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Kee G, Kang HJ, Ahn I, Gwon H, Kim Y, Seo H, Choi H, Cho HN, Kim M, Han J, Park S, Kim K, Jun TJ, Kim YH. Are polypharmacy side effects predicted by public data still valid in real-world data? Heliyon 2024; 10:e24620. [PMID: 38304832 PMCID: PMC10831713 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Although interest in predicting drug-drug interactions is growing, many predictions are not verified by real-world data. This study aimed to confirm whether predicted polypharmacy side effects using public data also occur in data from actual patients. Methods We utilized a deep learning-based polypharmacy side effects prediction model to identify cefpodoxime-chlorpheniramine-lung edema combination with a high prediction score and a significant patient population. The retrospective study analyzed patients over 18 years old who were admitted to the Asan medical center between January 2000 and December 2020 and took cefpodoxime or chlorpheniramine orally. The three groups, cefpodoxime-treated, chlorpheniramine-treated, and cefpodoxime & chlorpheniramine-treated were compared using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to balance them. Differences between the three groups were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. Results The study population comprised 54,043 patients with a history of taking cefpodoxime, 203,897 patients with a history of taking chlorpheniramine, and 1,628 patients with a history of taking cefpodoxime and chlorpheniramine simultaneously. After adjustment, the 1-year cumulative incidence of lung edema in the patient group that took cefpodoxime and chlorpheniramine simultaneously was significantly higher than in the patient groups that took cefpodoxime or chlorpheniramine only (p=0.001). Patients taking cefpodoxime and chlorpheniramine together had an increased risk of lung edema compared to those taking cefpodoxime alone [hazard ratio (HR) 2.10, 95% CI 1.26-3.52, p<0.005] and those taking chlorpheniramine alone, which also increased the risk of lung edema (HR 1.64, 95% CI 0.99-2.69, p=0.05). Conclusions Validation of polypharmacy side effect predictions with real-world data can aid patient and clinician decision-making before conducting randomized controlled trials. Simultaneous use of cefpodoxime and chlorpheniramine was associated with a higher long-term risk of lung edema compared to the use of cefpodoxime or chlorpheniramine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaeun Kee
- Department of Information Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympicro 43gil, Songpagu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jun Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympicro 43gil, Songpagu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Imjin Ahn
- Department of Information Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympicro 43gil, Songpagu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansle Gwon
- Department of Information Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympicro 43gil, Songpagu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunha Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympicro 43gil, Songpagu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeram Seo
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympicro 43gil, Songpagu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Choi
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympicro 43gil, Songpagu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Na Cho
- Department of Information Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympicro 43gil, Songpagu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyoung Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympicro 43gil, Songpagu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JiYe Han
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympicro 43gil, Songpagu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Park
- Department of Information Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympicro 43gil, Songpagu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuwoong Kim
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, 10408, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joon Jun
- Big Data Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympicro 43gil, Songpagu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hak Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Information Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympicro 43gil, Songpagu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Gedde OR, Bonde A, Golbækdal PI, Skrydstrup T. Pd‐Catalyzed Difluoromethylations of Aryl Boronic Acids, Halides, and Pseudohalides with ICF
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H Generated ex Situ. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200997. [PMID: 35388933 PMCID: PMC9321866 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An expedient ex‐situ generation of difluoroiodomethane (DFIM) and its immediate use in a Pd‐catalyzed difluoromethylation of aryl boronic acids and ester derivatives in a two‐chamber reactor is reported. Heating a solution of bromodifluoroacetic acid with sodium iodide in sulfolane proved to be effective for the generation of near stoichiometric amounts of DFIM for the ensuing catalytic coupling step. A two‐step difluoromethylation of aryl (pseudo)halides with tetrahydroxydiboron as a low‐cost reducing agent, both promoted by Pd catalysis, proved effective to install this fluorine‐containing C1 group onto several pharmaceutically relevant molecules. Finally, the method proved adaptable to deuterium incorporation by simply adding D2O to the DFIM‐generating chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver R. Gedde
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC) The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Andreas Bonde
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC) The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Peter I. Golbækdal
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC) The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC) The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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Bechthold E, Schreiber JA, Lehmkuhl K, Frehland B, Schepmann D, Bernal FA, Daniliuc C, Álvarez I, Garcia CV, Schmidt TJ, Seebohm G, Wünsch B. Ifenprodil Stereoisomers: Synthesis, Absolute Configuration, and Correlation with Biological Activity. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1170-1179. [PMID: 33426889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ifenprodil (1) is a potent GluN2B-selective N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that is used as a cerebral vasodilator and has been examined in clinical trials for the treatment of drug addiction, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and COVID-19. To correlate biological data with configuration, all four ifenprodil stereoisomers were prepared by diastereoselective reduction and subsequent separation of enantiomers by chiral HPLC. The absolute configuration of ifenprodil stereoisomers was determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis of (1R,2S)-1a and (1S,2S)-1d. GluN2B affinity, ion channel inhibitory activity, and selectivity over α, σ, and 5-HT receptors were evaluated. (1R,2R)-Ifenprodil ((1R,2R)-1c) showed the highest affinity toward GluN2B-NMDA receptors (Ki = 5.8 nM) and high inhibition of ion flux in two-electrode voltage clamp experiments (IC50 = 223 nM). Whereas the configuration did not influence considerably the GluN2B-NMDA receptor binding, (1R)-configuration is crucial for elevated inhibitory activity. (1R,2R)-Configured ifenprodil (1R,2R)-1c exhibited high selectivity for GluN2B-NMDA receptors over adrenergic, serotonergic, and σ1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bechthold
- GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Julian A Schreiber
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kirstin Lehmkuhl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Frehland
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Freddy A Bernal
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Phytochemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin Daniliuc
- Organisch-chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Inés Álvarez
- In Vitro Pharmacology, WeLab, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 4-8, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Val Garcia
- Grupo de Investigación Biofarma. Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica. Centro de Investigación CIMUS. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostella, Spain
| | - Thomas J Schmidt
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Phytochemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Grupo de Investigación Biofarma. Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica. Centro de Investigación CIMUS. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostella, Spain
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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