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Castelli L, Galasso L, Mulè A, Ciorciari A, Esposito F, Roveda E, Montaruli A. Physical activity and morningness: A helpful combination in improving the sleep quality of active Italian university students. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1028-1038. [PMID: 37525628 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2241906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
University students are commonly described as having worsened sleep quality, especially when inactive and Evening-type (E-type) subjects. This study aimed to examine the interactions between physical activity and chronotype on sleep quality among a sample of active Sports Science university students. In November 2019, 433 participants (mean age: 19.7 ± 1.56 years; 70% males) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Godin-Shepard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (tertiles categorisation), and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Females and E-type slept significantly worse than males and Neither-(N-types) and Morning-types (M-types), respectively. However, there were no significant differences in sleep quality based on physical activity levels. The three-way ANOVA revealed that sleep quality in N- and E-types appeared to be independent of physical activity, whereas M-types showed an improvement in sleep classification with increased physical activity. Moderation analysis indicated that physical activity significantly moderated the relationship between chronotypes and sleep quality. Specifically, M-types demonstrated a more pronounced improvement in sleep quality with increasing physical activity compared to the other chronotypes. In conclusion, M-type university students derived the greatest benefits from physical activity in improving sleep quality. Conversely, physical activity seemed to have a limited impact on sleep quality among active E-type university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Galasso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Mulè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciorciari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'ambrogio, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana Roveda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'ambrogio, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Montaruli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'ambrogio, Milan, Italy
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Tang R, Wang J, Zhang W, Fu W, Zhuo L, Yang J, Wang Q. Eating window and eating habits of adults in China: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17233. [PMID: 37360078 PMCID: PMC10285253 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have demonstrated that eating time and habits play key roles in human health. However, there is a paucity of research on the epidemiology of eating window and eating habits in China. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between eating window and eating habits among adults in mainland China and explore the factors influencing these parameters. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting A questionnaire comprising demographic data, metabolic index, eating window and eating habits was administered via the Internet. Participants 1596 adults from mainland China. Results Eating window of all participants was 13.03 ± 2.02 h (mean ± standard deviation [SD]), which was longer than previously reported in smaller more controlled studies from China. Area of residence and occupation were significant factors influencing eating window after controlling for other factors (area of residence: β, -0.499; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.897 to -0.101, p = 0.014; occupation: β, -0.309, 95% CI, -0.496 to -0.121, p = 0.001). Participants typically commenced eating at 08:00 h (interquartile range [IQR]: 8:00-9:00) and ceased eating at 20:00 h (IQR: 20:00-22:00). Regular meals which mean two or three meals per day regularly constituted the dominant eating pattern of participants (n = 1233, 77.3%) and 819 (51.1%) participants preferred cooking for themselves. Conclusion This study revealed that eating window of adults in China generally around 13 h. Area of residence and occupation were the main factors influencing eating window. Our data provide a foundation for future studies on eating window and eating habits in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsong Tang
- Nursing Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Huayuan North Road No. 49, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Huayuan North Road No. 49, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jingpin Wang
- Nursing Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Huayuan North Road No. 49, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Huayuan North Road No. 49, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Huayuan North Road No. 49, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Huayuan North Road No. 49, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhuo
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Huayuan North Road No. 49, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Huayuan North Road No. 49, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Huayuan North Road No. 49, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Insomnia symptoms do, but chronotype does not show relevant associations with mental well-being and negative dream experiences. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chronotypes are diversely associated with sleep quality and mental health. Eveningness is generally associated with lower sleep quality and with increased risk for mental health complaints. Along with insomnia symptoms, frequent dysphoric dreams might be key elements of disturbed sleep, and may also indicate psychological imbalance. Our cross-sectional online study aimed to examine whether eveningness can be considered as an independent risk factor of poor mental well-being or whether this association is explained by symptoms of insomnia. Secondly, we examined the associations between eveningness and frequent dysphoric dreaming taking into account the influence of mental well-being and insomnia complaints. Method: We released an online survey with Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Athens Insomnia Scale, General Mental Health, and frequency of dysphoric dreaming: nightmares and bad dreams separately. We analyzed the data of 2077 participants (MAGE = 28.5, SD = 9.6). Eveningness showed a weak but independent association with mental well-being. Additional analyses showed no signs of associations between eveningness and dysphoric dreaming, such as nightmares and bad dreams. The frequency of bad dreams was associated with insomnia complaints and mental well-being, but nightmare frequency was only linked to insomnia symptoms, but not to mental well-being. Insomnia complaints emerged as a more robust factor in poorer mental well-being than the eveningness preference. Eveningness was not associated with dysphoric dreaming. Restoring insomnia might be essential in individuals at risk for mental health complaints.
