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Dean B, Hartmann T, Wingfield G, Larsen P, Skein M. Sleep restriction between consecutive days of exercise impairs sprint and endurance cycling performance. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13857. [PMID: 37012650 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The study aim was to determine the effect of sleep restriction (3 h) between consecutive days of exercise on sprint and endurance cycling performance, wellness, and mood. A total of 10 well-trained males performed 2 consecutive-day trials separated by a normal night sleep (control [CONT]; mean [SD] sleep duration 3.0 [0.2] h) or sleep restriction (RES; mean [SD] sleep duration 3.0 [0.2] h). Experimental trials included a 90-min fixed-paced cycling bout and the respective sleep conditions on Day 1, followed by two 6-s peak power (6-s PP) tests, a 4- and 20-min time trial (TT) on Day 2. Profile of Mood States (POMS) and wellness questionnaires were recorded on Day 1 and Day 2. Blood lactate and glucose, heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion were recorded throughout Day 2. Power output (PO) was significantly reduced for RES in the 6-s PP trial (mean [SD] 1159 [127] W for RES versus 1250 [186] W for CONT; p = 0.04) and mean PO during the 20-min TT (mean [SD] 237 [59] W for RES versus 255 [58] W for CONT; p = 0.03). There were no differences for HR, lactate and glucose, or POMS between CONT and RES in all experimental trials (p = 0.05-0.89). Participants reported a reduction in overall wellness prior to exercise on Day 2 following RES (mean [SD] 14.5 [1.6] au) compared to CONT (mean [SD] 16 [3.0] au; p = 0.034). Sleep restriction and the associated reductions in wellness, reduce cycling performance during consecutive days of exercise in a range of cycling tests that are relevant to both track and road cyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Dean
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tegan Hartmann
- School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Georgia Wingfield
- Health Intelligence Unit, NSW Local Health District, Orange, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Penelope Larsen
- School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melissa Skein
- School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
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Gallagher C, Green CE, Kenny ML, Evans JR, McCullagh GDW, Pullinger SA, Edwards BJ. Is implementing a post-lunch nap beneficial on evening performance, following two nights partial sleep restriction? Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1169-1186. [PMID: 37722387 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2253908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects that partial-sleep-restriction (PSR0, 4-h sleep retiring at 02:30 and waking at 06:30 h for two consecutive nights) have on 07:30 and 17:00 h cognitive and submaximal weightlifting; and whether this performance improves at 17:00 h following a 13:00 h powernap (0, 30 or 60-min). Fifteen resistance-trained males participated in this study. Prior to the experimental protocol, one repetition max (1RM) bench press and back squat, normative habitual sleep and food intake were recorded. Participants were familiarised with the testing protocol, then completed three experimental conditions: (i) PSR with no nap (PSR0); (ii) PSR with a 30-min nap (PSR30) and (iii) PSR with a 60-min nap (PSR60). Conditions were separated by 7 days with trial order counterbalanced. Intra-aural temperature, Profile of Mood Scores, word-colour interference, alertness and tiredness values were measured at 07:30, 11:00, 14:00, 17:00 h on the day of exercise protocol. Following final temperature measurements at 07:30 h and 17:00 h, participants completed a 5-min active warm-up before performing three repetitions of left and right-hand grip strength, followed by three repetitions at each incremental load (40, 60 and 80% of 1RM) for bench press and back squat, with a 5-min recovery between each repetition. A linear encoder was attached perpendicular to the bar used for the exercises. Average power (AP), average velocity (AV), peak velocity (PV), displacement (D) and time-to-peak velocity (tPV) were measured (MuscleLab software) during the concentric phase of the movements. Data were analysed using general linear models with repeated measures. The main findings were that implementing a nap at 13:00 h had no effect on measures of strength (grip, bench press or back squat). There was a main effect for time of day with greatest performance at 17:00 h for measures of strength. In addition to a significant effect for "load" on the bar for bench press and back squat where AP, AV, PV, D values were greatest at 40% (P < 0.05) and decreased with increased load, whereas tPV and RPE values increased with load; despite this no interaction of "load and condition" were present. A post lunch nap of 30- and 60-minute durations improved mood state, with feelings of alertness, vigour and happiness highest at 17:00 h, in contrast to confusion, tiredness and fatigue (P < 0.05), which were greater in the morning (07:30 h). The word-colour interference test, used as an indicator of cognitive function, reported significant main effect for condition, with the highest total test score in PSR60 condition (P = 0.015). In summary, unlike strength measures the implementation of a 30 or 60-minute nap improved cognitive function when in a partially sleep restricted state, compared to no nap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Gallagher
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chloe E Green
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael L Kenny
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jessie R Evans
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Glenn D W McCullagh
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Ben J Edwards
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Ouergui I, Delleli S, Chtourou H, Selmi O, Bouassida A, Bouhlel E, Franchini E. Diurnal Variation of Specific Tests' Performance and Related Psychological Aspects in Young Judo Athletes. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:687-697. [PMID: 35499504 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2043547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated the effects of time-of-day on judo athletes' performances and the associated psychological variables and perceived exertion following judo-specific tests. Methods: Twelve male judo athletes (age: 16 ± 1 years) performed in a randomized and counterbalanced order the special judo fitness test (SJFT), the judo physical fitness test (JPFT), the dynamic and isometric judogi chin-up tests in the morning (8:00 a.m), midday (12:00 p.m), and afternoon (5:00 p.m). Oral temperature and psychological variables [profile of mood state (POMS), Hooper questionnaire, total quality of recovery (TQR)] were assessed before and after the tests, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) were assessed only after the tests. Results: RPE score was higher in the morning compared to the afternoon after the JPFT (d = 0.38, p = .045). PACES after JPFT was higher in the morning compared to midday (d = 0.85, p < .001). The isometric and dynamic performances during chin-up tests were higher in the afternoon compared to the morning (d = 0.38, p = .048 and 0.047, respectively). Also, oral temperature was higher in the afternoon compared to the morning (d = 0.41, p = .050) and the midday (p = .047) for dynamic test, while TQR, well-being indices, and POMS did not differ according to time-of-day (p > .05). Conclusions: These results suggest that dynamic and isometric judo chin-up tests are time-of-day dependent with higher performance recorded in the afternoon than in the morning. However, performances in the JPFT and SJFT were not time-of-day dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Université de Sfax
- Observatoire National du Sport, Tunisie
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Nobari H, Azarian S, Saedmocheshi S, Valdés-Badilla P, García Calvo T. Narrative review: The role of circadian rhythm on sports performance, hormonal regulation, immune system function, and injury prevention in athletes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19636. [PMID: 37809566 PMCID: PMC10558889 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was a narrative review of the importance of circadian rhythm (CR), describes the underlying mechanisms of CR in sports performance, emphasizes the reciprocal link between CR, endocrine homeostasis and sex differences, and the unique role of the circadian clock in immune system function and coordination. Method As a narrative review study, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (core collection) databases using the keywords "circadian rhythm", "sports performance", "hormonal regulation", "immune system", and "injury prevention". Inclusion criteria were studies published in English and peer-reviewed journals until July 2023. Studies that examined the role of CR in sports performance, hormonal status, immune system function, and injury prevention in athletes were selected for review. Results CR is followed by almost all physiological and biochemical activities in the human body. In humans, the superchiasmatic nucleus controls many daily biorhythms under solar time, including the sleep-wake cycle. A body of literature indicates that the peak performance of essential indicators of sports performance is primarily in the afternoon hours, and the evening of actions occurs roughly at the peak of core body temperature. Recent studies have demonstrated that the time of day that exercise is performed affects the achievement of good physical performance. This review also shows various biomarkers of cellular damage in weariness and the underlying mechanisms of diurnal fluctuations. According to the clock, CR can be synchronized with photonic and non-photonic stimuli (i.e., temperature, physical activity, and food intake), and feeding patterns and diet changes can affect CR and redox markers. It also emphasizes the reciprocal links between CR and endocrine homeostasis, the specific role of the circadian clock in coordinating immune system function, and the relationship between circadian clocks and sex differences. Conclusion The interaction between insufficient sleep and time of day on performance has been established in this study because it is crucial to balance training, recovery, and sleep duration to attain optimal sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Somayeh Azarian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Saber Saedmocheshi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, 3530000, Chile
- Sports Coach Career, School of Education, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, 2520000, Chile
| | - Tomás García Calvo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
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Lopes TR, Pereira HM, Bittencourt LRA, Silva BM. How Much Does Sleep Deprivation Impair Endurance Performance? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur J Sport Sci 2022:1-14. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2155583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Ribeiro Lopes
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology at Olympic Center of Training and Research, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- São Paulo Association for Medicine Development, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hugo Maxwell Pereira
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | | | - Bruno Moreira Silva
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology at Olympic Center of Training and Research, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Castelli L, Walzik D, Joisten N, Watson M, Montaruli A, Oberste M, Roveda E, Zimmer P. Effect of sleep and fatigue on cardiovascular performance in young, healthy subjects. Physiol Behav 2022; 256:113963. [PMID: 36108801 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Physical performance could be negatively affected by sleep deficiency and fatigue. The present study assesses the role of sleep quality, fatigue and motivation on cardiovascular performance (VO2peak, Wmax, and HRmax) in a sample of active young subjects. The current study is a cross-sectional design. Ninety-six university students (males 54.2%; 21.5 ± 2.9 yrs) completed an incremental exercise test on a bicycle ergometer. Sleep, fatigue, and motivation were assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and two visual analogue scales, respectively. Differences in VO2peak, Wmax, HRmax, self-perceived fatigue and motivation were compared between good and bad sleepers and sleep duration >/<7.5 h, while regression analysis defined the predictors of VO2peak, Wmax, and HRmax. In the male sample, good and bad sleepers' differences were significant only for self-perceived fatigue (p = 0.04). The female sample showed no statistically significant differences between good and bad sleepers and different sleep durations. In the male sample, linear regression analysis showed a significant inverse correlation between Wmax and the PSQI score (-0.4, p = 0.004). The stepwise regression model indicated that sleep (β = -0.3, p = 0.02) was a significant predictor of VO2peak in males accounting for 20% of the variance, whereas physical performance seems more affected by fatigue (β = -0.4, p = 0.03) in females. In conclusion, chronic inadequate and self-reported sleep quality seems to be one of the factors compromising cardiovascular performance in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - David Walzik
- Division for Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University Otto‑Hahn‑Straße, 344227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Division for Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University Otto‑Hahn‑Straße, 344227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthew Watson
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Angela Montaruli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Max Oberste
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eliana Roveda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division for Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University Otto‑Hahn‑Straße, 344227 Dortmund, Germany.
