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Kowalska J, Cholewik M, Bieńkowski C, Maciejczyk A, Bursa D, Skrzat-Klapaczyńska A. Knowledge and Awareness of Risk Factors for HIV Infection and about HIV Testing among Medical Students in Warsaw. Viruses 2024; 16:1470. [PMID: 39339945 PMCID: PMC11437482 DOI: 10.3390/v16091470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of late diagnoses of HIV remains very high in Poland, leading to a high proportion of patients developing and dying of HIV-related diseases. The main reason for this is the very low utilization of HIV testing. Our analyses aimed to investigate knowledge about the indications for HIV testing among medical university students, as well as identify their own HIV testing experiences. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey study was designed to collect information on the students' demographics and their experiences of HIV testing, as well as their knowledge of virus transmission and the indications for testing. Data were collected as part of the HIV_week@WUM project conducted at the Medical University of Warsaw in parallel with the 18th European AIDS Conference, which took place in Warsaw between 18 and 21 October 2023. RESULTS In total, 545 questionnaires were collected. The median age of the study participants was 20 (interquartile range (IQR): 19-22 years). The majority of respondents were as follows: women (67.5%), born in Poland (97.8%), and were attending the medical faculty (56.7%). Only 114 (21.43%) participants had ever been tested for HIV. For all modes of HIV transmission, most of the respondents overestimated the risk of acquiring HIV, but, at the same time, they had never been tested for HIV. CONCLUSIONS Only one in five health sciences students has ever had a test for HIV, which is less than estimates for the general population of Warsaw. There is an ongoing need to popularize testing among future health care providers in order to address both the indications for testing for individuals and the better use of HIV testing in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kowalska
- Department of Adults' Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Martyna Cholewik
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Carlo Bieńkowski
- Department of Adults' Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Dominik Bursa
- Department of Adults' Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland
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Al Bahri R, Al-Balushi A, Balkhair A. Knowledge and Attitudes of Undergraduate University Students in Oman With Regard to People Living With HIV. Cureus 2024; 16:e67006. [PMID: 39280526 PMCID: PMC11402373 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.67006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is scarce literature from the region pertinent to university students' HIV-related knowledge, perception, attitudes, and behavior toward people living with HIV. Moreover, university students in Oman are remarkably uninformed about HIV, resulting in misconceptions and stigmatization among students. OBJECTIVE This research aimed to examine HIV-related knowledge and attitudes of undergraduate medical and non-medical university students toward people living with HIV in Oman. METHODS This was a qualitative cross-sectional study using convenience sampling to recruit participants from nine colleges at Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman. An online questionnaire composed of 17 Likert scale statements examining students' knowledge and nine Likert scale statements exploring students' attitudes was used. A knowledge score ≥ the mean was considered good knowledge, whereas a stigma score > the mean was regarded as stigmatization. A sample size of 376 students was computed using a Raosoft calculator (Raosoft, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States) with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%. Cronbach's alpha for the 26-item questionnaire was α = 0.716. Responses were collected and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26, (Released 2019; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). The questionnaire and the study protocol were approved by the institution's medical research and ethics committee. RESULTS A total of 678 undergraduate university students responded to the questionnaire including 450 (66.4%) and 228 (33.6%) female and male students, respectively. Medical students represented 20.8% of the responders. The mean knowledge score was 12.3 ± 1 signifying good knowledge in 72% of the students and the mean stigma score was 6.03 ± 3.51 indicating that 43.4% of the responders had a negative and stigmatizing attitude. Medical students had the highest mean knowledge score (14.2 ± 1.8) denoting good knowledge in 83.5% of the students. Additionally, medical students had the lowest mean stigma score (4.64 ± 3.32) implying that 29% of the surveyed medical students had negative attitudes toward people living with HIV. No significant association was found between students' academic performance or students' sex with mean knowledge scores. Contrarily, male sex was found to be significantly associated with lower mean stigma scores. No significant relationship between students' knowledge scores and stigma scores was observed. CONCLUSION The findings of this study denote a substantial gap in HIV-related knowledge among university students, leading to undesirable attitudes toward people living with HIV. These findings call for an urgent need to escalate HIV awareness and educational programs tailored to university students in Oman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Al Bahri
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OMN
| | - Aaisha Al-Balushi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OMN
| | - Abdullah Balkhair
- Department of Medicine/Infectious Diseases Unit, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, OMN
