1
|
Ngubane NP, Mabandla MV, De Gama BZ. Global perspectives on the traditional approaches used in the treatment of schizophrenia: A systematic review. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 97:104081. [PMID: 38797088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional healing considers a holistic approach when diagnosing and treating patients for mental ailments, and is the preferred approach globally. OBJECTIVE This review documented traditional healing approaches for treatment of schizophrenia used in different regions globally. METHODS PICO framework was used to facilitate literature search from Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, APA PsycINFO, and Web search. Studies documenting methods of treatment from the perspective of traditional healers, patients and/or caregivers were included and also studies which investigated herbal plants used in traditional healing in vitro and in vivo were included. Review articles, magazine/newspaper articles, editorials, letters, comments/opinion articles, and articles with inaccessible full text were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed using MMAT and SYRCLE tools. University Capacity Development Programme funded this review. RESULTS 74 articles were included, these documented traditional healing practices used in Africa, Asia, America, Europe, and Oceania. Common approach globally was herbal medicine. Other reported methods included faith-based healing, consultation with the ancestors, performing rituals, acupuncture, and music and yoga therapies. Inhumane approaches included starving, beating, cutting and confining patients. In some cases, traditional healing was used as adjunctive treatment. The overall risk of bias for studies in this review was low. CONCLUSION Traditional healing contributes in bridging the treatment gap for schizophrenia in developing countries. However, there is a lack of standardisation of the approaches employed in the different regions, and the safety and effectiveness of some of these approaches remain questionable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ntombifuthi P Ngubane
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Musa V Mabandla
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Brenda Z De Gama
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aleem M. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Celastrus paniculatus Wild.: a nootropic drug. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:24-46. [PMID: 34529902 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Celastrus paniculatus Wild is an evergreen climbing shrub. The plant is of great significance in the traditional Indian System of Medicine, such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. The seeds and their oil are extensively used to treat neurological disorders such as cognitive dysfunction, paralysis, epilepsy, insomnia, and other ailments like rheumatism, arthritis, sciatica, and leprosy. This paper aims to highlight the nootropic activity of C. paniculatus and explore its phytochemistry, traditional uses, and other pharmacological activities. METHODS All available information concerning C. paniculatus has been searched in the internationally accepted scientific databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Additional knowledge was gathered from the classical Textbooks and Unani Pharmacopoeia. RESULTS C. paniculatus is a rich source of several secondary metabolites, such as β-Dihydroagarofuranoids sesquiterpenes, alkaloids (Celastrine, Celapanin, Celapagin, and paniculatin), flavonoids, terpenoid (β-amyrin, Lupeol, Pristimerin), sterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, α-tocopherol, γ-Tocopherol), fatty acid (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic acids) and non-fatty acids (Benzoic acid, Cinnamic acid). The various study shows that the extracts and active constituent of this plant possess potent nootropic activity. Besides nootropic activity, it has also been reported for anti-Alzheimer, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, gastroprotective, anti-psoriatic, wound healing, antibacterial, antimalarial, and several other properties. CONCLUSIONS Several in vitro and in vivo trials confirm the conventional use of C. paniculatus in cognitive dysfunction. However, the relations between the possible mechanisms of other activities and traditional uses of the C. paniculatus remain indistinct. Still, pharmacological studies also explored the effects of C. paniculatus, which were not recognized in ancient times, such as cytotoxic, ACE inhibitor, and antidiabetic activities. These discoveries are may be beneficial in the development of the new drug to treat various diseases. It is also confirmed that the β-dihydroagarofuranoids exhibit significant AChE inhibitory, cytotoxic, antibacterial, and insecticidal effects. This versatile medicine is truly a life elixir. Considering the therapeutic importance of the C. paniculatus and the absence of any reported clinical studies, extensive clinical trials are needed to explore its memory enhancing and other activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aleem
- Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Omeiza NA, Bakre A, Ben-Azu B, Sowunmi AA, Abdulrahim HA, Chimezie J, Lawal SO, Adebayo OG, Alagbonsi AI, Akinola O, Abolaji AO, Aderibigbe AO. Mechanisms underpinning Carpolobia lutea G. Don ethanol extract's neurorestorative and antipsychotic-like activities in an NMDA receptor antagonist model of schizophrenia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115767. [PMID: 36206872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Persistent ketamine insults to the central nervous system block NMDA receptors and disrupt putative neurotransmission, oxido-nitrosative, and inflammatory pathways, resulting in schizophrenia-like symptoms in animals. Previously, the ethnomedicinal benefits of Carpolobia lutea against insomnia, migraine headache, and insanity has been documented, but the mechanisms of action remain incomplete. AIM OF THE STUDY Presently, we explored the neuro-therapeutic role of Carpolobia lutea ethanol extract (C. lutea) in ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like symptoms in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-four male Swiss (22 ± 2 g) mice were randomly assigned into eight groups (n = 8/group) and exposed to a reversal ketamine model of schizophrenia. For 14 days, either distilled water (10 mL/kg; p.o.) or ketamine (20 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered, following possible reversal treatments with C. lutea (100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg; p.o.), haloperidol (1 mg/kg, p.o.), or clozapine (5 mg/kg; p.o.) beginning on days 8-14. During the experiment, a battery of behavioral characterizations defining schizophrenia-like symptoms were obtained using ANY-maze software, followed by neurochemical, oxido-inflammatory and histological assessments in the mice brains. RESULTS A 7-day reversal treatment with C. lutea reversed predictors of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. C. lutea also mitigated ketamine-induced neurochemical derangements as evidenced by modulations of dopamine, glutamate, norepinephrine and serotonin neurotransmission. Also, the increased acetylcholinesterase activity, malondialdehyde nitrite, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis-factor-α concentrations were reversed by C. lutea accompanied with elevated levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione. Furthermore, C. lutea reversed ketamine-induced neuronal alterations in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum sections of the brain. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that C. lutea reverses the cardinal symptoms of ketamine-induced schizophrenia in a dose-dependent fashion by modulating the oxido-inflammatory and neurotransmitter-related mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noah A Omeiza
