1
|
Novel Drug Design for Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:2044282. [PMID: 36199815 PMCID: PMC9527439 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2044282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Since the beginning of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease outbreak, there has been an increasing interest in discovering potential therapeutic agents for this disease. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review through an overview of drug development (in silico, in vitro, and in vivo) for treating COVID-19. Methods A systematic search was carried out in major databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar from December 2019 to March 2021. A combination of the following terms was used: coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, drug design, drug development, In silico, In vitro, and In vivo. A narrative synthesis was performed as a qualitative method for the data synthesis of each outcome measure. Results A total of 2168 articles were identified through searching databases. Finally, 315 studies (266 in silico, 34 in vitro, and 15 in vivo) were included. In studies with in silico approach, 98 article study repurposed drug and 91 studies evaluated herbal medicine on COVID-19. Among 260 drugs repurposed by the computational method, the best results were observed with saquinavir (n = 9), ritonavir (n = 8), and lopinavir (n = 6). Main protease (n = 154) following spike glycoprotein (n = 62) and other nonstructural protein of virus (n = 45) was among the most studied targets. Doxycycline, chlorpromazine, azithromycin, heparin, bepridil, and glycyrrhizic acid showed both in silico and in vitro inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion The preclinical studies of novel drug design for COVID-19 focused on main protease and spike glycoprotein as targets for antiviral development. From evaluated structures, saquinavir, ritonavir, eucalyptus, Tinospora cordifolia, aloe, green tea, curcumin, pyrazole, and triazole derivatives in in silico studies and doxycycline, chlorpromazine, and heparin from in vitro and human monoclonal antibodies from in vivo studies showed promised results regarding efficacy. It seems that due to the nature of COVID-19 disease, finding some drugs with multitarget antiviral actions and anti-inflammatory potential is valuable and some herbal medicines have this potential.
Collapse
|
3
|
Shcherbakov D, Baev D, Kalinin M, Dalinger A, Chirkova V, Belenkaya S, Khvostov A, Krut’ko D, Medved’ko A, Volosnikova E, Sharlaeva E, Shanshin D, Tolstikova T, Yarovaya O, Maksyutov R, Salakhutdinov N, Vatsadze S. Design and Evaluation of Bispidine-Based SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:140-147. [PMID: 35043075 PMCID: PMC8491553 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, derivatives of 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (bispidine) were proposed as potential inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main viral protease (3-chymotrypsin-like, 3CLpro). Based on the created pharmacophore model of the active site of the protease, a group of compounds were modeled and tested for activity against 3CLpro. The 3CLpro activity was measured using the fluorogenic substrate Dabcyl-VNSTLQSGLRK(FAM)MA; the efficiency of the proposed approach was confirmed by comparison with literature data for ebselen and disulfiram. The results of the experiments performed with bispidine compounds showed that 14 compounds exhibited activity in the concentration range 1-10 μM, and 3 samples exhibited submicromolar activity. The structure-activity relationship studies showed that the molecules containing a carbonyl group in the ninth position of the bicycle exhibited the maximum activity. Based on the experimental and theoretical results obtained, further directions for the development of this topic were proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Shcherbakov
- State
Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559, Russia, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russian Federation
- Altay
State University, 656049, Barnaul, Leninski pr.
61, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy Baev
- N.N.
Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic chemistry SB RAS, Lavrent’ev
av., 630090, Russia, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Kalinin
- N.D.
Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski pr., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State
University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Dalinger
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State
University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Varvara Chirkova
- Altay
State University, 656049, Barnaul, Leninski pr.
61, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Belenkaya
- State
Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559, Russia, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk
State University, Novosibirsk
Pirogova 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksei Khvostov
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State
University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Krut’ko
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State
University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksei Medved’ko
- N.D.
Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski pr., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Volosnikova
- State
Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559, Russia, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Sharlaeva
- Altay
State University, 656049, Barnaul, Leninski pr.
61, Russian Federation
| | - Daniil Shanshin
- State
Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559, Russia, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana Tolstikova
- N.N.
Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic chemistry SB RAS, Lavrent’ev
av., 630090, Russia, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Yarovaya
- N.N.
Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic chemistry SB RAS, Lavrent’ev
av., 630090, Russia, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Rinat Maksyutov
- State
Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559, Russia, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russian Federation
| | - Nariman Salakhutdinov
- N.N.
Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic chemistry SB RAS, Lavrent’ev
av., 630090, Russia, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Vatsadze
- N.D.
Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski pr., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Salva O, Alasino R, Giller C, Borello J, Doresky A, Karayan G, Beltramo D. Nebulization with alkaline hipertonic ibuprofen induces a rapid increase in platelets circulating in COVID-19 patients but not in healthy subjects. Platelets 2021; 33:471-478. [PMID: 34423724 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1967918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We analyze changes in circulating platelets in COVID-19 positive patients who received conventional treatment Dexamethasone and Enoxaparin (Dexa-Enoxa) compared to patients treated with conventional therapy plus nebulization with alkaline hypertonic ibuprofenate (AHI). Results show that after 24 h of nebulization with AHI, circulating platelets shows an increase about 40% at 24 h and reach 65% at 96 h. In patients with platelets content below 200,000 by microliter the increase was 49% and 79% at 24 and 96 h respectively. In patients with platelets above 200,000 by microliter the increase was 24% and 31% at 24 and 96 h, respectively. The increase of platelets via AHI was similar in both, men and women.To evaluate whether this action of AHI was related to platelets from COVID-19 positive patients or also for healthy people, two controls were included: one of them with 10 healthy volunteers and another one with COVID-19 positive patients hospitalized and treated only with Dexa-Enoxa. Results show that, in healthy volunteers, the number of circulating platelets remains unchanged even after 7 days of treatment with AHI. In COVID-19 positive patients treated only with Dexa-Enoxa for 4 days, platelets increased only 16%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Salva
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Clínica Independencia, Ciudad de Munro, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roxana Alasino
- Programa de Biociencias, Centro De Excelencias En Productos Y Procesos (CEPROCOR), Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Provincia de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET), Ministerio de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación de la República Argentina, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celia Giller
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Clínica Independencia, Ciudad de Munro, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Borello
- Programa de Biociencias, Centro De Excelencias En Productos Y Procesos (CEPROCOR), Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Provincia de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Alexis Doresky
- Departamento de Investiagación Clinica, Fundación Respirar, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Galia Karayan
- Departamento de Investiagación Clinica, Fundación Respirar, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dante Beltramo
- Programa de Biociencias, Centro De Excelencias En Productos Y Procesos (CEPROCOR), Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Provincia de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET), Ministerio de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación de la República Argentina, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|