that are the active sites responsible for interaction with PTX. Another two residues, Leu371 and Gly279, also likely serve as active sites. Most of these sites contact with the "southern hemisphere" of PTX; only one key residue interacts with the "northern hemisphere" of PTX. These key residues can be divided into four groups, which serve as active compositions in the formation of an active pocket for PTX binding to β-tubulin. This active binding pocket enables a very strong interaction (the strength is predicted to be in the range of -327.8 to -365.7 kJ mol(-1)) between β-tubulin and PTX, with various orientated conformations. This strong interaction means that PTX possesses a high level of activity against cancer cells, a result that is in good agreement with the clinical mechanism of PTX. The described PTX pocket and key active residues will be applied to probe the mechanism of tumor cells resistant to PTX, and to design novel analogs with superior properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Resource, College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
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Vahedian-Movahed H, Saberi MR, Chamani J. Comparison of Binding Interactions of Lomefloxacin to Serum Albumin and Serum Transferrin by Resonance Light Scattering and Fluorescence Quenching Methods. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2011; 28:483-502. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2011.10508590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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