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Coel RA, Pujalte GGA, Applewhite AI, Zaslow T, Cooper G, Ton AN, Benjamin HJ. Sleep and the Young Athlete. Sports Health 2022:19417381221108732. [PMID: 35855519 DOI: 10.1177/19417381221108732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Sleep plays a vital role in cognitive and physical performance. Teenage athletes (ages 13-19 years) are considered especially at risk for disordered sleep and associated negative cognitive, physical, and psychosomatic effects. However, there is a paucity of evidence-based recommendations to promote sleep quality and quantity in athletes who fall within this age range. We performed a review of the literature to reveal evidence-based findings and recommendations to help sports instructors, athletic trainers, physical therapists, physicians, and other team members caring for young athletes provide guidance on sleep optimization for peak sports performance and injury risk reduction. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched on May 11, 2016, and then again on September 1, 2020, for relevant articles published to date. STUDY DESIGN Narrative review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. RESULTS Few studies exist on the effects disordered sleep may have on teenage athletes. By optimizing sleep patterns in young athletes during training and competitions, physical and mental performance, and overall well-being, may be optimized. Adequate sleep has been shown to improve the performance of athletes, although further studies are needed. CONCLUSION Twenty-five percent of total sleep time should be deep sleep, with a recommended sleep time of 8 to 9 hours for most young athletes. Screen and television use during athletes' bedtime should be minimized to improve sleep quality and quantity. For young athletes who travel, jet lag can be minimized by allowing 1 day per time zone crossed for adjustment, limiting caffeine intake, planning meals and onboard sleeping to coincide with destination schedules, timing arrivals in the morning whenever possible, and using noise-canceling headphones and eyeshades. STRENGTH-OF-RECOMMENDATION TAXONOMY (SORT) B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Coel
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - George G A Pujalte
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.,Division of Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Tracy Zaslow
- Children's Orthopedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - George Cooper
- Division of Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Angie N Ton
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Holly J Benjamin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Charest J, Grandner MA. Sleep and Athletic Performance: Impacts on Physical Performance, Mental Performance, Injury Risk and Recovery, and Mental Health: An Update. Sleep Med Clin 2022; 17:263-282. [PMID: 35659079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sleep health is an important consideration for athletic performance. Athletes are at high risk of insufficient sleep duration, poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness and fatigue, suboptimal sleep schedules, irregular sleep schedules, and sleep and circadian disorders. These issues likely have an impact on athletic performance via several domains. Sleep loss and/or poor sleep quality can impair muscular strength, speed, and other aspects of physical performance. Sleep issues can also increase risk of concussions and other injuries and impair recovery after injury. Cognitive performance is also impacted in several domains, including vigilance, learning and memory, decision making, and creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Charest
- Department of Psychology, Universite Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre for Sleep and Human Performance, #106, 51 Sunpark Drive Southeast, Calgary, Alberta T2X 3V4, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael A Grandner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, PO Box 245002, Tucson, AZ 8524-5002, USA.
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Ravindrakumar A, Bommasamudram T, Tod D, Edwards BJ, Chtourou H, Pullinger SA. Daily variation in performance measures related to anaerobic power and capacity: A systematic review. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:421-455. [PMID: 34978950 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1994585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Numerous functional measures related to anaerobic performance display daily variation. The diversity of tests and protocols used to assess anaerobic performance related to diurnal effects and the lack of a standardized approach have hindered agreement in the literature. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate and systematically review the evidence relating to time-of-day differences in anaerobic performance measures. The entire content of PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, SPORTDiscus® (via EBSCOhost) and Web of Science and multiple electronic libraries were searched. Only experimental research studies conducted in male adult participants aged ≥ 18 yrs before May 2021 were included. Studies assessing tests related to anaerobic capacity or anaerobic power between a minimum of two time-points during the day (morning vs evening) were deemed eligible. The primary search revealed that a total of 55 out of 145 articles were considered eligible and subsequently included. Thirty-nine studies assessed anaerobic power and twenty-five anaerobic capacity using different modes of exercise and test protocols. Forty-eight studies found several of their performance variables to display time-of-day effects, with higher values in the evening than the morning, while seven studies did not find any time-of-day significance in any variables which were assessed. The magnitude of difference is dependent on the modality and the exercise protocol used. Performance measures for anaerobic power found jump tests displayed 2.7 to 12.3% differences, force velocity tests ~8% differences, sprint tests 2.7 to 11.3% differences and 5-m multiple shuttle run tests 3.7 to 13.1% differences in favour of the evening. Performance measures for anaerobic capacity found Wingate test to display 1.8 to 11.7% differences and repeated sprint tests to display 3.4 to 10.2% differences. The only test not to display time-of-day differences was the running based anaerobic sprint test (RAST). Time-of-day variations in anaerobic performance has previously been partially explained by higher core-body and/or muscle temperature and better muscle contractile properties in the afternoon, although recent findings suggest that differences in methodology, motivation/arousal, habitual training times and chronotypes could provide additional explanations. There is a clear demand for a rigorous, standardised approach to be adopted by future investigations which control factors that specifically relate to investigations of time-of-day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Ravindrakumar
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Tulasiram Bommasamudram
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - David Tod
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ben J Edwards
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia.,Institut Supérieur Du Sport Et De l'Education Physique De Sfax, Université De Sfax, Sfax Tunisie
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Craven J, McCartney D, Desbrow B, Sabapathy S, Bellinger P, Roberts L, Irwin C. Effects of Acute Sleep Loss on Physical Performance: A Systematic and Meta-Analytical Review. Sports Med 2022; 52:2669-2690. [PMID: 35708888 PMCID: PMC9584849 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep loss may influence subsequent physical performance. Quantifying the impact of sleep loss on physical performance is critical for individuals involved in athletic pursuits. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SEARCH AND INCLUSION Studies were identified via the Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO online databases. Investigations measuring exercise performance under 'control' (i.e., normal sleep, > 6 h in any 24 h period) and 'intervention' (i.e., sleep loss, ≤ 6 h sleep in any 24 h period) conditions were included. Performance tasks were classified into different exercise categories (anaerobic power, speed/power endurance, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), strength, endurance, strength-endurance, and skill). Multi-level random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses were conducted, including subgroup analyses to explore the influence of sleep-loss protocol (e.g., deprivation, restriction, early [delayed sleep onset] and late restriction [earlier than normal waking]), time of day the exercise task was performed (AM vs. PM) and body limb strength (upper vs. lower body). RESULTS Overall, 227 outcome measures (anaerobic power: n = 58; speed/power endurance: n = 32; HIIE: n = 27; strength: n = 66; endurance: n = 22; strength-endurance: n = 9; skill: n = 13) derived from 69 publications were included. Results indicated a negative impact of sleep loss on the percentage change (%Δ) in exercise performance (n = 959 [89%] male; mean %Δ = - 7.56%, 95% CI - 11.9 to - 3.13, p = 0.001, I2 = 98.1%). Effects were significant for all exercise categories. Subgroup analyses indicated that the pattern of sleep loss (i.e., deprivation, early and late restriction) preceding exercise is an important factor, with consistent negative effects only observed with deprivation and late-restriction protocols. A significant positive relationship was observed between time awake prior to the exercise task and %Δ in performance for both deprivation and late-restriction protocols (~ 0.4% decrease for every hour awake prior to exercise). The negative effects of sleep loss on different exercise tasks performed in the PM were consistent, while tasks performed in the AM were largely unaffected. CONCLUSIONS Sleep loss appears to have a negative impact on exercise performance. If sleep loss is anticipated and unavoidable, individuals should avoid situations that lead to experiencing deprivation or late restriction, and prioritise morning exercise in an effort to maintain performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Craven
