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Han C, Song S, Cui C, Cai Y, Zhou Y, Wang J, Bei W, Zhang D, Guo W, Wang S. Strain-Specific Benefits of Bacillus Probiotics in Hybrid Grouper: Growth Enhancement, Metabolic Health, Immune Modulation, and Vibrio harveyi Resistance. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1062. [PMID: 38612301 PMCID: PMC11011011 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the realm of modern aquaculture, the utilization of probiotics has gained prominence, primarily due to their ability to enhance growth, boost immunity, and prevent diseases in aquatic species. This study primarily investigates the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis strains, both host-derived and from other sources, in influencing fish growth, immunity, lipid metabolism, and disease resistance. Employing a 42-day feeding trial, we divided hybrid grouper into four distinct groups: a control group on a basal diet and three experimental groups supplemented with 1 × 108 CFU/g of different Bacillus subtilis strains-BS, 6-3-1, and HAINUP40. Remarkably, the study demonstrated that the 6-3-1 and HAINUP40 groups exhibited significant enhancements across key growth parameters: final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), feed intake (FI), feed efficiency ratio (FER), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The investigation into lipid metabolism revealed that the 6-3-1 strain upregulated seven metabolism-related genes, HAINUP40 affected four metabolism-related genes, and the BS strain influenced two metabolism-related genes, indicating diverse metabolic impacts by different strains. Further, a notable reduction in liver enzymes AST and ALT was observed across all supplemented groups, implying improved liver health. Noteworthy was the BS strain's superior antioxidative capabilities, positively affecting all four measured parameters (CAT, GSH-Px, MDA). In the sphere of immune-related gene expression, the BS strain significantly decreased the expression of both inflammation and apoptosis-related genes, whereas the HAINUP40 strain demonstrated an upregulation in these genes. The challenge test results were particularly telling, showcasing improved survival rates against Vibrio harveyi infection in the BS and 6-3-1 groups, unlike the HAINUP40 group. These outcomes highlight the strain-specific nature of probiotics and their varying mechanisms of action within the host. In conclusion, this study reveals that probiotic strains, varying by source, demonstrate unique, strain-specific effects in promoting growth and modulating immunity in hybrid grouper. This research highlights the promise of tailored probiotic applications in improving aquaculture practices. Such advancements contribute to more sustainable and efficient fish farming methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congjie Han
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shizhen Song
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Congcong Cui
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Weilie Bei
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Weiliang Guo
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Chillemi G, Anselmi M, Sanna N, Padrin C, Balducci L, Cammarata M, Pace E, Chergui M, Benfatto M. Dynamic multiple-scattering treatment of X-ray absorption: Parameterization of a new molecular dynamics force field for myoglobin. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2018; 5:054101. [PMID: 30246048 PMCID: PMC6135643 DOI: 10.1063/1.5031806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed analysis of the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) data on the Fe K-edge of CO Myoglobin based on a combined procedure of Molecular Dynamics (MD) calculations and MXAN (Minuit XANes) data analysis that we call D-MXAN. The ability of performing quantitative XANES data analysis allows us to refine classical force field MD parameters, thus obtaining a reliable tool for the atomic investigation of this important model system for biological macromolecules. The iterative procedure here applied corrects the greatest part of the structural discrepancy between classical MD sampling and experimental determinations. Our procedure, moreover, is able to discriminate between different heme conformational basins visited during the MD simulation, thus demonstrating the necessity of a sampling on the order of tens of nanoseconds, even for an application such X-ray absorption spectroscopy data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Chillemi
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: , Telephone: +39 06 44486 706 and , Telephone: +39–06-9403–2884
| | - Massimiliano Anselmi
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Cristiano Padrin
- CINECA, SuperComputing Applications and Innovation Department, Via dei Tizii 6, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Lodovico Balducci
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, Univ. Bretagne Loire, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, Rennes F-35042, France
| | - Marco Cammarata
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, Univ. Bretagne Loire, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, Rennes F-35042, France
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN- Via E. Fermi 44, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - Majed Chergui
- Lab. of Ultrafast Spectroscopy (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Benfatto
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN- Via E. Fermi 44, 00044 Frascati, Italy