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Denison JA, Willis K, DeLong SM, Sievwright KM, Agwu AL, Arrington-Sanders R, Kaufman MR, Prabhu S, Williams AM, Fields EL, Alexander KA, Lee L, Yang C. Advancing Adolescent and Young Adult HIV Prevention and Care and Treatment Through Use of Multi-level Theories and Frameworks: A Scoping Review and Adapted HIV Ecological Framework. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:1694-1707. [PMID: 38351279 PMCID: PMC11069483 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
While multi-level theories and frameworks have become a cornerstone in broader efforts to address HIV inequities, little is known regarding their application in adolescent and young adult (AYA) HIV research. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review to assess the use and application of multi-level theories and frameworks in AYA HIV prevention and care and treatment empirical research. We systematically searched five databases for articles published between 2010 and May 2020, screened abstracts, and reviewed eligible full-text articles for inclusion. Of the 5890 citations identified, 1706 underwent full-text review and 88 met the inclusion criteria: 70 focused on HIV prevention, with only 14 on care and treatment, 2 on both HIV prevention and care and treatment, and 2 on HIV-affected AYA. Most authors described the theory-based multi-level framework as informing their data analysis, with only 12 describing it as informing/guiding an intervention. More than seventy different multi-level theories were described, with 38% utilizing socio-ecological models or the eco-developmental theory. Findings were used to inform the adaptation of an AYA World Health Organization multi-level framework specifically to guide AYA HIV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Denison
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street. Room E5546, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Kalai Willis
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie M DeLong
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kirsty M Sievwright
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street. Room E5546, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, US
| | - Allison L Agwu
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Michelle R Kaufman
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sandeep Prabhu
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street. Room E5546, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ashlie M Williams
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street. Room E5546, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Errol L Fields
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Lana Lee
- Adult Clinical Branch, Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cui Yang
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Forrester N, Keyes JZS, Cajimat R, Burklin Y, Hall MAK, Cobb J. Undiagnosed HIV in Patients on Immunosuppressive Medications Presenting with HIV-Associated Kidney Disease. South Med J 2024; 117:254-259. [PMID: 38701846 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 158,500 adults and adolescents in the United States live with undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Missed or delayed diagnoses adversely affect disease management and outcomes. This is particularly salient for patients receiving immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapy for the management of chronic inflammatory conditions, in which additional immunosuppression may increase the risk and severity of opportunistic infections. Despite this risk, comprehensive HIV testing before the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy is not yet the norm. We describe a case series containing the narratives of three patients recently treated with immunosuppressive agents, who presented with signs concerning for HIV-associated kidney diseases and who were found to have undiagnosed HIV later in the treatment course, which, unfortunately, resulted in poor outcomes. Screening for HIV or related illnesses, such as viral hepatitis or mycobacterial co-infections including tuberculosis, is essential before initiating biologic immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jason Cobb
- Division of Renal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Ertl MM, Fresquez CL. Do Traditional Gender Role Beliefs Promote Abstinence and Sexual Health Behaviors Among Latina College Students? ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:1141-1151. [PMID: 38157136 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02760-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Traditional gender role beliefs, or marianismo beliefs, are theorized to be largely protective against health risk behaviors, including sexual risk behaviors among Latina young adults. However, measurement differences across studies and research with heterogeneous samples of abstinent and sexually active Latina young adults have led to unclear findings. Thus, we investigated whether endorsement of certain marianismo beliefs may promote sexual health behaviors or solely promote abstinence. Guided by gender role schema theory, this study investigated the multidimensional construct of marianismo beliefs in relation to past-year abstinence from sexual activity, STI and HIV testing, and condom use among 611 Latina young adults. Results indicated that endorsement of the Virtuous and Chaste belief was associated with decreased odds of sexual activity (i.e., increased odds of being abstinent) in the past year. None of the five marianismo beliefs were significantly linked with condom use. Among sexually active participants, the Virtuous and Chaste belief was associated with decreased likelihood to be tested for both STIs and HIV in the past year. Findings support the notion that certain marianismo beliefs (e.g., the Virtuous and Chaste belief) may promote abstinence, yet pose a risk for sexual health via reduced likelihood for STI and HIV testing. Results may inform culturally-tailored HIV prevention interventions with Latinas to reduce the disproportionate HIV burden in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Ertl