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia ,Queensland Academy of Sport, Nathan, QLD Australia
| | - Danielle McCartney
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Ben Desbrow
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Surendran Sabapathy
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Phillip Bellinger
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia ,Griffith Sports Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD Australia
| | - Llion Roberts
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia ,Griffith Sports Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD Australia ,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Christopher Irwin
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia
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11
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Nikolaidis PT, Knechtle B. Development and Validation of Prediction Formula of Wingate Test Peak Power From Force-Velocity Test in Male Soccer Players. Front Psychol 2021; 12:729247. [PMID: 34912266 PMCID: PMC8667574 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.729247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peak power of the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT), either in W (Ppeak) or in W.kg–1 (rPpeak), has been widely used to evaluate the performance of soccer players; however, its relationship with force–velocity (F-v) test (e.g., whether these tests can be used interchangeably) has received little scientific attention so far. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a prediction equation of Ppeak and rPpeak from F-v characteristics in male soccer players. Participants were 158 adult male soccer players (sport experience 11.4 ± 4.5 years, mean ± standard deviation, approximately five weekly training units, age 22.6 ± 3.9 years, body mass 74.8 ± 7.8 kg, and height 178.3 ± 7.8 cm) who performed both WAnT and F-v test. An experimental (EXP, n = 79) and a control group (CON, n = 79) were used for development and validation, respectively, of the prediction equation of Ppeak and rPpeak from F-v test. In EXP, Ppeak correlated very largely with body mass (r = 0.787), fat-free mass (r = 0.765), largely with maximal power of F-v test (Pmax; r = 0.639), body mass index (r = 0.603), height (r = 0.558), moderately with theoretical maximal force (F0; r = 0.481), percentage of body fat (r = 0.471), fat mass (r = 0.443, p < 0.001); rPpeak correlated with rPmax (largely; r = 0.596, p < 0.001), theoretical maximal velocity (v0; moderately; r = 0.341, p = 0.002), F0 (small magnitude; r = 0.280, p = 0.012), BF (r = −0.230, p = 0.042), and fat mass (r = −0.242, p = 0.032). Ppeak in EXP could be predicted using the formula “44.251 + 7.431 × body mass (kg) + 0.576 × Pmax (W) – 19.512 × F0” (R = 0.912, R2 = 0.833, standard error of estimate (SEE) = 42.616), and rPpeak from “3.148 + 0.218 × rPmax (W.kg–1) + v0 (rpm)” (R = 0.765, R2 = 0.585, SEE = 0.514). Applying these formulas in CON, no bias was observed between the actual and the predicted Ppeak (mean difference 2.5 ± 49.8 W; 95% CI, −8.7, 13.6; p = 0.661) and rPpeak (mean difference 0.05 ± 0.71 W.kg–1; 95% CI, −0.11, 0.21, p = 0.525). These findings provided indirect estimates of Ppeak of the WAnT, especially useful in periods when this test should not be applied considering the fatigue it causes; in this context, the F-v test can be considered as an alternative of exercise testing for estimating the average Ppeak of a group of soccer players rather than for predicting individual scores when the interindividual variation of performance is small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantelis T Nikolaidis
- School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Nikaia, Greece
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Mhenni T, Souissi A, Tayech A, Yousfi N, Mejri MA, Chamari K, Souissi N, Khlifa R, Haddad M. The effect of Ramadan fasting on the morning-evening difference in team-handball-related short-term maximal physical performances in elite female team-handball players. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1488-1499. [PMID: 34112026 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1932994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The combined effect of Ramadan fasting and the time of theday on the physical performance of team-handball players has not yet been fully investigated. This study investigated the effects of Ramadan fasting on the morning-evening difference in team-handball-related short-term maximal physical performance. With acounterbalanced study design, 15 elite female team-handball players underwent the hand grip (HG), ball throwing velocity (BTV), modified agility T-test (MAT), and repeated shuttle-sprint and jump ability (RSSJA) tests at 07:00 h and 17:00 h, one week before Ramadan (BR), and during thesecond (SWR) and fourth week of Ramadan (4WR). The oral temperature (OT) was monitored prior to exercise and the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) scale were obtained after RSSJA. The results showed that the time of theday had an effect on OT under all conditions. The HG, BTV, and MAT test performances were higher in the evening than in the morning BR (P< .001, P< .05, and P< .001, respectively). However, the diurnal variation noted in the HG and MAT tests was reversed during the SWR and 4WR, while the BTV variation was blunted during the SWR and reversed during the 4WR. The best RSSJA performance was observed in the evening BR. However, for the best and mean sprint times, areversal of this diurnal variation was observed, which was blunted for the mean jump height and sprint time decrement during Ramadan. Moreover, RPE were influenced by the time of theday and the month of Ramadan. These findings suggest that the diurnal variation of team-handball-related short-term maximal physical performance may be reversed and/or blunted during Ramadan fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thouraya Mhenni
- Tunisian Research Laboratory ''Sports Performance Optimization'', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amine Souissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Tayech
- Tunisian Research Laboratory ''Sports Performance Optimization'', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Narimen Yousfi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory ''Sports Performance Optimization'', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Arbi Mejri
- Tunisian Research Laboratory ''Sports Performance Optimization'', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Chamari
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Khlifa
- Research Unit (UR17JS01) "Sport Performance, Health & Society", High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Saïd, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Monoem Haddad
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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13
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Jorquera-Aguilera C, Barahona-Fuentes G, Pérez Peña MJ, Yeomans Cabrera MM, Huerta Ojeda Á. Sleep Quality in Chilean Professional Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115866. [PMID: 34072595 PMCID: PMC8198782 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shown that good sleep quality has a positive effect on physical performance. However, sleep quality in Chilean professional soccer players is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine sleep quality in Chilean professional soccer players. It was a cross-sectional, explanatory study with observable variables. The sample consisted of 94 Chilean male soccer players belonging to four professional clubs. The main variable was the Sleep Quality Index, evaluated through the Pittsburgh questionnaire (Spanish version). After estimating sleep quality individually, the four professional soccer clubs’ comparison was performed through a one-factor ANOVA. The Pearson test was used to relate the questionnaire variables; the significance level was p < 0.05. In the global analysis of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, a value of 4.75 ± 2.29 on a scale of 0–21 was observed, with no significant differences between the clubs evaluated (p > 0.05). Based on the results obtained, Chilean male professional soccer players present good sleep quality. However, the high values of “sleep latency” and “sleep disturbances” are indicators that should be worked on by the multidisciplinary team of each professional club. They should develop strategies to improve sleep hygiene, encourage good sleep, and fall asleep efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jorquera-Aguilera
- Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
| | - Guillermo Barahona-Fuentes
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, sede Viña del Mar 2531098, Chile;
| | - María José Pérez Peña
- Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Magíster en Nutrición para la Actividad Física y Deporte, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
| | | | - Álvaro Huerta Ojeda
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, sede Viña del Mar 2531098, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-9-77980432
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14