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Merellano-Navarro E, Bustamante-Ara N, Russell-Guzmán J, Lagos-Hernández R, Uribe N, Godoy-Cumillaf A. Association between Sleep Quality and Physical Activity in Physical Education Students in Chile in the Pandemic Context: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101930. [PMID: 36292377 PMCID: PMC9601690 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the health restrictions put in place to face the pandemic, a decrease in the levels of physical activity and an alteration in the quality of sleep have been observed. One group susceptible to these changes is represented by students of physical education pedagogy, who, under normal conditions, present high levels of physical activity. However, the correlation between these variables has not been studied in the context of a pandemic lockdown. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the quality of sleep and physical activity level as a function of gender and evaluate the association between quality of sleep and physical activity level in physical education pedagogy students during the COVID-19 pandemic considering sociodemographic and health characteristics. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. An online questionnaire was applied to 280 Chilean university students of physical education pedagogy. The survey considered sociodemographic information, healthy habits, and self-reported health and included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for physical activity levels and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for sleep quality. Results: The prevalence of good sleep quality was 20.4%. Furthermore, 52.9% of students had a high level of physical activity. Regression analysis between PSQI global score and age-adjusted physical activity levels indicated that being male and presenting a high level of physical activity favored a better PSQI global score. Conclusions: The prevalence of good sleep quality was low in general and significantly lower in women. Being male and having a high level of physical activity during quarantine benefits good sleep quality, regardless of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Merellano-Navarro
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile
| | - Natalia Bustamante-Ara
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Javier Russell-Guzmán
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Roberto Lagos-Hernández
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Natasha Uribe
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Rosi A, Lotti S, Vitale M, Pagliai G, Madarena MP, Bonaccio M, Esposito S, Ferraris C, Guglielmetti M, Angelino D, Martini D, Dinu M. Association between chronotype, sleep pattern, and eating behaviours in a group of Italian adults. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:981-988. [PMID: 35915916 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2105826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the possible relationship between chronotype, sleeping, and eating patterns in 74 Italian adults (71.6% women). Based on Morningness-Eveningness Questionnare (MEQ) score, participants were classified as morning (n = 24), intermediate (n = 25), and evening (n = 25) chronotypes. From analysis, no significant differences among chronotypes emerged for sleep habits. As to eating behaviours, the evening subjects showed a significant (p < 0.05) shift towards later hours of the day in the consumption of all meals, except dinner. In addition, the evening subjects had a later midpoint of energy intake (EI) of about 35 min and 1 h (p < 0.001), respectively, than the intermediate and morning subjects. Analysing the diet quality, morning subjects reported significantly (p = 0.030) lower consumption of sweets and sweeteners, and significantly (p = 0.035) lower intake of ultra-processed fats and seasonings. Evening subjects showed a significant delay in EI during the day, while morning subjects reported a better-quality diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sofia Lotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuditta Pagliai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Madarena
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Simona Esposito
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ferraris
- Laboratory of Food Education and Sport Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Guglielmetti
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Human Nutrition and Eating Disorder Research Center, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Donato Angelino
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Root Kustritz MV, Bakke HJ, Rendahl A. Correlation of Chronotype (Lark versus Night Owl Status) with Mind-Set and Effect of Chronotype on Examination Performance in Veterinary School. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 49:500-502. [PMID: 34102094 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2021-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronotype describes what time of day people are most productive, with the specific terminology of larks (productive early in the day) and night owls (productive late in the day). Society, including education, schedules work at times that generally favor larks. The goals of this study were to (a) define our student population regarding mind-set and chronotype, (b) examine the relationship between chronotype and mind-set score, and (c) examine the relationship between lark score and examination score with examinations offered at varying times of day. The null hypotheses were that there would be no relationships between these variables. If the hypotheses were not proven, this information would be used to educate students about personal management to optimize academic success and to help the college determine if scheduling or other variations in examination implementation could be altered to permit students to demonstrate best their knowledge and skills. There were 184 participants from the classes of 2020-2022. Overall, there were few definite night owls or larks, with 55% of participants categorized as neither. Overall, 78% of students had either a strong growth mind-set or a growth mind-set with some fixed ideas. No meaningful association between chronotype and mind-set score was observed. There was neither a significant main effect for chronotype nor a significant interaction with start time for examinations. Scheduling of examinations in the early morning did not negatively impact student performance based on chronotype in this study.