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, N218 Elliott Hall, 75 E River Pkwy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Cara L Fresquez
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
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Hidayat J, Chen MY, Maulina R, Nurbaya S. Factors Associated With HIV-Related Stigma Among Indonesian Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey. J Nurs Res 2023; 31:e295. [PMID: 37668415 DOI: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite worldwide advances in HIV care and growing scientific knowledge about HIV, stigma and prejudice continue to hinder people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) from seeking treatment and care. HIV-related stigma among healthcare workers in Indonesia has been investigated and measured in only a few empirical studies. PURPOSE This study was developed to identify factors related to holding stigmatizing attitudes toward PLWHA among professional healthcare providers in Indonesia. METHODS A cross-sectional survey approach using convenience and snowball sampling techniques was used. Data were collected in February and March 2022. All of the participants were healthcare workers in Indonesia who had completed an online survey that collected demographic data and measured HIV-related stigma, fear of HIV transmission, and HIV-related knowledge. Bivariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to investigate the association between the independent and dependent variables. RESULTS The study enrolled 252 participants, including eight physicians (3.2%), 200 nurses (79.4%), and 44 midwives (17.5%). Over two thirds of the participants (65.1%) had no formal HIV training. Stigmatizing attitudes were associated with lower levels of HIV knowledge ( B = -0.480, p < .01), fear of becoming infected with the HIV virus ( B = 0.354, p < .05), and type of HIV care setting ( B = -2.913, p < .05). Of the three participant categories, physicians had the highest levels of both HIV knowledge and PLWHA-related stigma. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate many healthcare workers in Indonesia receive limited formal training on HIV, have low levels of HIV knowledge, and fear HIV transmission. Therefore, providing comprehensive and up-to-date education about HIV for health workers and proper personal protective equipment should be incorporated into programs aimed at reducing stigmatizing attitudes against patients with HIV among healthcare workers in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jufri Hidayat
- MSN, RN, Doctoral Student, School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Yen Chen
- PhD, RN, Associate Professor, School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rufidah Maulina
- MS, Lecturer, Midwifery Department, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sitti Nurbaya
- MS, Lecturer, Faculty of Nursing, Stikes Nani Hasanuddin Makassar, Indonesia
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Wang N, Zhang R, Ye Z, Lan G, Zhu Q, Chen H, Zhang X, Tan S, Ruan Y, Lin M. Studies on HIV/AIDS Among Students: Bibliometric Analysis. Interact J Med Res 2023; 12:e46042. [PMID: 37540553 PMCID: PMC10439465 DOI: 10.2196/46042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, HIV infection in students has been an ongoing concern worldwide. A large number of articles have been published; however, statistical analysis of the data presented in these publications is lacking. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to detect and analyze emerging trends and collaborative networks in research on HIV/AIDS among students. METHODS Research publications on HIV/AIDS among students from 1985 to 2022 were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. A topic search was used for this study, and articles in English were included. CiteSpace was used to generate visual networks of countries/regions, institutions, references, and keywords. Citation analysis was used to discover milestones in the field and trace the roots of the knowledge base. Keyword analysis was used to detect research hotspots and predict future trends. RESULTS A total of 2726 publications met the inclusion criteria. Over the past 38 years, the number of publications annually has been on the rise overall. The United States had the highest number of publications (n=1303) and the highest centrality (0.91). The University of California system was the core institution. The main target population of studies on HIV/AIDS among students were medical and university students. These studies focused on students' knowledge, attitudes, risk behaviors, and education about HIV/AIDS. The recent bursting keywords (gay, sexual health, adherence, barriers, mental health, HIV testing, stigma, and antiretroviral therapy) revealed research trends and public interest on this topic. CONCLUSIONS This study identified countries/regions and institutions contributing to the research area of HIV/AIDS among students and revealed research hotspots and emerging trends. The field of research on HIV/AIDS among students was growing rapidly. The United States was at the center, and the University of California system was the core institution. However, academic collaboration should be strengthened. Future research may focus on exploring gay students, sexual health, adherence, barriers, mental health, HIV testing, stigma, and antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention Control and Biosafety Emergency Response, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Runxi Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zeyan Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Guanghua Lan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention Control and Biosafety Emergency Response, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuying Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention Control and Biosafety Emergency Response, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention Control and Biosafety Emergency Response, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Xiangjun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Shengkui Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yuhua Ruan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention Control and Biosafety Emergency Response, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Mei Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention Control and Biosafety Emergency Response, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