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Papadakis Z, Forsse JS, Stamatis A. High-Intensity Interval Exercise Performance and Short-Term Metabolic Responses to Overnight-Fasted Acute-Partial Sleep Deprivation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3655. [PMID: 33915744 PMCID: PMC8037712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
People practicing high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) fasted during the morning hours under a lack of sleep. Such a habit may jeopardize the health benefits related to HIIE and adequate sleep. Fifteen habitually good sleeper males (age 31.1 ± 5.3 SD year) completed on a treadmill two isocaloric (500 kcal) HIIE sessions (3:2 min work:rest) averaged at 70% VO2reserve after 9-9.5 h of reference sleep exercise (RSE) and after 3-3.5 h of acute-partial sleep deprivation exercise (SSE). Diet and sleep patterns were controlled both 1 week prior and 2 days leading up to RSE and SSE. HIIE related performance and substrate utilization data were obtained from the continuous analysis of respiratory gases. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with the baseline maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and body fat percentage (BF%) as covariates at p < 0.05. No difference was observed in VO2max, time to complete the HIIE, VE, RER, CHO%, and FAT% utilization during the experimental conditions. Whether attaining an adequate amount of sleep or not, the fasted HIIE performance and metabolism were not affected. We propose to practice the fasted HIIE under adequate sleep to receive the pleiotropic beneficial effects of sleep to the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey S. Forsse
- Baylor Laboratories for Exercise Science and Technologies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 40385, USA;
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15
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Romdhani M, Hammouda O, Smari K, Chaabouni Y, Mahdouani K, Driss T, Souissi N. Total Sleep Deprivation and Recovery Sleep Affect the Diurnal Variation of Agility Performance: The Gender Differences. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:132-140. [PMID: 29864109 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Romdhani, M, Hammouda, O, Smari, K, Chaabouni, Y, Mahdouani, K, Driss, T, and Souissi, N. Total sleep deprivation and recovery sleep affect the diurnal variation of agility performance: The gender differences. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 132-140, 2021-This study aimed to investigate the effects of time-of-day, 24 and 36 hours of total sleep deprivation (TSD), and recovery sleep (RS) on repeated-agility performances. Twenty-two physical education students (11 male and 11 female students) completed 5 repeated modified agility T-test (RMAT) sessions (i.e., 2 after normal sleep night [NSN] [at 07:00 and 17:00 hours], 2 after TSD [at 07:00 hours, i.e., 24-hour TSD and at 17:00 hours, i.e., 36-hour TSD], and 1 after RS at 17:00 hours). The RMAT index decreased from the morning to the afternoon after NSN (p < 0.05, d = 1.05; p < 0.01, d = 0.73) and after TSD (p < 0.001, d = 0.92; d = 1.08), respectively, for total time (TT) and peak time (PT). This finding indicates a diurnal variation in repeated agility, which persisted after TSD. However, the diurnal increase in PT was less marked in the female group after NSN (2.98 vs. 6.24%). Moreover, TT and PT increased, respectively, after 24-hour TSD (p < 0.001; d = 0.84, d = 0.87) and 36-hour TSD (p < 0.001, d = 1.12; p < 0.01, d = 0.65). Female subjects' PT was less affected by 24-hour TSD (1.76 vs. 6.81%) compared with male subjects' PT. After 36-hour TSD, the amount of decrease was not different between groups, which increased the diurnal amplitude of PT only for male subjects. Total sleep deprivation suppressed the diurnal increase of PT and increased the diurnal amplitude of oral temperature only in women. Nevertheless, RS normalized the sleep-loss-induced performance disruption. Conclusively, sleep loss and RS differently affect repeated-agility performance of men and women during the day. Sleep extension postdeprivation could have potent restorative effect on repeated-agility performances, and female subjects could extract greater benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Romdhani
- National Observatory of Sports, Exercise Physiology Departement, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Said, Departement of Biology, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Research Center on Sport and Movement (CeRSM), UFP STAPS, University of Paris Nanterre, France
- Research Unit, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, UR12ES17, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khawla Smari
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Said, Departement of Biology, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
- Research Unit, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, UR12ES17, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Chaabouni
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Ibn Jazzar, Kairouan, Tunisia ; and
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products (LATVEP), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Kacem Mahdouani
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Ibn Jazzar, Kairouan, Tunisia ; and
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products (LATVEP), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Tarak Driss
- Research Center on Sport and Movement (CeRSM), UFP STAPS, University of Paris Nanterre, France
| | - Nizar Souissi
- National Observatory of Sports, Exercise Physiology Departement, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Said, Departement of Biology, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
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16
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Souissi N, Zouita A, Abedelmalek S, Trabelsi K, Clark CCT, Dziri K, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Partial sleep restriction impairs static postural control in elite judo athletes. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2020.1843254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nafaa Souissi
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amira Zouita
- Biomechanics Laboratory, National Institute of Orthopedics “M.T. Kassab”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salma Abedelmalek
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Sousse, Tunisia
- Research Unit, Departement of Sport Science and Physical Activity, Colfoote of Education, University of Ha’il, Ha'il, Arabi Saudi Kingdom
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory “Education, Motricité, Sport etSanté”, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Katherine Dziri
- Biomechanics Laboratory, National Institute of Orthopedics “M.T. Kassab”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
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17
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Baati H, Chtourou H, Moalla W, Jarraya M, Nikolaidis PT, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. Effect of Angle of View and Partial Sleep Deprivation on Distance Perception. Front Psychol 2020; 11:201. [PMID: 32218750 PMCID: PMC7078342 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of intensive effort on egocentric distance perception according to different angles of view after sleep deprivation at the beginning (SDB) or at the end (SDE) of the night and after a normal sleep night (NNS). Ten male students soccer players (age 22.8 ± 1.3 years; body mass 72.0 ± 10.4 kg; body height 180.0 ± 3.0 cm) performed a repeated cycling (RS) exercise (10 × 6 s maximal cycling with 24 s in between) after SDB, SDE, and NNS. They were asked to estimate three distances (i.e. 15, 25, and 35 m) before and after RS from different angles of view [i.e. in front (0°) and in side (45° left and 45° right)]. For 35 m, distance estimation was better during NNS compared to SDB and SDE for the front and the two side angles either before or after RS (p < 0.05). Concerning 25 m, distance estimation was better after compared to before RS for the front angle during the NNS session (p < 0.05). For 15 m, distance estimation was better during NNS than SDB and SDE for the front and both side angles after RS (p < 0.05). We concluded that partial sleep deprivation negatively affected the estimation of the egocentric distance for the three angles of view either at rest or after RS exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Baati
- LR18JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia.,Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'Education Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Moalla
- LR18JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Jarraya
- LR18JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'Education Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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18
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Sleep and Athletic Performance: Impacts on Physical Performance, Mental Performance, Injury Risk and Recovery, and Mental Health. Sleep Med Clin 2020; 15:41-57. [PMID: 32005349 PMCID: PMC9960533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Research has characterized the sleep of elite athletes and attempted to identify factors associated with athletic performance, cognition, health, and mental well-being. Sleep is a fundamental component of performance optimization among elite athletes, yet only recently embraced by sport organizations as an important part of training and recovery. Sleep plays a crucial role in physical and cognitive performance and is an important factor in reducing risk of injury. This article aims to highlight the prevalence of poor sleep, describe its impacts, and address the issue of sport culture surrounding healthy sleep.
