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Kisa S, Gungor R, Kisa A. Domestic Violence Against Women in North African and Middle Eastern Countries: A Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:549-575. [PMID: 34350792 PMCID: PMC10009496 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211036070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This scoping review aimed to identify the scope of the current literature on the prevalence, consequences, and risk factors of domestic violence (DV) against women by their husbands or male partners in North African and Middle Eastern countries. The methodology for this scoping review was based on the framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley. Studies published on DV against women over the age of 15 by partner or husband and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals between January 1970 and April 2018 were included in the review. The databases MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, HealthSTAR, EMBASE, Scopus, African Journals Online, Turkish Journal Database, and gray literature sources were searched. On completion of the review process, 151 full-text articles were identified for charting. This review demonstrated that women's age, women's education level, duration of marriage, history of childhood abuse/witnessing family violence, living in the rural region, and family income level were negatively associated with DV, indicating that younger women, women with lower education, a longer marriage duration, and a lower income level had a higher risk of exposure to DV in this region. Anxiety, depression/insomnia, and physical injury were the most common health problems reported by victims in the region. The highest proportion of women with no response to violence was reported in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey. The findings of this scoping review represent the first attempt to summarize the literature from North African and Middle Eastern countries and demonstrate the similarity in DV-related behaviors among women despite the cultural and regional diversity of the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezer Kisa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health
Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
- Sezer, Kisa, Department of Nursing and
Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University,
Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Adnan Kisa
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo,
Norway
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Al-Modallal H, Abu Khait A, Abujilban S, Al-Natour A, Mudallal R, Hamaideh S. Abuse by the male intimate partner: Psychometric testing of the modified worksite harassment tool in working women. Health Care Women Int 2022; 43:1105-1119. [DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2021.2007248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Modallal
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, The Hashemite University College of Nursing, Zarqa, Jordan
- Department of Nursing, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Abu Khait
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, The Hashemite University College of Nursing, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Sanaa Abujilban
- Department of Maternal, Child, and Family Health Nursing, The Hashemite University College of Nursing, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Ahlam Al-Natour
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rola Mudallal
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, The Hashemite University College of Nursing, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Shaher Hamaideh
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, The Hashemite University College of Nursing, Zarqa, Jordan
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Sáez G, López-Nuñez C, Carlos-Vivas J, Barrios-Fernández S, Rojo-Ramos J, Adsuar JC, Collado-Mateo D. A Multicomponent Program to Improve Self-Concept and Self-Esteem among Intimate Partner Violence Victims: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4930. [PMID: 34066319 PMCID: PMC8125387 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a major public health problem that affects one-third of women aged 15 around the world. Interventions for IPV victims are essential for women's self-esteem and self-concept recovery. This project aims to assess the effects of an eight-session multicomponent intervention program based on group psychological therapy and adventure activities in (1) self-esteem, (2) self-concept, (3) body image, (4) self-efficacy and (5) depression symptomatology in IPV victims. METHODS/DESIGN A single-blind, randomized controlled pilot study, with experimental and control group, will be carried out. 34 IPV female victims will be recruited and equally assigned to the experimental (n = 17) or the control (n = 17) group. Primary outcome measures will include self-esteem, while secondary measures will be focused on self-concept, body image, self-efficacy, and depressive symptoms. Intention to treat and efficacy statistical analyses will be also performed. DISCUSSION This project will explore the effects of a new multicomponent program which includes cognitive-behavioral therapy sessions and outdoor adventure activities on affective and emotional variables, often affected in IPV victims. In addition, orientations to incorporate the main findings into the community based IPV resources and victims' services will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Sáez
- Department of Psychology and Anthropology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Carla López-Nuñez
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, School of Psychology, University of Seville, 41010 Seville, Spain;
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Health Economy Motricity and Education (HEME), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.C.-V.); (J.C.A.)
| | | | - Jorge Rojo-Ramos
- Health Economy Motricity and Education (HEME), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.C.-V.); (J.C.A.)
| | - José C. Adsuar
- Health Economy Motricity and Education (HEME), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.C.-V.); (J.C.A.)