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Abstract
A higher education that can be defined as sustainable ensures the acquisition of competencies that are necessary to address the current and future needs of the society in which it exists. Because math competencies are an essential component of college students’ academic and professional success, poor performance outcomes are particularly problematic in the context of an education that aims to be sustainable. This research sought to identify dispositions that are predictive of math performance in the post-pandemic world to develop an early detection system for at-risk students of an understudied population (college students of Middle Eastern descent from Saudi Arabia). It specifically targeted female and male students in STEM or non-STEM majors who were enrolled in a math course of the general education curriculum. During the second semester of a return to entirely face-to-face instruction, their self-efficacy, math learning anxiety, math evaluation anxiety, and preference for morning or evening study activities were surveyed. In the post-pandemic world of this understudied population, the math performance of STEM male and female students was hurt by concerns about learning math. The math performance of non-STEM male students benefited from self-efficacy, whereas that of non-STEM female students was unaffected by any of the dispositions surveyed in the present investigation. These findings suggest that individual difference measures can inform early interventions intended to address performance deficiencies in selected groups of students with the overreaching goal of ensuring a sustainable education for all.
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Wang H, Tian Y, Wang Y, He Q, Qiu J, Feng T, Chen H, Lei X. Distinct neural responses of morningness and eveningness chronotype to homeostatic sleep pressure revealed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1439-1446. [PMID: 35699408 PMCID: PMC9344083 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronotype is an appropriate variable to investigate sleep homeostatic and circadian rhythm. Based on functional MRI, the resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) of insula‐angular decrease with the increase in homeostatic sleep pressure (HSP). However, the distinct neural response of different chronotype remained to be clarified. Therefore, we investigated how HSP influenced insular‐angular neural interaction of different chronotype. Methods 64 morningness‐chronotype (MCPs) and 128 eveningness‐chronotype participants (ECPs) received resting‐state functional MRI (rsfMRI) scan. HSP was divided into three levels (Low, Medium, and High) based on the elapsed time awake. Insular‐angular rsFC was calculated for MCPs and ECPs on each HSP. Results As the levels of HSP increased, the negative rsFC between right insular and bilateral angular increased in MCPs while decreased in ECPs. Specifically, ECPs compared with MCPs showed lower rsFC at medium levels of HSP, but higher rsFC at high levels of HSP. In addition, ECPs compared with MCPs exhibited lower rsFC between right insular and right angular at low levels of HSP. Conclusion The distinct modes of rsFC was found in different chronotype in response to HSP. The results provided the foundation and evidence for investigating the processes of circadian rhythm and sleep homeostatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haien Wang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
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Predicting Math Performance of Middle Eastern Students: The Role of Dispositions. EDUCATION SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/educsci12050314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present research examines the contribution of individual differences in chronotype and self-efficacy to the math performance of male and female students in STEM and no-STEM majors. Questionnaires assessing the selected individual differences were distributed to students of Middle Eastern descent enrolled in math courses of the general education curriculum. Summative assessment indices were used to measure performance comprehensively across the entire semester (course grades) and as a one-time occurrence (final test grades). The contribution of morningness and self-efficacy to both course and test performance of STEM students was sensitive to the interaction of gender and major. Instead, neither factor contributed to no-STEM students’ course and test performance. These findings were used to plan improvements in the instruction and advising of students in STEM majors, thereby complying with a key tenet of action research.