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Zarwell M, Patton A, Gunn LH, Benziger A, Witt B, Robinson PA, Terrell DF. PrEP awareness, willingness, and likelihood to use future HIV prevention methods among undergraduate college students in an ending the HIV epidemic jurisdiction. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37463522 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2232885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify factors associated with PrEP awareness, willingness, and future prevention modalities among undergraduate college students. PARTICIPANTS Undergraduates (N = 701) were recruited from a private university, a public research university, and a private historically Black college and university for an online survey. METHODS Upon multiple imputations, a multivariate logistic model, a multivariate multinomial model, and independent multivariate ordinal logistic models were used to calculate Rubin's rules-pooled adjusted odds ratios for PrEP awareness, willingness, and future HIV prevention methods. RESULTS Only 33.4% of students had heard of and 32.4% were willing to take PrEP. PrEP willingness was higher among sexual minority students compared to heterosexual/straight students (OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.03-2.63); p = .036). The likelihood to take a future vaccine or antibody prophylaxis treatment was higher than the likelihood to take injectable PrEP or implants. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to increase PrEP uptake and willingness among undergraduates should emphasize equity in HIV education and include future prevention modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan Zarwell
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
- Academy for Population Health Innovation, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte and Mecklenburg County Public Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Patton
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
- Academy for Population Health Innovation, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte and Mecklenburg County Public Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Laura H Gunn
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
- School of Data Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alyssa Benziger
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
- Academy for Population Health Innovation, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte and Mecklenburg County Public Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Brian Witt
- Academy for Population Health Innovation, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte and Mecklenburg County Public Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
- Department of HIV/STD Community Services, Mecklenburg County Public Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Patrick A Robinson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
- Academy for Population Health Innovation, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte and Mecklenburg County Public Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Debra F Terrell
- Department of Natural and Behavioral Sciences, Johnson C. Smith University, Charlotte, NC, USA
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Nkwonta CA, Harrison SE. HIV knowledge, risk perception, and testing behaviors among college students in South Carolina. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:274-281. [PMID: 33759714 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1891078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a critical public health challenge and disproportionately affects young adults, racial minorities, and residents of the Southern United States. This study aimed to investigate HIV knowledge, risk perception, and testing behaviors among a sample of college students in South Carolina (SC). Participants: Undergraduate students (N = 256) from a large public university in SC. Methods: Participants completed a cross-sectional survey on HIV knowledge, testing behaviors, and attitudes. Results: More than one-third of participants displayed misunderstanding about HIV transmission. Less than 20% perceived themselves to be at-risk for HIV, and only 8% reported having ever been tested for HIV. In addition, a majority of participants (83%) reported they would feel ashamed if they acquired HIV. HIV knowledge was negatively correlated with HIV testing. Conclusions: Results indicate the need for HIV education among college students in SC to clear misconceptions, minimize knowledge gaps, reduce HIV-related stigma, and promote HIV testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chigozie A Nkwonta
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sayward E Harrison
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Dibble KE, Murray SM, Wiginton JM, Maksut JL, Lyons CE, Aggarwal R, Augustinavicius JL, Al-Tayyib A, Sey EK, Ma Y, Flynn C, German D, Higgins E, Anderson BJ, Menza TW, Orellana ER, Flynn AB, Wermuth PP, Kienzle J, Shields G, Baral SD. Associations between HIV testing and multilevel stigmas among gay men and other men who have sex with men in nine urban centers across the United States. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1179. [PMID: 36127682 PMCID: PMC9490978 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08572-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Complex manifestation of stigma across personal, community, and structural levels and their effect on HIV outcomes are less understood than effects in isolation. Yet, multilevel approaches that jointly assesses HIV criminalization and personal sexual behavior stigma in relation to HIV testing have not been widely employed or have only focused on specific subpopulations. The current study assesses the association of three types of MSM-related sexual behavior-related stigma (family, healthcare, general social stigma) measured at both individual and site levels and the presence/absence of laws criminalizing HIV transmission with HIV testing behaviors to inform HIV surveillance and prevention efforts among HIV-negative MSM in a holistic and integrated way. Methods We included nine National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) 2017 sites: Baltimore, MD; Denver, CO; Detroit, MI; Houston, TX; Long Island/Nassau-Suffolk, NY; Los Angeles, CA; Portland, OR; San Diego, CA; and Virginia Beach and Norfolk, VA. Multivariable generalized hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine how sexual behavior stigmas (stigma from family, anticipated healthcare stigma, general social stigma) measured at the individual and site levels and state HIV criminalization legislation (no, HIV-specific, or sentence-enhancement laws) were associated with past-year HIV testing behaviors across sites (n = 3,278). Results The majority of MSM across sites were tested for HIV in the past two years (n = 2,909, 95.4%) with the average number of times tested ranging from 1.79 (SD = 3.11) in Portland, OR to 4.95 (SD = 4.35) in Los Angeles, CA. In unadjusted models, there was a significant positive relationship between stigma from family and being tested for HIV in the past two years. Site-level HIV-specific criminalization laws were associated with an approximate 5% reduction in the prevalence of receiving any HIV test in the past two years after individual level stigma and sociodemographic covariate adjustments (PR = 0.94, 95% CI, 0.90–0.99). Conclusions Structural barriers faced by MSM persist and ending the HIV epidemic in the US requires a supportive legal environment to ensure effective engagement in HIV services among MSM. Home-based solutions, such as self-testing, used to deliver HIV testing may be particularly important in punitive settings while legal change is advocated for on the community and state levels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08572-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Dibble
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Sarah M Murray
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - John Mark Wiginton
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jessica L Maksut
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Carrie E Lyons
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rohin Aggarwal
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jura L Augustinavicius
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Alia Al-Tayyib
- Denver Public Health & Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Ekow Kwa Sey
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, 90012, USA
| | - Yingbo Ma
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, 90012, USA
| | - Colin Flynn
- Center for HIV Surveillance, Epidemiology, & Evaluation, Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Danielle German
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Emily Higgins
- Division of HIV and STI Programs, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS), Lansing, MI, 48909, USA
| | - Bridget J Anderson
- Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12237, USA
| | - Timothy W Menza
- HIV Data and Analysis Program, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, OR, 97232, USA
| | - E Roberto Orellana
- Regional Research Institute, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.,School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Anna B Flynn
- Surveillance & Federal Reporting Section, Maternal, Child, & Adolescent Health Division, California Department of Health,, San Francisco, CA, 94102, USA
| | - Paige Padgett Wermuth
- Division of Management Policy & Community Health (MPACH), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer Kienzle
- Division of Disease Prevention, Virginia Department of Health, HIV Surveillance, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Garrett Shields
- Division of Disease Prevention, Virginia Department of Health, HIV Surveillance, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Stefan D Baral
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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11
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Coyne R, Walsh JC, Noone C. Awareness, Understanding and HIV Stigma in Response to Undetectable = Untransmittable Messages: Findings from a Nationally Representative Sample in the United Kingdom. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:3818-3826. [PMID: 35687191 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
'Undetectable = Untransmittable', or 'U = U', is a message which communicates the scientific consensus that people living with HIV who maintain an undetectable viral load cannot sexually transmit HIV to others. This research aimed to empirically test whether a protection-framed U = U message is more effective at decreasing HIV stigma and increasing perceived accuracy of U = U than a risk-framed message. A nationally representative UK sample (N = 707) completed an online experiment. Participants viewed one of two U = U messages (protection-framed or risk-framed) and completed an online questionnaire. No evidence of a difference in HIV stigma at post-test or in perceived accuracy of U = U was found between the two message frame conditions. A minority of participants were aware of U = U prior to participation. Post-intervention, the majority of participants rated U = U as at least somewhat accurate. Higher understanding of U = U was associated with lower post-test stigma following a protection-framed message. Following a brief intervention, among a sample predominantly unaware of U = U previously, there was an overall favourable rating of U = U. No evidence was found for an effect of message framing on HIV stigma or perceived accuracy of U = U, but participants who completed a pre-test measure of stigma rated U = U as less accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Coyne