| | - Daniel Collado-Mateo
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, 28943 Madrid, Spain;
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Tiruye TY, Chojenta C, Harris ML, Holliday E, Loxton D. Intimate partner violence against women and its association with pregnancy loss in Ethiopia: evidence from a national survey. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2020; 20:192. [PMID: 32887604 PMCID: PMC7650300 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is major public health problem that affects many dimensions of women’s health. However, the role of IPV on women’s reproductive health in general and pregnancy loss in particular, is largely unknown in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study investigated the association between IPV and pregnancy loss in Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective analysis of nationally representative data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) was conducted. Married women of reproductive age (15–49 years) who participated in the domestic violence sub-study of the survey were included in the analysis. Adjusted odds ratios were estimated using multilevel logistic regression models to represent the association of IPV with outcome variable. Results Among 4167 women included in the analysis, pregnancy loss had been experienced by 467 (11.2%). In total, 1504 (36.1%) participants reported having ever experienced any form of IPV, with 25.1, 11.9, and 24.1% reporting physical, sexual and emotional IPV respectively. A total of 2371 (56.9%) women had also experienced at least one act of partner controlling behaviour. After adjusting for potential confounders, a significant association was observed between IPV (a composite measure of physical, sexual and emotional abuse) and pregnancy loss (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 1.54, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.12, 2.14). The odds of pregnancy loss were also higher (AOR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.79) among women who had experienced multiple acts of partner controlling behaviours, compared with women who had not experienced partner controlling behaviours. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) indicated that pregnancy loss exhibits significant between-cluster variation (p < 0.001); about 25% of the variation in pregnancy loss was attributable to differences between clusters. Conclusion IPV against women, including partner controlling behaviour, is significantly associated with pregnancy loss in Ethiopia. Therefore, there is a clear need to develop IPV prevention strategies and to incorporate IPV interventions into maternal health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenaw Yimer Tiruye
- Public Health Department, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia. .,Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
| | - Catherine Chojenta
- Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Melissa L Harris
- Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Holliday
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Deborah Loxton
- Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Al-Natour A, Alshareideh KH, Obeisat SM, Alzoubi F, ALBashtawy M. Marital Violence affecting female nurses and its physical and mental health consequences. Int Nurs Rev 2020; 67:258-264. [PMID: 32190915 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
THE AIM To investigate the relationship between marital violence and Jordanian nurses' physical and mental health. BACKGROUND Despite the negative impact of marital violence on female nurses' health, few studies have investigated its physical and mental aspects. METHOD A descriptive correlational design was used to investigate the relationship between marital violence and the physical and mental health of female Jordanian nurses. One hundred ninety-eight female Jordanian nurses from five governmental hospitals were recruited. The Women Abuse Screening Test was used to measure forms of violence, and the SF-36 V2 instrument was used to examine physical and mental health. The prevalence of violence was calculated, and the linear relationship between violence and physical and mental health was measured using Pearson correlation. RESULTS Female nurses reported a high percentage of different forms of violence. The study results revealed a negative relationship between violence and mental health and physical health. CONCLUSION Jordanian female nurses suffered hazardous physical and mental health consequences of violence that adversely affect their entire life. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY AND EDUCATION Nursing educators should establish clear guidelines and training policies on marital violence for nurses through creation of an effective and cooperative networking and resources. Also, nursing/health policymakers should create responsive healthcare environment through raising the awareness on marital violence against nurses and providing counselling services for emergency and concurrent cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Al-Natour
- College of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | | | - Fatmeh Alzoubi
- College of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Elghossain T, Bott S, Akik C, Obermeyer CM. Prevalence of intimate partner violence against women in the Arab world: a systematic review. BMC INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS 2019; 19:29. [PMID: 31640716 PMCID: PMC6805386 DOI: 10.1186/s12914-019-0215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Violence against women has particular importance for women’s health and wellbeing in the Arab world, where women face persistent barriers to social, political and economic equality. This review aims to summarize what is known about the prevalence of physical, sexual and emotional/psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in the 22 countries of the Arab League, including geographic coverage, quality and comparability of the evidence. Methods A systematic review of IPV prevalence in Arab countries was carried out among peer-reviewed journal articles and national, population-based survey reports published by international research programmes and/or governments. Following PRISMA guidelines, Medline and the Social Sciences Citation Index were searched with Medical Subject Headings terms and key words related to IPV and the names of Arab countries. Eligible sources were published between January 2000 and January 2016, in any language. United Nations databases and similar sources were searched for national surveys. Study characteristics, operational definitions and prevalence data were extracted into a database using Open Data Kit Software. Risk of bias was assessed with a structured checklist. Results The search identified 74 records with population or facility-based IPV prevalence data from eleven Arab countries, based on 56 individual datasets. These included 46 separate survey datasets from peer-reviewed journals and 11 national surveys published by international research programmes and/or governments. Seven countries had national, population-based IPV estimates. Reported IPV prevalence (ever) ranged from 6% to more than half (59%) (physical); from 3 to 40% (sexual); and from 5 to 91% (emotional/ psychological). Methods and operational definitions of violence varied widely, especially for emotional/psychological IPV, limiting comparability. Conclusions IPV against women in Arab countries represents a public health and human rights problem, with substantial levels of physical, sexual and emotional/psychological IPV documented in many settings. The evidence base is fragmented, however, suggesting a need for more comparable, high quality research on IPV in the region and greater adherence to international scientific and ethical guidelines. There is a particular need for national, population-based data to inform prevention and responses to violence against women, and to help Arab countries monitor progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Elghossain
- Center for Research on Population and Health at the Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sarah Bott
- Independent researcher, consultant to the Center for Research on Population and Health at the Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chaza Akik
- Center for Research on Population and Health at the Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer
- Center for Research on Population and Health at the Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Yim IS, Kofman YB. The psychobiology of stress and intimate partner violence. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 105:9-24. [PMID: 30170928 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) negatively affects health outcomes, however, the biopsychosocial pathways underlying this relationship are not well understood. We conducted a systematic review of research published from 2000 through 2018 on biological and psychological stress-related correlates and consequences of IPV exposure. Fifty-three publications were included. The biological and psychological literatures have evolved separately and remain distinct. The biological literature provides emerging evidence of stress-related endocrine and immune-inflammatory dysregulations that are in line with patterns typically observed among chronically stressed individuals. The psychological literature provides strong evidence that IPV is associated with psychological stress, and that psychological stress follows new instances of IPV. Larger scale, integrative studies using prospective study designs are needed to more carefully map out how IPV influences victims both biologically and psychologically, and how these biopsychological changes, in turn, affect the health of victims over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona S Yim
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, 4562 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697-7085, USA.
