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Yu M, Lu J, Li X, Wang S, Shangguan C, Wang X. Forgiveness weakens women's counter-empathy both in the stage of self-oriented and other-oriented emotional responses. Health Care Women Int 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37906706 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2023.2272794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Counter-empathy may have more serious negative effects on women than on men. Sixty-four female Chinese university students participated in this study. Based on the counter-empathy model in a competitive setting, we examined how forgiveness affects counter-empathy. We manipulated the degree of participants' forgiveness toward their opponents by changing the type of information they received from their opponents. We also measured counter-empathy through self-reported pleasantness caused by opponents' facial expressions (smiles or frowns). We found that forgiveness can effectively alleviate women's counter-empathy, restraining their emotional experience from being inconsistent with the offender and enhancing their empathic concern toward the offender. We preliminarily explored how forgiveness works on counter-empathy and provided insight into the use of forgiveness to maintain global women's emotional health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Yu
- School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamei Lu
- School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Li
- School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyin Wang
- School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Shangguan
- College of Education Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Education, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, China
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Dikmen HA, Çankaya S. The effects of exposure to physical and emotional violence from partners on psychological resilience, forgiveness, happiness, life satisfaction, and depression level in Turkish women. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22389. [PMID: 37073585 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The data of this descriptive and correlational study were collected from 583 women between October 2021 and December 2021 with information form, Brief Resilience Scale, Oxford Happiness Scale-Short Form, Epidemiological Research Center Depression Scale, Heartland Forgiveness Scale, and Life Satisfaction Scale. There is a statistically significant difference between the resilience, happiness, and life satisfaction levels of women exposed to physical violence from their partners and the presence of depression (p < .001). A statistically significant difference was found between the presence of depression and resilience, happiness, and life satisfaction (p < .001) and forgiveness (p = .004) in women who were exposed to emotional violence from their partners. While resilience, happiness, and life satisfaction levels decreased in women who were exposed to physical violence from their partners, the incidence of depression increased. While the presence of depression increased in women who were exposed to emotional violence from their partners, the level of resilience, happiness, life satisfaction, and forgiveness decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Alan Dikmen
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences Selcuk University Konya Turkey
| | - Seyhan Çankaya
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences Selcuk University Konya Turkey
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Vázquez JJ, Berríos A, Cala-Montoya CA, Lenta M. Stressful life events among women living homeless in Nicaragua, a low-income country. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:1495-1503. [PMID: 36037252 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nicaragua is one of the lowest income countries in Latin America, where there is a shortage of data on women living homeless. This paper analyses the types, timing and perceived causality of stressful life events (SLE) suffered both during childhood and adolescence and throughout life by women living homeless (n = 30). A structured interview was used to collect the data. Findings showed that women living homeless in Nicaragua suffered a very high number of SLEs, and that these were extremely severe and from very early ages. Most of the SLEs took place before the women became homeless. The SLEs suffered by the women interviewed in Nicaragua were largely similar to those seen in women living homeless in other cultural contexts with higher incomes, although it should be noted that those interviewed in Nicaragua had suffered a higher number of SLE during their childhood and adolescence. The women interviewed mainly attributed finding themselves homeless to having suffered SLEs in the family environment. The suffering of multiple and severe SLEs, largely leading to living in socioeconomically disadvantaged situations, seem to present a significant vulnerability factor both for becoming homeless and remaining homeless over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Juan Vázquez
- Department of Social Psychology, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Universitaro de Investigación en Estudios Latinoamericanos (IELAT), Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Berríos
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | | | - Malena Lenta
- Department of Preventive Psychology, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Harwin J, Barlow C. The co-occurrence of substance misuse, domestic abuse, and child maltreatment: Can Family Drug and Alcohol Courts play a part? Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:989813. [PMID: 36339867 PMCID: PMC9627193 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.989813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article focuses on the inter-relationship between substance misuse, domestic abuse, and child maltreatment, especially in the context of care (child protection) proceedings. It reviews what is known about the prevalence and impact of co-occurring domestic abuse and substance misuse on adult and child victims, and the response of criminal and family law and intervention programmes in supporting families to address these problems holistically. Special attention is paid to the role of Family Drug and Alcohol Courts (FDACs), a radical problem-solving approach to care proceedings, which provide integrated interventions to the range of co-occurring problems that trigger the proceedings. Despite clear evidence of the greater harm to children when exposed to these two parental difficulties, the review has found a lack of systematic information on the prevalence of co-occurrence and a lack of effective integrated interventions, including within care proceedings. It argues that the FDAC approach is well suited to respond to co-occurring substance misuse and domestic abuse in care proceedings and it has the potential to break down silos across sectors. However, in the absence of empirical evidence, this premise would need testing. A particular focus of the review has been on efforts to overcome silos in practice, law and policy. Promising initiatives are described in criminal and family law to improve the response to domestic abuse that build on the Domestic Abuse Act 2021, the first dedicated domestic abuse legislation in England and Wales. All of them are based on problem-solving approaches used in other jurisdictions. Despite these initiatives, the review concludes that there remain significant barriers to effectively align law, policy and practice to ensure that domestic abuse strategy recognizes and responds to the overlaps with substance misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Harwin