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19
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Pullinger SA, Cocking S, Robertson CM, Tod D, Doran DA, Burniston JG, Varamenti E, Edwards BJ. Time-of-day variation on performance measures in repeated-sprint tests: a systematic review. Chronobiol Int 2019; 37:451-468. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1703732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Pullinger
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Sports Science Department, Aspire Academy,
Doha, Qatar
| | - Scott Cocking
- Sports Science Department, Aspire Academy,
Doha, Qatar
| | - Colin M. Robertson
- School for Sport and Biological Sciences, University of Bolton, Bolton, UK
| | - David Tod
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dominic A. Doran
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jatin G. Burniston
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Ben J Edwards
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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20
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Hsouna H, Boukhris O, Abdessalem R, Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Shephard RJ, Chtourou H. Effect of different nap opportunity durations on short-term maximal performance, attention, feelings, muscle soreness, fatigue, stress and sleep. Physiol Behav 2019; 211:112673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Cullen T, Thomas G, Wadley AJ, Myers T. The effects of a single night of complete and partial sleep deprivation on physical and cognitive performance: A Bayesian analysis. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:2726-2734. [PMID: 31608829 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1662539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of complete and partial sleep deprivation on multiple aspects of athletic performance. Ten males completed a cognitive function test, maximal handgrip strength, countermovement jump (CMJ) and a 15 min all out cycling test to assess aerobic performance. These tests were performed following 3 different sleep conditions; normal sleep (CON), a 4 hr sleep opportunity (PART) and complete sleep deprivation (DEP). Data were analysed using a Bayesian multi-level regression model to provide probabilities of impairment (p = %). Aerobic performance, CMJ and handgrip strength were impaired by 11.4% (p = 100%), 10.9% (p = 100%) and 6% (p = 97%) following DEP, while aerobic performance and CMJ were highly likely impaired by 4.1% (p = 90%) and 5.2% (p = 94%) following PART. Cognitive reaction time was not impacted by PART or DEP. In contrast the accuracy of responses was highly likely impaired by 2% (91) following DEP, while there was less certainty of impaired accuracy following PART (-1%, p = 73). Multiple aspects of physical and cognitive performance were impacted by sleep deprivation. The greatest detrimental effects were seen for aerobic performance and CMJ. Partial sleep deprivation equating to 4 hrs of sleep causes subtle, but potentially important negative impairments on athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Cullen
- Centre for Sport Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
- School of Sport & Exercise Science, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - Gavin Thomas
- School of Sport & Exercise Science, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - Alex J. Wadley
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Tony Myers
- Sport, Physical Activity and Health Research Centre, Newman University, Birmingham, UK
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22
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Dergaa I, Fessi MS, Chaabane M, Souissi N, Hammouda O. The effects of lunar cycle on the diurnal variations of short-term maximal performance, mood state, and perceived exertion. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1249-1257. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1637346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Dergaa
- Research Unit, Physical Activity, sport and health, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Saifeddin Fessi
- Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Unit, Physical Activity, sport and health, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Research Unit, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Center on Sport and Movement (Centre de Recherches sur le Sport et le Mouvement, CeRSM), UPL, Univ Paris Nanterre, UFR STAPS, Nanterre, France
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23
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Vitale KC, Owens R, Hopkins SR, Malhotra A. Sleep Hygiene for Optimizing Recovery in Athletes: Review and Recommendations. Int J Sports Med 2019; 40:535-543. [PMID: 31288293 DOI: 10.1055/a-0905-3103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
For elite athletes who exercise at a high level, sleep is critical to overall health. Many studies have documented the effects of sleep deprivation in the general population, but few studies exist regarding specific effects in the athlete. This review summarizes the effects of sleep deprivation and sleep extension on athletic performance, including reaction time, accuracy, strength and endurance, and cognitive function. There are clear negative effects of sleep deprivation on performance, including reaction time, accuracy, vigor, submaximal strength, and endurance. Cognitive functions such as judgment and decision-making also suffer. Sleep extension can positively affect reaction times, mood, sprint times, tennis serve accuracy, swim turns, kick stroke efficiency, and increased free throw and 3-point accuracy. Banking sleep (sleep extension prior to night of intentional sleep deprivation before sporting event) is a new concept that may also improve performance. For sports medicine providers, the negative effects of sleep deprivation cannot be overstated to athletes. To battle sleep deprivation, athletes may seek supplements with potentially serious side effects; improving sleep quality however is simple and effective, benefiting not only athlete health but also athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C Vitale
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, United States
| | - Roberts Owens
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, United States
| | - Susan R Hopkins
- Medicine and Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States
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Zghibi M, Mzid Abdelmalek S, Sahli H, Ben Khlifa W, Selmi O. Effect of time of day on the offensive capability and aerobic performance in football game. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1445499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makrem Zghibi
- Sportive Performance & Physical Rehabilitation (S2PR) (UR13JS01), Research Unit, University Campus of Boulifa, Le Kef, Tunisia
| | - Salma Mzid Abdelmalek
- Sportive Performance & Physical Rehabilitation (S2PR) (UR13JS01), Research Unit, University Campus of Boulifa, Le Kef, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Sahli
- Sportive Performance & Physical Rehabilitation (S2PR) (UR13JS01), Research Unit, University Campus of Boulifa, Le Kef, Tunisia
| | - Wissam Ben Khlifa
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education Kef, University of Jendouba, Tunisia The University Campus of Boulifa, Le Kef, Tunisia
| | - Okba Selmi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Research Unit, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
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Abstract
Perturbed diurnal rhythms are becoming increasingly evident as deleterious events in the pathology of metabolic diseases. Exercise is well characterized as a crucial intervention in the prevention and treatment of individuals with metabolic diseases. Little is known, however, regarding optimizing the timing of exercise bouts in order to maximize their health benefits. Furthermore, exercise is a potent modulator of skeletal muscle metabolism, and it is clear that skeletal muscle has a strong circadian profile. In humans, mitochondrial function peaks in the late afternoon, and the circadian clock might be inherently impaired in myotubes from patients with metabolic disease. Timing exercise bouts to coordinate with an individual's circadian rhythms might be an efficacious strategy to optimize the health benefits of exercise. The role of exercise as a Zeitgeber can also be used as a tool in combating metabolic disease. Shift work is known to induce acute insulin resistance, and appropriately timed exercise might improve health markers in shift workers who are at risk of metabolic disease. In this Review, we discuss the literature regarding diurnal skeletal muscle metabolism and the interaction with exercise bouts at different times of the day to combat metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan M Gabriel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Gueldich H, Zghal F, Borji R, Chtourou H, Sahli S, Rebai H. The effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on the underlying mechanisms of force production capacity during maximal isometric voluntary contraction. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:698-708. [PMID: 30889992 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1592183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on the underlying mechanisms of force production capacity during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) using the superimposed twitch technique. Ten healthy male physical education students performed three MVIC of the knee extensor superimposed with nerve electrical stimulation during four testing phases: one week before Ramadan (BR), at the end of the first week of Ramadan (R-1), during the fourth week of Ramadan (R-4) and two weeks after Ramadan (AR). This study was performed during Ramadan 2016. MVIC values, voluntary activation level (VAL), potentiated resting twitch and electromyography signals were recorded during each MVIC. The French version of the Profile of Mood States questionnaire (POMS-f) was used to evaluate the subjective mood states in each testing session. The results showed that MVIC values (890.57 ± 67.90 vs. 816.46 ± 54.72 N) and VAL (87.73 ± 3.27 vs. 77.32 ± 7.87%) decreased at R-1 compared to BR (p < 0.001). However, the neuromuscular efficiency and the potentiated resting twitch remained unchanged during Ramadan (R). Results showed that depression (p < 0.01; 6.3 ± 1.57 vs. 4.7 ± 1.25), fatigue (p < 0.001; 9.2 ± 1.93 vs. 4.6 ± 2.01) and anxiety (p < 0.001; 6.4 ± 1.51 vs. 11.8 ± 1.23) scores of POMS-f were higher during R-1 compared to BR. In conclusion, RIF-related impairment of maximal muscle force seems to be related to nervous alterations of the VAL, whereas the RIF did not adversely affect peripheral mechanisms. Abbreviations' List: ANOVA: Analysis of variance; AR: After Ramadan; BMI: Body-mass index; BR: Before Ramadan; EMG: Electromyography; ER: End of Ramadan; MF: Mean frequency; Mmax: Peak-to-peak M-wave amplitudes; MVIV: Maximal voluntary isometric contraction; NES: Nerve electrical stimulation; NME: Neuromuscular efficiency; POMS-f: French version of the Profile of Mood States questionnaire; R: Ramadan; R-1: First week of Ramadan; R-4: Fourth week of Ramadan; RF: Rectus femoris; RIF: Ramadan intermittent fasting; RMS: Root mean square; VAL: Voluntary activation level; VL: Vastus lateralis; VM: Vastus medialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmy Gueldich
