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Furuta M, Arii S, Umeda H, Matsukawa R, Shizu K, Kaji H, Kawashima SA, Hori Y, Tomita T, Sohma Y, Mitsunuma H, Kanai M. Leuco Ethyl Violet as Self-Activating Prodrug Photocatalyst for In Vivo Amyloid-Selective Oxygenation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401346. [PMID: 38689504 PMCID: PMC11234409 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant aggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau protein (tau), called amyloid, are related to the etiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). Reducing amyloid levels in AD patients is a potentially effective approach to the treatment of AD. The selective degradation of amyloids via small molecule-catalyzed photooxygenation in vivo is a leading approach; however, moderate catalyst activity and the side effects of scalp injury are problematic in prior studies using AD model mice. Here, leuco ethyl violet (LEV) is identified as a highly active, amyloid-selective, and blood-brain barrier (BBB)-permeable photooxygenation catalyst that circumvents all of these problems. LEV is a redox-sensitive, self-activating prodrug catalyst; self-oxidation of LEV through a hydrogen atom transfer process under photoirradiation produces catalytically active ethyl violet (EV) in the presence of amyloid. LEV effectively oxygenates human Aβ and tau, suggesting the feasibility for applications in humans. Furthermore, a concept of using a hydrogen atom as a caging group of a reactive catalyst functional in vivo is postulated. The minimal size of the hydrogen caging group is especially useful for catalyst delivery to the brain through BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Furuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Suguru Arii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki Umeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryota Matsukawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Shizu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hironori Kaji
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Youhei Sohma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan
| | - Harunobu Mitsunuma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- PRESTO, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Matsui A, Bellier JP, Kanai T, Satooka H, Nakanishi A, Terada T, Ishibe T, Nakamura Y, Taguchi H, Naruse N, Mera Y. The Effect of Ethanol on Disassembly of Amyloid-β 1-42 Pentamer Revealed by Atomic Force Microscopy and Gel Electrophoresis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020889. [PMID: 35055076 PMCID: PMC8779648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common type of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, is associated with senile plaques formed by the filamentous aggregation of hydrophobic amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brains of patients. Small oligomeric assemblies also occur and drugs and chemical compounds that can interact with such assemblies have attracted much attention. However, these compounds need to be solubilized in appropriate solvents, such as ethanol, which may also destabilize their protein structures. As the impact of ethanol on oligomeric Aβ assembly is unknown, we investigated the effect of various concentrations of ethanol (0 to 7.2 M) on Aβ pentameric assemblies (Aβp) by combining blue native-PAGE (BN-PAGE) and ambient air atomic force microscopy (AFM). This approach was proven to be very convenient and reliable for the quantitative analysis of Aβ assembly. The Gaussian analysis of the height histogram obtained from the AFM images was correlated with band intensity on BN-PAGE for the quantitative estimation of Aβp. Our observations indicated up to 1.4 M (8.3%) of added ethanol can be used as a solvent/vehicle without quantitatively affecting Aβ pentamer stability. Higher concentration induced significant destabilization of Aβp and eventually resulted in the complete disassembly of Aβp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuya Matsui
- Department of Fundamental Bioscience, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan; (A.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (A.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Bellier
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan;
- Correspondence: (J.-P.B.); (N.N.); Tel.: +81-77-548-2101 (N.N.)
| | - Takeshi Kanai
- Department of Fundamental Bioscience, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan; (A.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (A.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Hiroki Satooka
- Department of Fundamental Bioscience, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan; (A.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (A.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Akio Nakanishi
- Department of Fundamental Bioscience, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan; (A.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (A.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Tsukasa Terada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan; (T.T.); (T.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Takafumi Ishibe
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan; (T.T.); (T.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoshiaki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan; (T.T.); (T.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Hiroyasu Taguchi
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan;
| | - Nobuyasu Naruse
- Department of Fundamental Bioscience, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan; (A.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (A.N.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.-P.B.); (N.N.); Tel.: +81-77-548-2101 (N.N.)
| | - Yutaka Mera
- Department of Fundamental Bioscience, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan; (A.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (A.N.); (Y.M.)
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How SC, Hsin A, Chen GY, Hsu WT, Yang SM, Chou WL, Chou SH, Wang SSS. Exploring the influence of brilliant blue G on amyloid fibril formation of lysozyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:37-48. [PMID: 31295491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that amyloid fibril mitigation/inhibition is considered a promising approach toward treating amyloid diseases. In this work, we first examined how amyloid fibrillogenesis of lysozyme was affected by BBG, a safe triphenylmethane compound with nice blood-brain-barrier-permeability, and found that shorter fibrillar species were formed in the lysozyme samples treated with BBG. Next, alterations in the features including the secondary as well as tertiary structure, extent of aggregation, and molecular distribution of lysozyme triggered by the addition of BBG were examined by various spectroscopic techniques, right-angle light scattering, dynamic light scattering, and SDS-PAGE. In addition, we have investigated how BBG affected the lysozyme fibril-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. We found that a large quantity of shorter fibrillar species and more lysozyme monomers were present in the samples treated with BBG. Also, the addition of BBG rescued SH-SY5Y cells from cell death induced by amyloid fibrils of lysozyme. Finally, information about the binding sites and interacting forces involved in the BBG-lysozyme interaction was further explored using synchronous fluorescence and molecular docking approaches. Molecular docking results revealed that, apart from the hydrophobic interaction(s), hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and van der Waal forces may also be involved in the binding interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Chun How
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ai Hsin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tse Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ming Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lung Chou
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Sha Lu, Taichung City 433, Taiwan.
| | - Shiu-Huey Chou
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Steven S-S Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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