| | - Yasmin B Kofman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, 4562 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697-7085, USA
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Santos AGD, Monteiro CFDS, Feitosa CDA, Veloso C, Nogueira LT, Andrade EMLR. Types of non-psychotic mental disorders in adult women who suffered intimate partner violence: an integrative review. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2018; 52:e03328. [PMID: 29846484 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-220x2017030203328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying the types of non-psychotic mental disorders in adult women who suffered intimate partner violence in the literature. METHOD An integrative review carried out in the MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases. RESULTS We selected 19 articles published in international journals in English, with a predominance of cross-sectional study studies (78.9%). The most common types of non-psychotic mental disorders were: depression (73.7%) and post-traumatic stress disorder (52.6%). It was observed that 78.9% of the articles presented a 2C level of evidence. CONCLUSION Studies have shown that adult women who are victims of intimate partner violence mostly suffer from depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as other morbidities; a fact that highlights how devastating violence by an intimate partner can impact on the mental health of those who experience it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Gomes Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | | | | | - Caique Veloso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
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Al-Modallal H. Depressive Symptoms in College Women: Examining the Cumulative Effect of Childhood and Adulthood Domestic Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2016; 31:2708-2728. [PMID: 25888504 DOI: 10.1177/0886260515580363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the cumulative effect of childhood and adulthood violence on depressive symptoms in a sample of Jordanian college women. Snowball sampling technique was used to recruit the participants. The participants were heterosexual college-aged women between the ages of 18 and 25. The participants were asked about their experiences of childhood violence (including physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence, and witnessing parental violence), partner violence (including physical partner violence and sexual partner violence), experiences of depressive symptoms, and about other demographic and familial factors as possible predictors for their complaints of depressive symptoms. Multiple linear regression analysis was implemented to identify demographic- and violence-related predictors of their complainants of depressive symptoms. Logistic regression analysis was further performed to identify possible type(s) of violence associated with the increased risk of depressive symptoms. The prevalence of depressive symptoms in this sample was 47.4%. For the violence experience, witnessing parental violence was the most common during childhood, experienced by 40 (41.2%) women, and physical partner violence was the most common in adulthood, experienced by 35 (36.1%) women. Results of logistic regression analysis indicated that experiencing two types of violence (regardless of the time of occurrence) was significant in predicting depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 3.45, p < .05). Among college women's demographic characteristics, marital status (single vs. engaged), mothers' level of education, income, and smoking were significant in predicting depressive symptoms. Assessment of physical violence and depressive symptoms including the cumulative impact of longer periods of violence on depressive symptoms is recommended to be explored in future studies.
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Al-Modallal H. Effect of intimate partner violence on health of women of Palestinian origin. Int Nurs Rev 2016; 63:259-66. [DOI: 10.1111/inr.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Modallal
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing; Hashemite University College of Nursing; Zarqa Jordan
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Al-Modallal H, Hamaideh S, Mudallal R. Mental health status of women in Jordan: a comparative study between attendees of governmental and UN relief and works agency's health care centers. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2014; 35:386-94. [PMID: 24766173 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2013.807449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating differences in mental health problems between attendees of governmental and United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees health care centers in Jordan. Further, predictors of mental health problems based on women's demographic profile were investigated. A convenience sample of 620 women attending governmental and United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees health care centers in Jordan was recruited for this purpose. Independent samples t-tests were used to identify differences in mental health, and multiple linear regression was implemented to identify significant predictors of women's mental health problems. Results indicated an absence of significant differences in mental health problems between attendees of the two types of health care centers. Further, among the demographic indicators that were tested, income, spousal violence, and general health were the predictors of at least three different mental health problems in women. This study highlights opportunities for health professionals to decrease women's propensity for mental health problems by addressing these factors when treating women attending primary care centers in different Jordanian towns, villages, and refugee camps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Modallal
- Hashemite University, Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Zarqa-Jordan
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Al-Modallal H. Patterns of Coping with Partner Violence: Experiences of Refugee Women in Jordan. Public Health Nurs 2012; 29:403-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1446.2012.01018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Modallal
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing; Hashemite University; Zarqa; Jordan
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