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Dashti HS, Sevilla-Gonzalez M, Mogensen KM, Winkler MF, Compher C. Plasma metabolomics changes comparing daytime to overnight infusions of home parenteral nutrition in adult patients with short bowel syndrome: Secondary analysis of a clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 62:28-32. [PMID: 38901946 PMCID: PMC11190456 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is often cycled nocturnally and is expected to result in glucose intolerance and sleep disruption partly due to circadian misalignment. This study aimed to define the metabolic response when HPN is cycled during the daytime compared to overnight. METHODS This secondary analysis leveraged samples from a clinical trial in adults with short bowel syndrome consuming HPN (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04743960). Enrolled patients received 1 week of HPN overnight followed by 1 week of HPN during the daytime. Fasting blood samples were collected following each study period and global metabolic profiles were examined from plasma samples. Differential metabolite abundance was determined from normalized and scaled data using adjusted Linear Models for MicroArray Data models followed by pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS Nine patients (mean age, 52.6 years; 78% female; mean BMI 20.7 kg/m2) provided samples. Among 622 identified metabolites, changes were observed in 36 metabolites at Punadj < 0.05 with higher abundance of fatty acids, long-chain and polyunsaturated fatty acids (Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonate (20:4n6), docosahexaenoate (DHA; 22:6n3)) and glycerolipids with daytime infusions. Enrichment analysis identified changes in pathways related to the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, d-arginine, and d-ornithine metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism (Punadj<0.05). CONCLUSION Daytime infusions of HPN may result in changes in circulating lipids and amino acid composing metabolic pathways previously implicated in circadian rhythms. As this is the first untargeted metabolomics study of HPN, larger studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S Dashti
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Nutrition, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of M.I.T and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Magdalena Sevilla-Gonzalez
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of M.I.T and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kris M Mogensen
- Department of Nutrition, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marion F Winkler
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Charlene Compher
- Biobehavioral Health Sciences Department, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Takahashi M, Fukazawa M, Tahara Y, Kim HK, Tanisawa K, Ito T, Nakaoka T, Higuchi M, Shibata S. Association between circadian clock gene expressions and meal timing in young and older adults. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1235-1243. [PMID: 37722714 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2256855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with a decline in circadian clock systems, which correlates with the development of ageing-associated diseases. Chrononutrition is a field of chronobiology that examines the relationship between the timing of meal/nutrition and circadian clock systems. Although there is growing evidence regarding the role of chrononutrition in the prevention of lifestyle and ageing-related diseases, the optimal timing of meal intake to regulate the circadian clock in humans remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the relationship between clock gene expression and meal timing in young and older adults. In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 51 healthy young men and 35 healthy older men (age, mean±standard deviation: 24 ± 4 and 70 ± 4 y, respectively). Under daily living conditions, beard follicle cells were collected at 4-h intervals over a 24-h period to evaluate clock gene expression. Participants were asked to record the timing of habitual sleep and wake-up, breakfast, lunch, and dinner. From these data, we calculated "From bedtime to breakfast time," "From wake up to first meal time," and "From dinner to bed time." NR1D1 and PER3 expressions in older adults at 06:00 h were significantly higher than those in young adults (P = 0.001). There were significant differences in the peak time for NR1D2 (P = 0.003) and PER3 (P = 0.049) expression between young and older adults. "From bedtime to breakfast time" was significantly longer in older adults than in young adults. In contrast, "From dinner to bed time" was significantly shorter in older adults than in young adults. Moreover, higher rhythmicity of NR1D1 correlated with longer "From bedtime to breakfast time" (r = -0.470, P = 0.002) and shorter "From wake up to first meal time" in young adults (r = 0.302, P = 0.032). Higher rhythmicity of PER3 correlated with longer "From bedtime to breakfast time" in older adults (r = -0.342, P = 0.045). These results suggest that the peak time of clock gene expression in older adults may be phase-advanced compared to that in young adults. In addition, a longer fasting duration from bedtime to breakfast in both young and older adults and earlier intake of meals after waking up in young adults may correlate with robust clock gene expression rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takahashi
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Fukazawa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hyeon-Ki Kim
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ito
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakaoka
- Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Higuchi
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Circadian Rhythm Dysregulation and Restoration: The Role of Melatonin. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103480. [PMID: 34684482 PMCID: PMC8538349 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an essential component of overall human health but is so tightly regulated that when disrupted can cause or worsen certain ailments. An important part of this process is the presence of the well-known hormone, melatonin. This compound assists in the governing of sleep and circadian rhythms. Previous studies have postulated that dysregulation of melatonin rhythms is the driving force behind sleep and circadian disorders. A computer-aided search spanning the years of 2015–2020 using the search terms melatonin, circadian rhythm, disorder yielded 52 full text articles that were analyzed. We explored the mechanisms behind melatonin dysregulation and how it affects various disorders. Additionally, we examined associated therapeutic treatments including bright light therapy (BLT) and exogenous forms of melatonin. We found that over the past 5 years, melatonin has not been widely investigated in clinical studies thus there remains large gaps in its potential utilization as a therapy.