- a Research Unit: Education, Motricité, Sports et Santé (UR UR15JS01) , High Institute of Sports and Physical Activity of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Firas Zghal
- a Research Unit: Education, Motricité, Sports et Santé (UR UR15JS01) , High Institute of Sports and Physical Activity of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia.,b Université Côte d'Azur , LAMHESS , France
| | - Rihab Borji
- a Research Unit: Education, Motricité, Sports et Santé (UR UR15JS01) , High Institute of Sports and Physical Activity of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- c Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'éducation physique de Sfax , Université de Sfax , Sfax , Tunisie.,d Activité Physique , Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport , Tunis , Tunisie
| | - Sonia Sahli
- a Research Unit: Education, Motricité, Sports et Santé (UR UR15JS01) , High Institute of Sports and Physical Activity of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Haithem Rebai
- a Research Unit: Education, Motricité, Sports et Santé (UR UR15JS01) , High Institute of Sports and Physical Activity of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
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O'Donnell S, Beaven CM, Driller MW. From pillow to podium: a review on understanding sleep for elite athletes. Nat Sci Sleep 2018; 10:243-253. [PMID: 30197545 PMCID: PMC6112797 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s158598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is considered vital to human health and well-being, and is critical to physiological and cognitive functioning. Elite athletes experience high training and competition demands, and are often exposed to various factors, situations, and environments that can cause sleep impairments. Previous research has shown that athletes commonly experience sleep loss in the lead up to and following competition, which could have significant impacts on their preparation, performance, and recovery. In particular, the results from previous research show significant reductions in total sleep time (~1:40 h:min) and significant increases in sleep latency (~45 minutes) following evening competition. Napping is common in both the training and competition setting in athletes; however, research on the effect of napping on physiology and performance is limited. In contrast, research on strategies and interventions to improve sleep are increasing in the athletic population, with sleep hygiene research resulting in significant improvements in key sleep indices. This review investigates the physiological importance of sleep in athletes, current tools to monitor athletes' sleep, the role of sleep for cognitive functioning and athletic performance, the prevalence of sleep disturbances and the potential mechanisms causing sleep disturbances, the role of napping, and different intervention strategies to improve sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon O'Donnell
- Health, Sport and Human Performance, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand,
| | - Christopher M Beaven
- Health, Sport and Human Performance, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand,
| | - Matthew W Driller
- Health, Sport and Human Performance, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand,
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Li C, Kee YH, Lam LS. Effect of Brief Mindfulness Induction on University Athletes' Sleep Quality Following Night Training. Front Psychol 2018; 9:508. [PMID: 29706914 PMCID: PMC5907683 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the need to alleviate sleep problems confronting athletes, the present experiment, conducted as much as possible in a naturalistic fashion that mimics daily life, seeks to examine whether a brief mindfulness induction immediately prior to sleep following night training can improve athletes' sleep. A sample of university athletes (n = 80) was recruited and 63 of them were eligible to participate in this experiment. They were then randomly assigned into experimental group (n = 32) and control group (n = 31). Following night training and just prior to sleep, those in the experimental group received a self-administered brief 6-min mindfulness induction via a video clip, whereas the control group participants viewed a similar 6-min video devoid of mindfulness induction passively. Questionnaire-based measures of training intensity, pre-sleep arousal, state mindfulness, and sleep diary (i.e., level of rest, sleep duration, and overall sleep quality) were administered. Results showed that brief mindfulness induction reduced pre-sleep arousal, and improved level of rest and overall sleep quality, but not sleep duration. Pre-sleep arousal was also found to be a partial mediator in the relationship between the brief mindfulness induction and reported level of rest during sleep. These findings suggest that the brief mindfulness induction may be an effective approach for decreasing pre-sleep arousal and improving sleep quality after night training among athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Li
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Hwa Kee
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lok Shan Lam
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong
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Ghamgui S, Dahmen R, Souissi N. Effect of time of day on foot performance. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1429554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ghamgui
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Dahmen
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization” National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
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Yousfi N, Mejri MA, Rouissi M, Hammami A, Tabben M, Chaouachi A, Haddad M, Chamari K. Effects of lunar phases on short-term, explosive physical performance among young trained athletes. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:565-572. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1422741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narimen Yousfi
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport. Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University. Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Arbi Mejri
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport. Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University. Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Rouissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University. Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amri Hammami
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Farhat Hached. Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Montassar Tabben
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital. Doha, Qatar
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport. Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Monoem Haddad
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University. Doha, Qatar
| | - Karim Chamari
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital. Doha, Qatar
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31
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Grant MC, Glen J. An investigation into sleep patterns and the effect of time of day on performance in youth swimmers. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1424774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Clare Grant
- Division of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, UK
| | - Jonathan Glen
- Dundee Academy of Sport, Abertay University, Dundee, UK
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32
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Souissi M, Chikh N, Affès H, Sahnoun Z. Caffeine reversal of sleep deprivation effects on alertness, mood and repeated sprint performances in physical education students. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1413765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makram Souissi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Najiba Chikh
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hanène Affès
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zouheir Sahnoun
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Pickering C, Kiely J. Understanding Personalized Training Responses: Can Genetic Assessment Help? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1875399x01710010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Traditional exercise prescription is based on the assumption that exercise adaptation is predictable and standardised across individuals. However, evidence has emerged in the past two decades demonstrating that large inter-individual variation exists regarding the magnitude and direction of adaption following exercise.Objective:The aim of this paper was to discuss the key factors influencing this personalized response to exercise in a narrative review format.Findings:Genetic variation contributes significantly to the personalized training response, with specific polymorphisms associated with differences in exercise adaptation. These polymorphisms exist in a number of pathways controlling exercise adaptation. Environmental factors such as nutrition, psycho-emotional response, individual history and training programme design also modify the inter-individual adaptation following training. Within the emerging field of epigenetics, DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA allow environmental and lifestyle factors to impact genetic expression. These epigenetic mechanisms are themselves modified by genetic and non-genetic factors, illustrating the complex interplay between variables in determining the adaptive response. Given that genetic factors are such a fundamental modulator of the inter-individual response to exercise, genetic testing may provide a useful and affordable addition to those looking to maximise exercise adaption, including elite athletes. However, there are ethical issues regarding the use of genetic tests, and further work is needed to provide evidence based guidelines for their use.Conclusion:There is considerable inter-individual variation in the adaptive response to exercise. Genetic assessments may provide an additional layer of information allowing personalization of training programmes to an individual’s unique biology.
