1
|
Chen J, Zhang Z, Li H, Tang H. Exploring the effect of a series of flavonoids on tyrosinase using integrated enzyme kinetics, multispectroscopic, and molecular modelling analyses. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126451. [PMID: 37619686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The control of food browning can be achieved by inhibiting tyrosinase (TY) activity, but current studies on the interaction of flavonoids as potent inhibitors with TY are inadequate. Herein, the effect of a library of flavonoids on TY was investigated using enzyme kinetics, multispectroscopic methods, and molecular modelling. Some flavonoids including 4, 8, 10, 17, 18, 28, 30, 33, and 34 exhibited potent TY inhibitory activity, with compound 10 demonstrating reversible inhibition in a mixed-competitive manner. Ultraviolet-visible spectral changes confirmed the formation of flavonoid-TY complexes. Fluorescence quenching analysis suggested effective intrinsic fluorescence quenching by flavonoids through static quenching with the ground-state complex formation. Synchronous fluorescence spectra showed the microenvironment change around the fluorophores induced by flavonoids. ANS-binding fluorescence assay indicated TY's surface hydrophobicity change by flavonoids and highlighted the change in secondary structure conformation, which was further confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectra. Molecular modelling results helped visualize the preferred binding conformation at the active site of TY, and demonstrated the important role of hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding in stabilizing the flavonoid-TY complexes. These findings prove that diverse flavonoid structures distinctly impact their binding behavior on TY and contribute to understanding flavonoids' potential as TY inhibitors in controlling food browning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Zhuangwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Huihui Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Hongjin Tang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khan A, Liaqat A, Masood A, Ali SS, Ali L, Alshammari A, Alasmari AF, Mohammad A, Waheed Y, Wei DQ. Exploring the medicinal potential of Dark Chemical Matters (DCM) to design promising inhibitors for PLpro of SARS-CoV-2 using molecular screening and simulation approaches. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101775. [PMID: 37719892 PMCID: PMC10504533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing concerns and cases of COVID-19 with the appearance of novel variants i.e., BA.2.75. BA.5 and XBB have prompted demand for more effective treatment options that could overcome the risk of immune evasion. For this purpose, discovering novel small molecules to inhibit druggable proteins such as PLpro required for viral pathogenesis, replication, survival, and spread is the best choice. Compounds from the Dark chemical matter (DCM) database is consistently active in various screening tests and offer intriguing possibilities for finding drugs that are extremely selective or active against uncommon targets. Considering the essential role of PLpro, the current study uses DCMdatabase for the identification of potential hits using in silico virtual molecular screening and simulation approaches to inhibit the current and emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. Our results revealed the 10 best compounds with docking scores between -7.99 to -7.03 kcal/mol better than the control drug (GRL0617) among which DC 5977-0726, DC 6623-2024, DC C879-0379 and DC D135-0154 were observed as the best hits. Structural-dynamics properties such as dynamic stability, protein packing, and residue flexibility demonstrated the pharmacologically favorable properties of these top hits in contrast to GRL0617. The hydrogen bonding half-life revealed that Asp164, Arg166, Tyr264, and Tyr268 have major contributions to the hydrogen bonding during the simulation. However, some of the important hydrogen bonds were missing in the control drug (GRL0617). Finally, the total binding free energy was reported to be -34.41 kcal/mol for GRL0617 (control), -41.03 kcal/mol for the DC5977-0726-PLpro, for the DC6623-2024-Plpro complex the TBE was -48.87 kcal/mol, for the for DCC879-0379-Plpro complex the TBE was -45.66 kcal/mol while for the DCD135-0154-PLpro complex the TBE was calculated to be -40.09 kcal/mol respectively, which shows the stronger potency of these compounds against PLpro and further in in vivo and in vitro test are required for the possible usage as potential drug against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
- Zhongjing Research and Industrialization Institute of Chinese Medicine, Zhongguancun Scientific Park, Meixi, Nayang, Henan 473006, PR China
| | - Ayesha Liaqat
- King Edward Medical University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Adan Masood
- University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shujait Ali
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS). Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Mohammad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization (ORIC), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1401, Lebanon
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
- Zhongjing Research and Industrialization Institute of Chinese Medicine, Zhongguancun Scientific Park, Meixi, Nayang, Henan 473006, PR China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nashan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Malathi V, Sharon N, Padmaja P, Lokwani D, Khadse S, Chaudhari P, Shirkhedkar AA, Reddy PN, Ugale VG. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of [1, 3] dioxolo-chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines as anti-seizure agents. Mol Divers 2023; 27:1809-1827. [PMID: 36214960 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient one-pot three-component reaction for the synthesis of [1,3]dioxolo[4',5':6,7]chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines 4(a-i) has been developed. Synthesis was achieved by reacting sesamol (1), aromatic aldehydes 2(a-i), and 2-aminopropene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile (3) in the presence of triethylamine at 100 °C under neat reaction condition. Simple operational procedure, broad substrate scope, column chromatography free separations, and high yield of products make it an efficient and largely acceptable synthetic strategy. Synthesized compounds 4(a-i) were further screened for preliminary anticonvulsant activity using MES and scPTZ tests. These analogs were also checked for neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Selected active compounds have been then screened quantitatively to determine ED50 and TD50 values. Analog 4h was found effective in both preclinical seizure models with significant therapeutic/toxicity profile (4h: ED50 = 34.7 mg/kg, MES test; ED50 = 37.9 mg/kg, scPTZ test; TD50 = 308.7 mg/kg). Molecular dynamic simulation for 100 ns of compound 4h-complexed with GABAA receptor revealed good thermodynamic behavior and fairly stable interactions (4h, Docking score = - 10.94). In conclusion, effective synthetic strategy, significant anticonvulsant activity with good toxicity profile and detailed molecular modeling studies led us to anticipate the emergence of these analogs as valid leads for the development of future effective neurotherapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Visarapu Malathi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Gitam Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, TS, India
| | - Nissi Sharon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Gitam Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, TS, India
| | - Pannala Padmaja
- Centre for Semio Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Deepak Lokwani
- Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Buldana, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saurabh Khadse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Prashant Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Atul A Shirkhedkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | | | - Vinod G Ugale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India.
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Savitribai Phule Pune University, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India.
| |
Collapse
|