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Adewale Bakre
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Abimbola A Sowunmi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Halimat A Abdulrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Chimezie
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sodiq O Lawal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G Adebayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Neurophysiology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Abdullateef I Alagbonsi
- Department of Clinical Biology (Physiology), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Southern Province, Rwanda
| | - Olugbenga Akinola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Amos O Abolaji
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adegbuyi O Aderibigbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Helaly AMN, Ghorab DSED. Schizophrenia as metabolic disease. What are the causes? Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:795-804. [PMID: 36656396 PMCID: PMC9849842 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a devastating neurodevelopmental disease with an accelerated ageing feature. The criteria of metabolic disease firmly fit with those of schizophrenia. Disturbances in energy and mitochondria are at the core of complex pathology. Genetic and environmental interaction creates changes in redox, inflammation, and apoptosis. All the factors behind schizophrenia interact in a cycle where it is difficult to discriminate between the cause and the effect. New technology and advances in the multi-dispensary fields could break this cycle in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohamed Nabil Helaly
- Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Doaa Shame El Din Ghorab
- Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nagpal K, Garg M, Arora D, Dubey A, Grewal AS. An extensive review on phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Indian medicinal plant Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1930-1951. [PMID: 35199395 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Celastrus paniculatus is a traditional herb belonging to the family Celastraceae and is widely used for a number of medicinal activities in the Indian Unani and Ayurvedic systems. In this study, the extensive literature search was carried out on phytochemistry, ethnobotanical uses and pharmacological activities of C. paniculatus (Willd.) in various scientific databases as well as patents. Research on phytochemical investigation has shown the presence of monoterpenes (linalool, α-terpinyl acetate, nerol acetate), sesqueterpene esters (such as malkanguniol, malkangunin, valerenal, globulol, viridiflorol, cubenol and agarofuran derivatives), diterpenoids (such as phytone, isophytol), triterpenoids (such as lupeol, pristimerin, paniculatadiol, zeylasteral, zeylasterone, β-amyrin, squalene), alkaloids (celapanin, celapanigin, celapagin, paniculatine, celastrine, maymyrsine), fatty acids, steroids (β-sitosterol, carpesterol benzoate), flavonoids (paniculatin), benzoic acid, and vitamin C in this plant. All the reported pharmacological activities of this plant could be due to the presence of these phytochemicals. This plant possesses strong antioxidant activity which includes total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, nitric oxide scavenging activity and free radical scavenging activity. This plant possesses multiple pharmacological activities including cognition-enhancing, neuroprotective, antipsychotic, anti-depressant, antibacterial, anti-arthritic, anti-malarial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fertility, cardiovascular, locomotor, anxiolytic, wound healing activity, anti-spasmodic, hypolipidemic, anti-cancerous and iron-chelating activity with different extracts of this plant as well as various phytoconstituents present in this plant. The objective of this review article is to discuss in detail the reported ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemistry and various pharmacological activities of C. paniculatus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Nagpal
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India
| | - Madhukar Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Deepshi Arora
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India
| | - Abhilasha Dubey
- B.S.A. College of Engineering & Technology, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pharmacological Potentiality of Bioactive Flavonoid against Ketamine Induced Cell Death of PC 12 Cell Lines: An In Vitro Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060934. [PMID: 34207728 PMCID: PMC8230239 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past few years, there has been exponential growth in the field of ethnopharmacology in the treatment of different human ailments, including neurological disorders. In our previous study, we isolated, characterized, and reported a novel bioactive compound with therapeutic efficacy in vivo, which was used in the current study. This study was designed to investigate the pharmacological effect and therapeutic mechanism of the natural plant compound 3-(3,4-dimethoxy phenyl)-1-(4-methoxy phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one against ketamine-induced toxicity in PC 12 cell lines. Cell death was induced in PC 12 cell lines by incubating with ketamine, and the protection offered by the compound at different concentrations was studied during pretreatment. The therapeutic efficacy was screened through MTT assay, LDH assay, DCF-DA assay, clonogenic assay, RT-PCR, and densitometric analysis. The bioactive compound caused a significant elevation in cell viability up to approximately 80%, down-regulation of cell damage, reduction in free radical damage caused by intracellular reactive oxygen species, and up-regulation of cell survival ability, which was dysregulated during ketamine induction. In addition, RT-PCR analysis of DOPA-related genes suggests that the compound exerted significant inhibition in the expression of these genes, which were overexpressed during ketamine induction. The current findings provide new insight into the neuroprotective mediation of bioactive factors as a prospective therapy for neurological disorders.
Collapse
|