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Jane C Walsh
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Chris Noone
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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12
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Stewart JL, Wallace DD, Nance A, Schalkoff CA, Uhrig Castonguay BJ, Widman L, Carey MP, Golin CE. Validated HIV Knowledge Scales for Use with Adults and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:1695-1715. [PMID: 34729670 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
HIV knowledge - the information a person possesses about HIV - is essential for the prevention and management of HIV. Therefore, the accurate measurement of HIV knowledge is important for both science and practice. This systematic review identifies extant HIV knowledge scales that have been validated with adolescent and adult populations and summarizes the state of this research. We searched seven electronic databases, which resulted in 6,525 articles. After title/abstract and full-text review, 27 studies remained and underwent qualitative review of reported scale psychometric properties. Many studies were conducted in the last decade (n = 12), reflecting advances in scientific knowledge of HIV. Five were exclusively adolescent-based studies (sample age ≤ 18). Most studies reported reliability (n = 25) or at least one form of validity (n = 21). Future studies should develop or refine HIV knowledge scales so that they reflect recent scientific developments, use rigorous psychometric testing, and target samples that include those persons at highest risk for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Stewart
- Applied Social and Community Psychology Program, Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, 640 Poe Hall, Campus, Box 7650, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7650, USA.
| | - Deshira D Wallace
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 302 Rosenau Hall, 135 Dauer Drive, CB7440, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Abby Nance
- Applied Social and Community Psychology Program, Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, 640 Poe Hall, Campus, Box 7650, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7650, USA
| | - Christine A Schalkoff
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 302 Rosenau Hall, 135 Dauer Drive, CB7440, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Breana J Uhrig Castonguay
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 100 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Laura Widman
- Applied Social and Community Psychology Program, Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, 640 Poe Hall, Campus, Box 7650, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7650, USA
| | - Michael P Carey
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Carol E Golin
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 302 Rosenau Hall, 135 Dauer Drive, CB7440, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 100 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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13
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Zhang X, Wang X, Wang H, He X, Wang X. Stigmatization and Social Support of Pregnant Women With HIV or Syphilis in Eastern China: A Mixed-Method Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:764203. [PMID: 35359793 PMCID: PMC8961867 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.764203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stigmatization and poor social support are challenges faced by individuals living with HIV or sexually transmitted disease, which can have a profound negative impact on their healthcare. Mother-to-child transmission of either HIV or syphilis can lead to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate stigmatization and social support of pregnant women with HIV or syphilis in eastern China. Methods This was an explanatory sequential mixed-method study conducted in Zhejiang province, China in 2019. Stigmatization, social support, and the associated factors toward HIV or syphilis were evaluated using questionnaires. The social support rating scale was used to evaluate social support, where a score <25% was defined as poor social support. A logistic regression model was used to explore the association between stigmatization and poor social support. Results A total of 448 women (HIV positive, N = 93; syphilis, N = 355) were recruited in this study. Higher stigmatization was observed in pregnant women with HIV compared to those with syphilis (53.76% vs. 24.36%, p < 0.001), and poorer social support was observed in women with HIV compared with those with syphilis (40.86% vs. 19.86%, p < 0.001), with significant distributions of the total social support scores (Z = −1.976, p = 0.048) and scores on objectivity (Z = −2.036, p = 0.042) and subjectivity (Z = −2.500, p = 0.012). Similar social support among HIV or syphilis pregnant women was observed in medical healthcare facilities. In multivariable logistic model analysis, stigmatization (ORadj = 2.927; 95%CI, 1.714–4.996; p < 0.001) and ethnic minority (ORadj = 2.373; 95%CI, 1.113–5.056; p = 0.025) were negatively associated with social support. Interestingly, employment status was associated with improved social support (ORadj = 0.345; 95%CI, 0.180–0.662; p = 0.001). Conclusion Stigmatization among pregnant women with HIV or syphilis remains high. We demonstrated that stigmatization was a significant predictor of low social support in pregnant women with HIV or syphilis. The support shown in medical facilities was similar toward pregnant women with HIV or syphilis. Implementation of stigmatization eradication and social support strategies targeting pregnant women with HIV or syphilis may therefore improve the dual elimination of mother-to-child transmission service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Women's Health, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinmei He