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Chillemi G, Pace E, D'Abramo M, Benfatto M. Equilibrium between 5- and 6-Fold Coordination in the First Hydration Shell of Cu(II). J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:3958-65. [PMID: 27195961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b03569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hydration structure dynamics of Cu(II) ion is characterized by a combination of classical molecular dynamics simulation and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. Previous experimental data have been analyzed on the basis of 5- or 6-fold first hydration structure, with a quite well-established equatorial structure. This 4-fold equatorial geometry has been our starting point to develop a simple but effective in silico model, which provides ab initio theoretical X-ray absorption spectra in very good agreement with the experimental data. Our results point out two equally populated 6- and 5-fold hydration structures with remarkable different water residence times of 5 and 98 ps, respectively, and a low free energy barrier between first and second hydration shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Chillemi
- SCAI SuperComputing Applications and Innovation Department , Cineca Via dei Tizii, 6. 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati-INFN , Post Office Box 13, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - Marco D'Abramo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , Ple A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Benfatto
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati-INFN , Post Office Box 13, 00044 Frascati, Italy
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Pratt AJ, DiDonato M, Shin DS, Cabelli DE, Bruns CK, Belzer CA, Gorringe AR, Langford PR, Tabatabai LB, Kroll JS, Tainer JA, Getzoff ED. Structural, Functional, and Immunogenic Insights on Cu,Zn Superoxide Dismutase Pathogenic Virulence Factors from Neisseria meningitidis and Brucella abortus. J Bacteriol 2015; 197:3834-47. [PMID: 26459556 PMCID: PMC4652047 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00343-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bacterial pathogens Neisseria meningitidis and Brucella abortus pose threats to human and animal health worldwide, causing meningococcal disease and brucellosis, respectively. Mortality from acute N. meningitidis infections remains high despite antibiotics, and brucellosis presents alimentary and health consequences. Superoxide dismutases are master regulators of reactive oxygen and general pathogenicity factors and are therefore therapeutic targets. Cu,Zn superoxide dismutases (SODs) localized to the periplasm promote survival by detoxifying superoxide radicals generated by major host antimicrobial immune responses. We discovered that passive immunization with an antibody directed at N. meningitidis SOD (NmSOD) was protective in a mouse infection model. To define the relevant atomic details and solution assembly states of this important virulence factor, we report high-resolution and X-ray scattering analyses of NmSOD and of SOD from B. abortus (BaSOD). The NmSOD structures revealed an auxiliary tetrahedral Cu-binding site bridging the dimer interface; mutational analyses suggested that this metal site contributes to protein stability, with implications for bacterial defense mechanisms. Biochemical and structural analyses informed us about electrostatic substrate guidance, dimer assembly, and an exposed C-terminal epitope in the NmSOD dimer. In contrast, the monomeric BaSOD structure provided insights for extending immunogenic peptide epitopes derived from the protein. These collective results reveal unique contributions of SOD to pathogenic virulence, refine predictive motifs for distinguishing SOD classes, and suggest general targets for antibacterial immune responses. The identified functional contributions, motifs, and targets distinguishing bacterial and eukaryotic SOD assemblies presented here provide a foundation for efforts to develop SOD-specific inhibitors of or vaccines against these harmful pathogens. IMPORTANCE By protecting microbes against reactive oxygen insults, SODs aid survival of many bacteria within their hosts. Despite the ubiquity and conservation of these key enzymes, notable species-specific differences relevant to pathogenesis remain undefined. To probe mechanisms that govern the functioning of Neisseria meningitidis and Brucella abortus SODs, we used X-ray structures, enzymology, modeling, and murine infection experiments. We identified virulence determinants common to the two homologs, assembly differences, and a unique metal reservoir within meningococcal SOD that stabilizes the enzyme and may provide a safeguard against copper toxicity. The insights reported here provide a rationale and a basis for SOD-specific drug design and an extension of immunogen design to target two important pathogens that continue to pose global health threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Pratt
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Michael DiDonato
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David S Shin
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Diane E Cabelli
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Cami K Bruns
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Carol A Belzer
- National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Louisa B Tabatabai
- National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - J Simon Kroll
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - John A Tainer
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Getzoff
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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