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Arnal PJ, Lapole T, Erblang M, Guillard M, Bourrilhon C, Léger D, Chennaoui M, Millet GY. Sleep Extension before Sleep Loss: Effects on Performance and Neuromuscular Function. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 48:1595-603. [PMID: 27015382 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effects of six nights of sleep extension on motor performance and associated neuromuscular function before and after one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD). METHODS Twelve healthy men participated in two experimental conditions (randomized crossover design): extended sleep (EXT, 9.8 ± 0.1 h time in bed) and habitual sleep (HAB, 8.2 ± 0.1 h time in bed). In each condition, subjects performed six nights of either EXT or HAB at home followed by an assessment of motor performance and neuromuscular function at baseline (D0) and after one night of TSD, i.e., 34-37 h of continuous wakefulness (D1). Maximal voluntary contractions with superimposed femoral nerve electrical and transcranial magnetic stimulations and stimulations on relaxed muscles were investigated before and after submaximal isometric knee extensor exercises performed until task failure. RESULTS Time to exhaustion was longer in EXT compared with HAB (+3.9% ± 7.7% and +8.1% ± 12.3% at D0 and D1, respectively). Performance at D1 decreased from D0 similarly between conditions (-7.2% ± 5.6% and -3.7% ± 7.3% in HAB and EXT, respectively). At D1, the RPE during exercise was lower in EXT compared with HAB (-7.2% ± 7.5%) with no difference at D0. No difference was observed in voluntary activation between the two conditions. CONCLUSIONS Six nights of sleep extension improved sustained contraction time to exhaustion, and this result cannot be explained by smaller reductions in voluntary activation, measured by both nerve and transcranial magnetic stimulation. The beneficial effect on motor performance in the EXT condition was likely due to reduced RPE after TSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick J Arnal
- 1Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, Saint Etienne, FRANCE; 2Fatigue and Vigilance Unit, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge, FRANCE; 3University of Paris Descartes, VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue and Sleep), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris EA7330, FRANCE; 4Extreme Environments Unit, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge, FRANCE; 5Sleep and Vigilance Center, University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, APHP, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, FRANCE; and 6Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, CANADA
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Chase JD, Roberson PA, Saunders MJ, Hargens TA, Womack CJ, Luden ND. One night of sleep restriction following heavy exercise impairs 3-km cycling time-trial performance in the morning. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:909-915. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this project was to examine the influence of a single night of sleep restriction following heavy exercise on cycling time-trial (TT) performance and skeletal muscle function in the morning. Seven recreational cyclists (age, 24 ± 7 years; peak oxygen consumption, 62 ± 4 mL·kg−1·min−1) completed 2 phases, each comprising evening (EX1) and next-morning (EX2) exercise sessions. EX1 and EX2 were separated by an assigned sleep condition: a full night of rest (CON; 7.1 ± 0.3 h of sleep) or sleep restriction through early waking (SR; 2.4 ± 0.2 h). EX1 comprised baseline testing (muscle soreness, isokinetic torque, and 3-km TT performance) followed by heavy exercise that included 60 min of high-intensity cycling intervals and resistance exercise. EX2 was performed to assess recovery from EX1 and included all baseline measures. Magnitude-based inferences were used to evaluate all variables. SR had a negative effect (very likely) on the change in 3-km TT performance compared with CON. Specifically, 3-km TT performance was ‘very likely’ slower during EX2 compared with EX1 following SR (−4.0% ± 3.0%), whereas 3-km TT performance was ‘possibly’ slower during EX2 (vs. EX1) following CON (−0.5% ± 3.0%). Sleep condition did not influence changes in peak torque or muscle soreness from EX1 to EX2. A single night of sleep restriction following heavy exercise had marked consequences on 3-km TT performance the next morning. Because occasional sleep loss is likely, strategies to ameliorate the consequences of sleep loss on performance should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Chase
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Paul A. Roberson
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Michael J. Saunders
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Trent A. Hargens
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Christopher J. Womack
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Nicholas D. Luden
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
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Boussetta N, Abedelmalek S, Aloui K, Souissi N. The effect of air pollution on diurnal variation of performance in anaerobic tests, cardiovascular and hematological parameters, and blood gases on soccer players following the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level-1. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:903-920. [PMID: 28613960 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1325896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of air pollution on diurnal variation of performance in anaerobic tests, cardiovascular and hematological parameters, and blood gases on soccer players following the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level-1 (YYIRT1). In a randomized order, 11 healthy soccer players (mean age: 21.8 [range: 20-24] years; height: 178.00 [range: 1.64-1.83] cm; body mass index [BMI]: 23.57 [range: 20.45-28.03] kg.m-2) performed a YYIRT1 at two different times of day (TOD) (08:00 h and 18:00 h) in two areas (i.e. polluted (PA) and non-polluted (NPA)) with a recovery period of ≥ 72 h in between, to determine the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). In each test session: resting oral temperature is measured, anaerobic performances (pre- and post-YYIRT1) were performed, cardiovascular parameters and blood samples were collected at: rest, 3 min and 60 min after the YYIRT1, to assess blood gases and hematological parameters. Our results showed that, agility performance, VO2max, red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), pH, and bicarbonate levels (HCO3-) decrease significantly (p < 0.001) following the YYIRT1 in PA compared to NPA. Likewise, the heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), platelets (PLT), white blood cells (WBC), neutrophiles (NEUT), lymphocytes (LYM), and partial pressure of CO2 levels (PvCO2) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in PA. This effect was slightly accentuated at 18:00 h for some parameters (i.e. Agility, HCO3-, HR, PvCO2, RBC, SBP). However, performances of sprint and Sargent jump test (SJT), oral temperature, rate of perceived exertion scales (RPE), partial pressure of O2 (PvO2), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and monocytes (MON) were not affected by pollution (p > 0.05). In conclusion, pollution seems to be critical for health stability and performance in response to YYIRT1 especially in the evening and the winter season. Therefore, coaches and athletes should draw attention to the potential importance of land use planning in their training sessions and competitions in the morning in polluted area to minimize the risk of pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Boussetta
- a Research Unit of Physical Activity, Sport and Health , National Sport Observatory of Tunisia , Tunis , Tunisia.,b High Institute of Sport and Physical Education , University of Mannouba , Ksar saïd , Tunisia
| | - Salma Abedelmalek
- c Research Laboratory ''Sports performance optimization'' National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS) , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Khouloud Aloui
- d Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Department of Physiology , University of Carthage , Bizerte , Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- c Research Laboratory ''Sports performance optimization'' National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS) , Tunis , Tunisia.,e Department of Physiology and functional explorations , Sousse Faculty of Medicine , Sousse , Tunisia
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Antunes BM, Campos EZ, Parmezzani SS, Santos RV, Franchini E, Lira FS. Sleep quality and duration are associated with performance in maximal incremental test. Physiol Behav 2017; 177:252-256. [PMID: 28502838 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Inadequate sleep patterns may be considered a trigger to development of several metabolic diseases. Additionally, sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality can negatively impact performance in exercise training. However, the impact of sleep duration and sleep quality on performance during incremental maximal test performed by healthy men is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to analyze the association between sleep pattern (duration and quality) and performance during maximal incremental test in healthy male individuals. METHODS A total of 28 healthy males volunteered to take part in the study. Sleep quality, sleep duration and physical activity were subjectively assessed by questionnaires. Sleep pattern was classified by sleep duration (>7h or <7h of sleep per night) and sleep quality according to the sum of measured points and/or scores by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Incremental exercise test was performed at 35 watts for untrained subjects, 70 watts for physically active subjects and 105 watts for well-trained subjects. RESULTS HRmax was correlated with sleep quality (r=0.411, p=0.030) and sleep duration (r=-0.430, p=0.022). Participants reporting good sleep quality presented higher values of Wmax, VO2max and lower values of HRmax when compared to participants with altered sleep. Regarding sleep duration, only Wmax was influenced by the amount of sleeping hours per night and this association remained significant even after adjustment by VO2max. CONCLUSION Sleep duration and quality are associated, at least in part, with performance during maximal incremental test among healthy men, with losses in Wmax and HRmax. In addition, our results suggest that the relationship between sleep patterns and performance, mainly in Wmax, is independent of fitness condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Antunes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
| | - E Z Campos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Physical Education Department, Recife, Brazil
| | - S S Parmezzani
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - R V Santos
- Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - E Franchini
- Sport Department, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
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Jones MJ, Peeling P, Dawson B, Halson S, Miller J, Dunican I, Clarke M, Goodman C, Eastwood P. Evening electronic device use: The effects on alertness, sleep and next-day physical performance in athletes. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:162-170. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1287936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maddison J. Jones
- Department of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Peeling
- Department of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
| | - Brian Dawson
- Department of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Shona Halson
- Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Joanna Miller
- Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Ian Dunican
- Department of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Clarke
- Centre for Metabolomics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Carmel Goodman
- Department of Physiology, Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Eastwood