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Women and Children Health Care Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Women's Health, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xinyu Wang
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14
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Stutts LA, Robinson PA, Witt B, Terrell DF. Lost in translation: College students' knowledge of HIV and PrEP in relation to their sexual health behaviors. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:561-567. [PMID: 32407199 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1757679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a notable public health problem among young adults. The present study examined college students' knowledge of HIV and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in relation to their sexual health behaviors. PARTICIPANTS AND METHOD Participants included 1516 students who completed questionnaires on actual and perceived HIV knowledge, perceived PrEP knowledge, and sexual health behaviors. RESULTS While knowledge of HIV was high, knowledge of PrEP was low. Approximately 73% of the sample reported not using condoms at all times, and 41% reported never having been tested for HIV. Women, students at public schools, upper-year students, and students with higher HIV and PrEP knowledge were more likely to get tested for HIV than their counterparts. Knowledge of HIV and PrEP did not relate to condom use. CONCLUSION These results suggest the need for increased education about PrEP and strategies to help students translate knowledge about HIV to recommended sexual health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Stutts
- Department of Health and Human Values, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patrick A Robinson
- Academy for Population Health Innovation and College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian Witt
- Mecklenburg County Public Health Department and Academy for Population Health Innovation, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Debra F Terrell
- Department of Psychology, Johnson C. Smith University, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Ncitakalo N, Mabaso M, Joska J, Simbayi L. Factors associated with external HIV-related stigma and psychological distress among people living with HIV in South Africa. SSM Popul Health 2021; 14:100809. [PMID: 34027011 PMCID: PMC8121694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-related stigma and psychological distress among people living with HIV (PLHIV) pose a public health challenge in most African countries. This study aims to investigate the association between HIV-related stigmatizing attitudes and psychological distress amongst PLHIV in South Africa using the 2012 nationally representative population-based household survey. METHODS The data used in the analysis were collected using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling design. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with stigma among PLHIV with psychological distress. A total of 2521 HIV positive individuals that responded to the question on psychological distress, 34.3% had psychological distress and 37.9% experienced high levels of HIV related stigmatizing attitudes. Stigmatizing attitudes among PLHIV with psychological distress were significantly less likely among those with secondary level education [aOR = 0.67 (95% CI: 0.44-1.01), p = 0.050], those with correct knowledge about HIV and rejection of myths about HIV [aOR = 0.58 (95% CI: 0.38-0.89), p = 0.013], and those who ever tested for HIV [aOR = 0.65 (95% CI: 0.42-1.01), p = 0.054]. CONCLUSION The findings suggest a need to reinvigorate stigma-reduction interventions in the national HIV response with emphasis on HIV awareness and education campaigns. In addition, HIV testing services should be reinforced through communication strategies targeted against HIV stigmatization, discrimination and fear. There is also a need to continuously engage PLHIV in programs through counselling and support interventions for acceptance of HIV positive status and to help them cope with HIV-related stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Musawenkosi Mabaso
- Human and Social Capabilities Research Division, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - John Joska
- HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leickness Simbayi
- Office of the Deputy Chief Executive Officer for Research, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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16
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Carter G, Woodward B, Ohmit A, Gleissner A, Short M. Primary care providers as a critical access point to HIV information and services for African American and Latinx communities. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246016. [PMID: 33539465 PMCID: PMC7861398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the association between confidence in accessing HIV services, primary sources of HIV information, and primary care provider status for African American and Latinx individuals in Indiana. METHODS An online survey was disseminated to African American and Latinx individuals using snowball and social media recruitment methods, resulting in a final sample size of n = 308. A multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relationships between confidence accessing HIV services, primary care provider status, sexual identification, and sources of HIV information. RESULTS Of the total respondents, 62.5% (n = 193) identified as male and 36.9% (n = 114) identified as female. Most identified as African American (72.5%, n = 224), followed by 27.2% (n = 84) who identified as Latinx. Participants who used their primary care providers as a primary source of obtaining HIV information had a significantly higher level of comfort with accessing HIV services. Those who identified family members as a primary source of HIV information and those who identified as bisexual demonstrated a lower level of confidence in accessing HIV services. DISCUSSION This study's results enhance our understanding of marginalization within minority groups regarding sexual identification and accessing HIV services. These results also offer insight into the importance of healthcare access because having a primary care provider was a strong predictor of increased confidence in accessing HIV services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Carter