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Cheng H, Liu Z, Wu G, Ho CT, Li D, Xie Z. Dietary compounds regulating the mammal peripheral circadian rhythms and modulating metabolic outcomes. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Suzuki C, Fukumitsu S, Oike H. Modulation of cellular circadian clocks by triterpenoids. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 181:112539. [PMID: 33099224 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many living organisms on earth have clock systems in their body. It has increasingly become clear that a disturbance in the internal clocks has negative effects on our body. Terpenes are organic compounds found in various plants that are reported to have several pharmacological actions. In this study, we focused on commercially available 27 triterpenoids and evaluated their influence on the circadian rhythm of human U2OS cells and mouse NIH3T3 cells. The expression level of Per2, one of the core clock genes, was measured using luminescent reporters over the time period of a few days. We found that 8 triterpenoids reset the phase of the circadian clocks. Representative compounds were corosolic acid, cucurbitacin B, and celastrol; similar effects were also confirmed with some structural analogues of cucurbitacin B and celastrol. These compounds shifted the phase bilaterally depending on the stimulus timing and also acted as synchronizers in desynchronized cells. The effective concentrations of cucurbitacin B and celastrol were less than 0.5 μM. In addition, cucurbitacin B and celastrol were also found to be effective in tissue explants in mice. Furthermore, celastrol dose-dependently shortened the period length of NIH3T3 cells. Some of these compounds are found in edible and medicinal plants and may help regulate our circadian clocks in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Suzuki
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumitsu
- Food Innovation Course, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hideaki Oike
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan; Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8517, Japan.
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Potter GDM, Wood TR. The Future of Shift Work: Circadian Biology Meets Personalised Medicine and Behavioural Science. Front Nutr 2020; 7:116. [PMID: 32850937 PMCID: PMC7426458 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Shift work is commonplace in modern societies, and shift workers are predisposed to the development of numerous chronic diseases. Disruptions to the circadian systems of shift workers are considered important contributors to the biological dysfunction these people frequently experience. Because of this, understanding how to alter shift work and zeitgeber (time cue) schedules to enhance circadian system function is likely to be key to improving the health of shift workers. While light exposure is the most important zeitgeber for the central clock in the circadian system, diet and exercise are plausible zeitgebers for circadian clocks in many tissues. We know little about how different zeitgebers interact and how to tailor zeitgeber schedules to the needs of individuals; however, in this review we share some guidelines to help shift workers adapt to their work schedules based on our current understanding of circadian biology. We focus in particular on the importance of diet timing and composition. Going forward, developments in phenotyping and "envirotyping" methods may be important to understanding how to optimise shift work. Non-invasive, multimodal, comprehensive phenotyping using multiple sources of time-stamped data may yield insights that are critical to the care of shift workers. Finally, the impact of these advances will be reduced without modifications to work environments to make it easier for shift workers to engage in behaviours conducive to their health. Integrating findings from behavioural science and ergonomics may help shift workers make healthier choices, thereby amplifying the beneficial effects of improved lifestyle prescriptions for these people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas R Wood
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Division of Human Health, Performance and Resilience, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
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Lewis P, Oster H, Korf HW, Foster RG, Erren TC. Food as a circadian time cue - evidence from human studies. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:213-223. [PMID: 32055029 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Meal timing and composition are frequently reported in the literature as zeitgebers (that is, time cues) for the circadian system of humans and animal models, albeit secondary to light. Although widely assumed to be true, evidence for food zeitgeber effects specific to humans is notably scarce. Fostering zeitgeber hygiene in the general population as the development and practice of healthy use of zeitgebers could potentially reduce chronobiological strain, which is defined as disruption or misalignment within the circadian system. Such chronobiological strain is associated with modern 24/7 lifestyles (for example, shift work) and several negative health outcomes. Adjustments to meal timing and composition are an attractive strategy to synchronize circadian rhythms and develop zeitgeber hygiene. Thus, clarifying the actual effect of meal timing and composition on the human circadian system is a crucial piece of the human chronobiology puzzle. This Review weighs the evidence from human studies pertaining to the hypothesis that food is a circadian zeitgeber by comparing findings against formal zeitgeber criteria put forward by Jürgen Aschoff in the 1950s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Lewis
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Horst W Korf
- Institute of Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Russell G Foster
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas C Erren
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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