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Baron P, Hermand É, Peze T, Kuehn C, Dieu O, Bourlois V, Porrovecchio A, Hurdiel R. No gender difference in association between sleep quality and physical activity level of French students. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00920-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Sleep Quality, Insomnia Symptoms, and Depressive Symptomatology among Italian University Students before and during the Covid-19 Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413346. [PMID: 34948954 PMCID: PMC8705602 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led world authorities to adopt extraordinary measures to counteract the spread of the virus. The Italian government established a national lockdown from 9 March to 3 May 2020, forcing people in their homes and imposing social distancing. During the pandemic emergency, university students emerged as a vulnerable category. Indeed, higher rates of sleep problems and mental disorders were reported in this population. However, these outcomes were derived from cross-sectional investigations adopting retrospective assessments. Retrospective evaluations suffer from different biases, putatively leading to erroneous outcomes. To overcome this limitation, we adopted a between-subject approach comparing a sample of 240 Italian undergraduate university students assessed in 2016 (mean age ± standard deviation, 20.39 ± 1.42, range 18–25; 80.42% females), with an age/gender-matched sample of university students assessed during the third week of lockdown in Spring 2020. We evaluated sleep quality, insomnia symptoms, and depressive symptomatology using validated questionnaires. We found worse sleep quality, a delayed bedtime, and more severe insomnia and depression symptoms in the students sampled under COVID-19 restrictive measures. We suggest paying special attention to this at-risk population during the current pandemic emergency and applying preventive and supportive interventions to limit the exacerbation of sleep and psychological problems.
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Gallego-Gómez JI, González-Moro MTR, González-Moro JMR, Vera-Catalán T, Balanza S, Simonelli-Muñoz AJ, Rivera-Caravaca JM. Relationship between sleep habits and academic performance in university Nursing students. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:100. [PMID: 34140029 PMCID: PMC8212524 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep disorders are composed of a group of diseases of increasing prevalence and with social-health implications to be considered a public health problem. Sleep habits and specific sleep behaviors have an influence on the academic success of students. However, the characteristics of sleep and sleep habits of university students as predictors of poor academic performance have been scarcely analyzed. In the present study, we aimed to investigate sleep habits and their influence on academic performance in a cohort of Nursing Degree students. Methods This was a cross-sectional and observational study. An anonymous and self-administered questionnaire was used, including different scales such as the ‘Morningness and Eveningness scale’, an author-generated sleep habit questionnaire, and certain variables aimed at studying the socio-familial and academic aspects of the Nursing students. The association of sleep habits and other variables with poor academic performance was investigated by logistic regression. The internal consistency and homogeneity of the ‘sleep habits questionnaire’ was assessed with the Cronbach’s alpha test. Results Overall, 401 students (mean age of 22.1 ± 4.9 years, 74.8 % females) from the Nursing Degree were included. The homogeneity of the ‘sleep habits questionnaire’ was appropriate (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.710). Nursing students were characterized by an evening chronotype (20.2 %) and a short sleep pattern. 30.4 % of the Nursing students had bad sleep habits. Regarding the academic performance, 47.9 % of the students showed a poor one. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, a short sleep pattern (adjusted OR = 1.53, 95 % CI 1.01–2.34), bad sleep habits (aOR = 1.76, 95 % CI 1.11–2.79), and age < 25 years (aOR = 2.27, 95 % CI 1.30–3.98) were independently associated with a higher probability of poor academic performance. Conclusions Almost 1/3 of the Nursing students were identified as having bad sleep habits, and these students were characterized by an evening chronotype and a short sleep pattern. A short sleep pattern, bad sleep habits, and age < 25 years, were independently associated with a higher risk of poor academic performance. This requires multifactorial approaches and the involvement of all the associated actors: teachers, academic institutions, health institutions, and the people in charge in university residences, among others. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12912-021-00635-x.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tomás Vera-Catalán
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | - Serafín Balanza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | - Agustín Javier Simonelli-Muñoz
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences,, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, 04007, Almería, Spain.
