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Cabibi D, Napolitano C, Giannone AG, Micciulla MC, Porcasi R, Lo Coco R, Bosco L, Vinciguerra M, Capra G. Predictive Role of the p16 Immunostaining Pattern in Atypical Cervical Biopsies with Less Common High Risk HPV Genotypes. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11111947. [PMID: 34829294 PMCID: PMC8619678 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11111947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
P16 immunostaining is considered a useful surrogate of transcriptionally active high-risk (hr) HPV infection. Only strong and widespread “block-like” immunoreactivity is considered specific, whereas weak/focal p16 positive immunostaining is considered not specific, and follow-up and HPV molecular detection is not indicated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of HPV DNA and Ki67 immunostaining in 40 cervical atypical biopsies (CALs) with mild and focal histological features suggestive of HPV infection—20 cases with weak/focal p16 positive immunoreactivity and 20 cases negative for p16 expression. In 16/20 weak/focal p16 positive CALs (80%), the INNO-LiPA HPV genotyping detected hrHPV genotypes (HPV 31, 51, 56, 59, 26, 53, 66, 73, and 82). Co-infection of two or more hrHPV genotypes was often evidenced. HPV16 and 18 genotypes were never detected. Ki67 immunostaining was increased in 10/20 cases (50%). In 19/20 p16 negative CALs, hrHPV infection was absent and Ki67 was not increased. These results suggest that weak/focal p16 immunostaining represents the early stage of transcriptionally active infection, strongly related to the presence of less common hrHPV genotypes, probably with a slower transforming power, but with a potential risk of progression if the infection persists. HPV DNA genotyping and follow-up could be useful in these cases to verify if they are able to evolve into overt dysplastic changes and to improve knowledge of less common hrHPV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cabibi
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (C.N.); (M.C.M.); (R.P.); (R.L.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Caterina Napolitano
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (C.N.); (M.C.M.); (R.P.); (R.L.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Antonino Giulio Giannone
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (C.N.); (M.C.M.); (R.P.); (R.L.C.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0916553725
| | - Maria Carmela Micciulla
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (C.N.); (M.C.M.); (R.P.); (R.L.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Rossana Porcasi
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (C.N.); (M.C.M.); (R.P.); (R.L.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Roberta Lo Coco
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (C.N.); (M.C.M.); (R.P.); (R.L.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Liana Bosco
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Biological, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Division of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Translational Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Giuseppina Capra
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (C.N.); (M.C.M.); (R.P.); (R.L.C.); (G.C.)
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APC/C and retinoblastoma interaction: cross-talk of retinoblastoma protein with the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160152. [PMID: 27402801 PMCID: PMC5025812 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin (Ub) ligase anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and the tumour suppressor retinoblastoma protein (pRB) play key roles in cell cycle regulation. APC/C is a critical regulator of mitosis and G1-phase of the cell cycle whereas pRB keeps a check on proliferation by inhibiting transition to the S-phase. APC/C and pRB interact with each other via the co-activator of APC/C, FZR1, providing an alternative pathway of regulation of G1 to S transition by pRB using a post-translational mechanism. Both pRB and FZR1 have complex roles and are implicated not only in regulation of cell proliferation but also in differentiation, quiescence, apoptosis, maintenance of chromosomal integrity and metabolism. Both are also targeted by transforming viruses. We discuss recent advances in our understanding of the involvement of APC/C and pRB in cell cycle based decisions and how these insights will be useful for development of anti-cancer and anti-viral drugs.
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Nulakani NVR, Baskar P, Patra AS, Subramanian V. Adsorption of guanidinium collectors on aluminosilicate minerals - a density functional study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:23805-15. [PMID: 26303845 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03210e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this density functional theory based investigation, we have modelled and studied the adsorption behaviour of guanidinium cations and substituted (phenyl, methoxy phenyl, nitro phenyl and di-nitro phenyl) guanidinium cationic collectors on the basal surfaces of kaolinite and goethite. The adsorption behaviour is assessed in three different media, such as gas, explicit water and pH medium, to understand the affinity of GC collectors to the SiO4 tetrahedral and AlO6 octahedral surfaces of kaolinite. The tetrahedral siloxane surface possesses a larger binding affinity to GC collectors than the octahedral sites due to the presence of surface exposed oxygen atoms that are active in the intermolecular interactions. Furthermore, the inductive electronic effects of substituted guanidinium cations also play a key role in the adsorption mechanism. Highly positive cations result in a stronger electrostatic interaction and preferential adsorption with the kaolinite surfaces than low positive cations. Computed interaction energies and electron densities at the bond critical points suggest that the adsorption of guanidinium cations on the surfaces of kaolinite and goethite is due to the formation of intra/inter hydrogen bonding networks. Also, the electrostatic interaction favours the high adsorption ability of GC collectors in the pH medium than gas phase and water medium. The structures and energies of GC collectors pave an intuitive view for future experimental studies on mineral flotation.
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