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Soori M, Mohaghegh S, Hajain M, Moraadi B. Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Inspiratory Muscle Function. Asian J Sports Med 2016; 7:e35201. [PMID: 27826401 PMCID: PMC5098160 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.35201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ramadan fasting is a major challenge for exercising Muslims especially in warm seasons. There is some evidence to indicate that Ramadan fasting causes higher subjective ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) in fasting Muslims. The mechanisms of this phenomenon are not known exactly. The role of respiratory muscle strength in this regard has not been studied yet. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was investigation of the effects of Ramadan fasting on respiratory muscle strength. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a before-after study, from 35 fasting, apparently healthy, male adults who had fasted from the beginning of Ramadan, maximal inspiratory muscle pressure (MIP) and peak inspiratory flow (PIF) were measured in the last week of Ramadan month in summer. At the time of test, there was not any sleep problem in participants and all of them had good cooperation. Three months later, after exclusion of incompatible persons mainly because of change in their physical activity level, smoking behavior or drug consumption, the measurements were repeated in 12 individuals. RESULTS Weight, MIP and PIF data had normal distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test). There was a significant increase in MIP (mean 8.3 cm H2O with 95% confidence interval of 2.2 - 14.3) and PIF (mean 0.55 lit/s with 95% confidence interval of 0.02 - 1.07) and weight (mean 3.4 Kg with 95% confidence interval of 2.2 - 4.5) after Ramadan (Paired t test with P < 0.05). When weight difference was used as a covariate in repeated measure ANOVA test, there was no further significant difference between MIP and PIF measurements. CONCLUSIONS Ramadan fasting may cause reduction of respiratory muscle strength through reduction of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Soori
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Shahram Mohaghegh
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Shahram Mohaghegh, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-55419005, Fax: +98-55418914, E-mail:
| | - Maryam Hajain
- Ministry of Health of Iran, Community Medicine Specialist, Tehran, IR Iran
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Boussetta N, Abedelmalek S, Aloui K, Souissi N, Souissi N. The effect of strength training by electrostimulation at a specific time of day on immune response and anaerobic performances during short-term maximal exercise. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1245379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zouabi A, Quarck G, Martin T, Grespinet M, Gauthier A. Is there a circadian rhythm of postural control and perception of the vertical? Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:1320-1330. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1215993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Zouabi
- Normandie University, UFR STAPS, France
- UNICAEN, COMETE, Caen, France
- Inserm, U 1075 COMETE, Caen, France
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Research Unit UR/11ES09, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | - G. Quarck
- Normandie University, UFR STAPS, France
- UNICAEN, COMETE, Caen, France
- Inserm, U 1075 COMETE, Caen, France
| | - T. Martin
- Normandie University, UFR STAPS, France
- UNICAEN, COMETE, Caen, France
- Inserm, U 1075 COMETE, Caen, France
| | - M. Grespinet
- Normandie University, UFR STAPS, France
- UNICAEN, COMETE, Caen, France
- Inserm, U 1075 COMETE, Caen, France
| | - A. Gauthier
- Normandie University, UFR STAPS, France
- UNICAEN, COMETE, Caen, France
- Inserm, U 1075 COMETE, Caen, France
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Taylor L, Chrismas BCR, Dascombe B, Chamari K, Fowler PM. The Importance of Monitoring Sleep within Adolescent Athletes: Athletic, Academic, and Health Considerations. Front Physiol 2016; 7:101. [PMID: 27047387 PMCID: PMC4797717 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Taylor
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine HospitalDoha, Qatar
| | - Bryna C. R. Chrismas
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar UniversityDoha, Qatar
| | - Ben Dascombe
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, LaTrobe UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karim Chamari
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine HospitalDoha, Qatar
| | - Peter M. Fowler
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine HospitalDoha, Qatar
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Mejri MA, Yousfi N, Mhenni T, Tayech A, Hammouda O, Driss T, Chaouachi A, Souissi N. Does one night of partial sleep deprivation affect the evening performance during intermittent exercise in Taekwondo players? J Exerc Rehabil 2016; 12:47-53. [PMID: 26933660 PMCID: PMC4771153 DOI: 10.12965/jer.150256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Athletes and coaches believe that adequate sleep is essential for peak performance. There is ample scientific evidence which support the conclusion that sleep loss seems to stress many physiological functions in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of one night’s sleep deprivation on intermittent exercise performance in the evening of the following day. Ten male Taekwondo players performed the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT) in three sleep conditions (reference sleep night [RN], partial sleep deprivation at the beginning of night [PSDBN], partial sleep deprivation at the end of night [PSDEN]) in a counterbalanced order, allowing a recovery period ≥36 hr in between them. Heart rate peak (HRpeak), plasma lactate concentrations (Lac) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured during the test. A significant effect of sleep restriction was observed on the total distance covered in YYIRT (P<0.0005) and Lac (P<0.01) in comparison with the RN. In addition, performance more decreased after PSDEN (P<0.0005) than PSDBN (P<0.05). Also, Lac decreased significantly only after PS-DEN (P<0.05) compared with RN. However, there were no significant changes in HRpeak and RPE after the two types of partial sleep deprivation compared to RN. The present study indicates that short-term sleep restriction affect the intermittent performance, as well as the Lac levels of the Taekwondo players in the evening of the following day, without alteration of HRpeak and RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Arbi Mejri
- Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia; Faculty of Science, Carthage University, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Narimen Yousfi
- Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia; High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Thouraya Mhenni
- Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia; Faculty of Science, Carthage University, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Amel Tayech
- Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia; High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, CeRSM (EA 2931), UFR STAPS, Nanterre, France
| | - Tarak Driss
- Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, CeRSM (EA 2931), UFR STAPS, Nanterre, France
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia; National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
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Gann JJ, Green JM, OʼNeal EK, Renfroe LG, Andre TL. Effects of Hypohydration on Repeated 40-yd Sprint Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 30:901-9. [PMID: 26349041 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of hypohydration on repeated 40-yd sprint performance. Anaerobically fit current and former Division II male athletes (n = 12) completed 2 bouts of 10 × 40-yd sprints followed by an agility test, dehydrated (∼3% body weight [DT]), or hydrated trial (HT). Statistical analysis of group means indicated that hypohydration had little effect on sprint times for either the first (DT= 5.38 ± 0.37; HT = 5.35 ± 0.34) or second (DT = 5.47 ± 0.39; HT = 5.42 ± 0.39) bout of 10 sprints with only sprint number 2, 5, and 6 of bout 2 reaching statistical significance. However, when individual sprint performance was considered, a greater effect was seen. In all, 83% (10 of 12) of subjects experienced a meaningful change (≥0.1 seconds) (positive or negative) in mean sprint time (DT vs. HT) for one or more bout of 10 sprints. Ratings of perceived exertion was significantly higher (∼1 unit on a 10 point scale) for DT in all sprints during bout 1 and the first 2 sprints of bout 2. These results indicate that the effect of hypohydration on repeated sprint performance varies among individuals. Some improved performance with hypohydration, while others experienced detrimental effects. Hypohydration also resulted in a particularly notable negative impact on perceptual measures of exertion even when performance was similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Gann
- 1Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas; and 2Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama
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Fullagar HHK, Skorski S, Duffield R, Hammes D, Coutts AJ, Meyer T. Sleep and athletic performance: the effects of sleep loss on exercise performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise. Sports Med 2015; 45:161-86. [PMID: 25315456 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although its true function remains unclear, sleep is considered critical to human physiological and cognitive function. Equally, since sleep loss is a common occurrence prior to competition in athletes, this could significantly impact upon their athletic performance. Much of the previous research has reported that exercise performance is negatively affected following sleep loss; however, conflicting findings mean that the extent, influence, and mechanisms of sleep loss affecting exercise performance remain uncertain. For instance, research indicates some maximal physical efforts and gross motor performances can be maintained. In comparison, the few published studies investigating the effect of sleep loss on performance in athletes report a reduction in sport-specific performance. The effects of sleep loss on physiological responses to exercise also remain equivocal; however, it appears a reduction in sleep quality and quantity could result in an autonomic nervous system imbalance, simulating symptoms of the overtraining syndrome. Additionally, increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines following sleep loss could promote immune system dysfunction. Of further concern, numerous studies investigating the effects of sleep loss on cognitive function report slower and less accurate cognitive performance. Based on this context, this review aims to evaluate the importance and prevalence of sleep in athletes and summarises the effects of sleep loss (restriction and deprivation) on exercise performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise. Given the equivocal understanding of sleep and athletic performance outcomes, further research and consideration is required to obtain a greater knowledge of the interaction between sleep and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh H K Fullagar
- Institute of Sport and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, GEB. B82, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany,
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Chaâri N, Frikha M, Mezghanni N, Ayadi J, Chaouachi A, Souissi N. Does post-warm-up rest interval affect the diurnal variation of 30-s Wingate cycle ergometry? BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1073477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Mejri MA, Hammouda O, Yousfi N, Zouaoui K, Ben Rayana MC, Chaouachi A, Driss T, Souissi N. One night of partial sleep deprivation affects biomarkers of cardiac damage, but not cardiovascular and lipid profiles, in young athletes. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1048951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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48
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Souissi M, Abedelmalek S, Bou Dhiba D, Theodoros Nikolaidis P, Ben Awicha H, Chtourou H, Sahnoun Z. Morning caffeine ingestion increases cognitive function and short-term maximal performance in footballer players after partial sleep deprivation. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1034975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Frikha M, Chaâri N, Souissi N. Effect of sport practice and warm-up duration on the morning–evening difference in anaerobic exercise performance and perceptual responses to it. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1020710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Jarraya S, Jarraya M, Souissi N. Diurnal variation and weekly pattern on physical performance in Tunisian children. Sci Sports 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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