| | - José Miguel Rivera-Caravaca
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), CIBERCV, 30120, Murcia, Spain
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Silva AC, Silva A, Edwards BJ, Tod D, Souza Amaral A, de Alcântara Borba D, Grade I, Túlio de Mello M. Sleep extension in athletes: what we know so far - A systematic review. Sleep Med 2020; 77:128-135. [PMID: 33352457 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study reviewed systematically the effects of sleep extension on sports performance. DESIGN Systematic review. METHOD The systematic review was conducted in November 2020. Articles published in English were searched in PubMed, Virtual Health Library, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science and Scopus databases. The search terms used were "sleep extension" AND athlete. The measures of interest were sports performance. Studies were included if they were a) original articles, b) published in English and peer-reviewed article, c) had only athletes as participants, d) experimental protocol whose objective was to investigate the effects of sleep extension on sports performance, including randomized (RCT) and non-randomized controlled trial (nRCT), and e) at least a sports performance measure as a dependent variable. RESULTS The primary search revealed that a total of 5 out of 74 articles were considered eligible and 2 studies were subsequently included. The studies used different strategies to extend time in bed or total sleep time (extending 26-106 min). From fifteen sports measures, six presented a large effect size, and the others ranged from trivial to medium. Overall, the risk of bias was high to RCT and low to nRCT and the quality of evidence ranged from very low quality to moderate quality in ten outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The limited evidence suggests that sleep extension interventions may be beneficial to improve sports performance in athletes where the magnitude is dependent on the variable assessed, although such conclusions are tentative because of the quality of the evidence and risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Coelho Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Departamento de Esportes, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andressa Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Departamento de Esportes, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ben J Edwards
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - David Tod
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adriana Souza Amaral
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Departamento de Esportes, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Diego de Alcântara Borba
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Departamento de Esportes, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isadora Grade
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Departamento de Esportes, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Departamento de Esportes, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Martínez-de-Quel Ó, Suárez-Iglesias D, López-Flores M, Pérez CA. Physical activity, dietary habits and sleep quality before and during COVID-19 lockdown: A longitudinal study. Appetite 2020; 158:105019. [PMID: 33161046 PMCID: PMC8580211 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the health public authorities to impose a lockdown as an epidemiological containment strategy. This study aimed to provide information regarding the impact of the mandatory confinement on the physical activity, eating disorders risk, sleep quality and well-being on a Spanish sample. An online survey that included the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Eating Attitude Test-26, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was administered two days after the state of alarm was stablished in Spain and five days after such measures began to be eased. Out of the 693 people who answered the first questionnaire, 161 completed the second one. These participants spent a total of 48 days locked at home, a period during which a significant worsening in all the variables assessed except for the risk of developing eating disorders, was observed: weight (kg), 67.3 ± 14.8 vs 67.7 ± 15.1, p = 0.012; physical activity (MET minutes per week), 8515.7 ± 10260.0 vs 5053.5 ± 5502.0, p < 0.001; sleep problems (total score), 6.2 ± 3.5 vs 7.2 ± 3.9, p < 0.001; self-perceived well-being (score), 4 (3-4) vs 3 (3-4), p < 0.001. The confinement had a significant differential effect on physically active participants, who experienced a significant decline (p < 0.05) on their physical activity levels, quality of sleep and well-being; whereas physically inactive participants did not experience significant changes. Findings from this longitudinal study indicate that a lockdown period due to COVID-19 had a negative impact on the physical activity levels, sleep quality and well-being in a group of physically active Spanish adults. Public health authorities should be aware that people who usually lead an active lifestyle, might be particularly susceptible to such disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Martínez-de-Quel
- Faculty of Education, Department of Teaching Languages, Arts and Physical Education, University Complutense of Madrid, Calle Rector Royo Villanova, 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Suárez-Iglesias
- VALFIS Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, S/n, 24071, León, Spain.
| | | | - Carlos Ayán Pérez
- Well-Move Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Faculty of Education and Sport Science, Department of Special Didactics, University of Vigo, Campus a Xunqueira, S/n, 36005, Pontevedra, Spain.