- Centre for Child and Family Justice Research, Law School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Barlow
- School of Justice, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
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Sewalem J, Molla A. Mental distress and associated factors among women who experienced gender based violence and attending court in South Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:187. [PMID: 35597941 PMCID: PMC9124378 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender-based violence is an act that has physical, psychological, and sexual consequences for women. It is a widespread issue, particularly in developing countries, and it causes women mental distress. Despite the fact that gender-based violence has a significant impact on mental distress, there have no study in Ethiopia. As a result, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of mental distress among mothers who had experienced gender-based violence and were in court. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 423 samples. The data was entered into Epi-data version 3.01 and analyzed with SPSS version 21. Binary logistic regression was used, and variables with p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant with regard to mental distress at the respective 95% CI. RESULT The prevalence of mental distress was found to be 59.6% in this study. Mental distress was associated with factors such as a lack of social support, a lack of formal education, a husband's substance use, rural residence, age greater than 33 years, and a low family income. CONCLUSION The prevalence of mental distress is high when compared to the majority of previous findings from other countries. Screening and managing psychological distress in women with a history of violence is preferable, and integrating psychosocial care into court services is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerusalem Sewalem
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, P.O.BOX: 419, Dilla, Ethiopia.
| | - Alemayehu Molla
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, P.O.BOX: 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Li X, Wang J. Continuity and change: Violations of private patriarchal practices and domestic violence against rural wives in China. Health Care Women Int 2021; 43:898-913. [PMID: 34586956 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2021.1963967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated how violations of private patriarchal practices affect physical, psychological, and sexual violence against rural wives. The sample was drawn from nationally representative data from the third wave survey on the Social Status of Women in China. We found that (1) women making a similar income or more than their husbands were more likely to experience psychological and physical violence, respectively; (2) the wife's migration experience increased her risk of psychological and sexual violence; (3) husband doing more housework decreased the odds of psychological violence, and equal distribution of housework reduced the likelihood of physical and psychological violence; (4) infertility or having given birth to only daughters was not associated with any form of violence; and (5) equal marital power decreased the wife's likelihood to suffer three forms of violence. A balanced conjugal power structure may effectively prevent domestic violence against wives in societies with traditional and modern influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Li
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
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Wei W, Sarker T, Żukiewicz-Sobczak W, Roy R, Alam GMM, Rabbany MG, Hossain MS, Aziz N. The Influence of Women's Empowerment on Poverty Reduction in the Rural Areas of Bangladesh: Focus on Health, Education and Living Standard. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136909. [PMID: 34199117 PMCID: PMC8293807 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Women’s empowerment has a great influence on health, nutrition, education, and the overall well-being of societies as well as of the children and households. This study investigates the effect of women’s empowerment on poverty reduction and focuses on household deprivation, in terms of education, health, and standard of living. Primary data was collected from 914 married women from rural areas of Bangladesh using a well-structured questionnaire and a random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and ordinary least squares models were used in this study. The results indicate that increased women’s access to education, asset ownership, decision-making power on children’s health and education, and access to medical facilities, have caused a significant decline in income poverty and multidimensional poverty. However, gender violence, taking resources against women’s will, and preventing women from working outside, have caused a considerable decline in per capita income and an increase in income poverty and multidimensional poverty. Overall, it is found that women’s empowerment has a great impact on the reduction of income poverty and multidimensional poverty in society. The findings of the study can assist and guide policymakers to initiate appropriate strategies for women’s empowerment to reducing poverty in Bangladesh while making progress towards other social and developmental goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- School of Economics and Finance, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Tanwne Sarker
- School of Economics and Finance, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
- Correspondence: or (T.S.); (W.Ż.-S.)
| | - Wioletta Żukiewicz-Sobczak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland
- Correspondence: or (T.S.); (W.Ż.-S.)
| | - Rana Roy
- Department of Agroforestry & Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh;
| | - G. M. Monirul Alam
- Department of Agribusiness, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Ghulam Rabbany
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.G.R.); (M.S.H.)
- Department of Agribusiness and Marketing, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shakhawat Hossain
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.G.R.); (M.S.H.)
- Economic Development and Value Chain Specialist, World Vision Bangladesh, BleNGS Project, Jamalpur 2000, Bangladesh
| | - Noshaba Aziz
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
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