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15
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Psychosocial factors affecting sleep quality of pre-employed firefighters: a cross-sectional study. Ann Occup Environ Med 2020; 32:e12. [PMID: 32528689 PMCID: PMC7272383 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There have been no health-related studies of pre-employed firefighters without firefighter-specific job-related factors (FSJRF). This study aimed to evaluate the sleep quality of pre-employed firefighters and to examine the relationship between sleep quality and psychosocial factors. Methods We conducted a self-report questionnaire survey for 602 pre-employed firefighters at 3 Fire Service Academies after brief lecture about sleep. Sleep quality and psychosocial variables such as depression, anxiety, stress and social support were evaluated. The independent 2 sample t-test, χ2 test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the effect of the variables on the sleep quality of pre-employed firefighters. Results Among a total of 602 people, 347 (57.6%) had good sleep quality and 255 (42.4%) had poor sleep quality. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score of them was 3.29 ± 1.41) and 7.87 ± 2.20), respectively. 24 (4.0%) were evaluated to have insomnia by Insomnia Severity Index. Logistic regression analyses showed that the depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.940, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.124–11.292), anxiety (aOR: 4.233, 95% CI: 2.138–8.381), stress (aOR: 2.880, 95% CI: 1.915–4.330) and social support (aOR: 0.959, 95% CI: 0.939–0.980) have a significant effect on sleep quality after adjusted by sex, age, smoking status, drinking status, caffeine intake, past shift working and circadian rhythm type. Conclusions Depression, anxiety, stress and social support were associated with sleep quality among pre-employed firefighters. Repeated follow-up studies of pre-employed firefighters are needed to further assess their change of sleep quality and identify the FSJRF that may affect the sleep quality of firefighters.
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Miyama H, Shimura A, Furuichi W, Seki T, Ono K, Masuya J, Odagiri Y, Inoue S, Inoue T. Association of Chronotypes and Sleep Disturbance with Perceived Job Stressors and Stress Response: A Covariance Structure Analysis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1997-2005. [PMID: 32904619 PMCID: PMC7457392 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s262510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronotype, which is a person's circadian characteristics throughout a day, greatly influences a person's lifestyle, health, and sleep pattern; however, the association between job stress and chronotype remains unknown to date. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the effects of chronotype on the job stress response, and the mediating effects of sleep disturbance using path analysis. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 535 adult volunteers (239 men and 296 women; average age, 41.2 ± 11.9 years) from the community. Participants were evaluated using the Diurnal Type Scale for chronotype, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index for sleep disturbance, Brief Job Stress Questionnaire for job stressors, and the psychological and physical stress response (PPSR). To investigate the association between chronotype, sleep disturbance, perceived job stressors, and PPSR, a covariance structure analysis was performed. RESULTS The eveningness chronotype had a significant weak direct effect on sleep disturbance, perceived job stressors, and PPSR, and had a significant indirect effect through sleep disturbance. The perceived job stressors indirectly increased PPSR through sleep disturbance. Sleep disturbance mediated the effects of the eveningness chronotype and perceived job stressors on PPSR. This model accounted for 37.3% of the variability in PPSR of adult workers. CONCLUSION Chronotype affected PPSR through sleep disturbance. Therefore, improving the sleep disturbance of workers with the eveningness chronotype may reduce their stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Miyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Maruyamasou Hospital, Ishioka, Ibaraki 315-0116, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Shimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Wataru Furuichi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Tomoteru Seki
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ono
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Jiro Masuya
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yuko Odagiri
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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A Cross-Sectional Study of the Associations between Chronotype, Social Jetlag and Subjective Sleep Quality in Healthy Adults. Clocks Sleep 2019; 2:1-6. [PMID: 33089185 PMCID: PMC7445814 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep2010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Social jetlag, a mismatch between internal biological time and social schedules, and a later timing of the midpoint of sleep on work-free days as an indicator of the circadian phase of entrainment (late chronotype), may be factors associated with poor quality sleep. This study examined the association of social jetlag and chronotype with subjective sleep quality ratings in a healthy young adult cohort and interrogated the moderating effects of sex and age on these associations. A total of 1322 participants aged 18 to 40 completed the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Later timing of midsleep on "free" days (an indicator of chronotype) had a small-to-medium association with poorer subjective sleep quality, independently of sex and age (rho = 0.212, P < 0.001). Greater social jetlag had a small association with poorer subjective sleep quality ratings (rho = 0.077), and this effect was moderated by sex with there being a relationship between social jetlag and sleep quality only in males. Social jetlag did not mediate the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality. These results indicate differential relationships of the chronotype and social jetlag with subjective sleep quality and indicate that sex is a moderating factor for sleep quality's relationship with social jetlag, but not for the association between sleep quality and chronotype.
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