- Indiana University School of Nursing Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brennan Woodward
- Indiana University School of Nursing Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - Anita Ohmit
- Indiana Minority Health Coalition, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Andrew Gleissner
- Indiana University School of Nursing Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - Meredith Short
- Positive Link Bloomington Indiana, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
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17
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Hernandez R. (Mis)perceptions of HIV and HPV among female college students: a qualitative study. Sex Health 2020; 17:414-420. [PMID: 33176907 DOI: 10.1071/sh20054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aims to investigate college women's misperceptions about the human papillomavirus virus (HPV) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS Twenty college women from an urban, Midwestern university in the United States were recruited to participate in interviews exploring their beliefs about HIV and HPV. In-depth interviews were conducted and analysed via interpretive methods. RESULTS The college women in this study often conflated or confused HPV and HIV and revealed misperceptions about the severity and prevalence of HPV and HIV. CONCLUSION The results have important implications for understanding college women's sexual risk behaviour and, as a result, can inform the practices of both healthcare providers and public health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Hernandez
- Department of Communication, University of Missouri, 108 Switzler Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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18
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Shim MS, Kim GS. Factors Influencing Young Korean Men's Knowledge and Stigmatizing Attitudes about HIV Infection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8076. [PMID: 33147834 PMCID: PMC7663464 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stigma against people living with HIV (PLHIV) fosters depression and negatively impacts the quality of life in PLHIV and is a barrier to the whole process of treatment. This study aimed to identify the levels of knowledge and stigmatizing attitudes toward HIV infection among Korean men in their 20s and the factors influencing them. A cross-sectional design was used. Two hundred and eight Korean men in their 20s responded to self-report questionnaires that included items on knowledge and stigmatizing attitudes about HIV infection, subjective norms for safer sexual behaviors (SSBs), participants' HIV-related characteristics, sex-related characteristics, and general characteristics. The mean score (±SD) for knowledge was 13.9 (±5.28) and for stigmatizing attitudes was 64.1 (±11.42). In quantile regression analysis, exposure to HIV-related information was a significant factor for knowledge in every quantile, and experience of HIV education was a significant factor in the 50th quantile. Experience of meeting PLHIV was a significant factor for stigmatizing attitudes in the 25th quantile, and subjective norms for SSB were a significant factor for stigmatizing attitudes in the 25th and 50th quantiles. Findings suggest the need for intervention to improve young Korean men's knowledge, as well as intervention focusing on norms for SSB, to prevent stigmatizing attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gwang Suk Kim
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
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19
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Lima MSD, Raniere JC, Paes CJO, Gonçalves LHT, Cunha CLF, Ferreira GRON, Botelho EP. The association between knowledge about HIV and risk factors in young Amazon people. Rev Bras Enferm 2020; 73:e20190453. [PMID: 32667402 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES analyze the association between the level of HIV knowledge among young people from Amazonas region, their sociodemographic profile and infection risk factors. METHODS cross-sectional analytical study, which used a structured questionnaire containing questions about sociodemographic, behavioral aspects and HIV knowledge. Data were grouped by sex and underwent ordinal and binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS the students had an HIV knowledge deficit, associated with a low educational level of their parents and low family income. The most frequent risk factors were lack of knowledge on the part of female students regarding proper male condom use, their infrequent use in sexual relations and failure to do HIV testing. There was an association between level of knowledge and use of dating apps by female students. CONCLUSIONS there was no association between level of knowledge and the preponderant risk factors, but the students' knowledge deficit rendered them more vulnerable to infection.
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20
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Sexual Risk Factors and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing Intention Among At-Risk College Students Who Have Never Been Tested. Sex Transm Dis 2020; 46:e76-e79. [PMID: 31192890 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Survey data from a university in the southeast United States were used to estimate the relation between sexual risk factors, perceived susceptibility, and human immunodeficiency virus testing intention among sexually active college students who had never been tested. Sexual risk factors, but not knowledge, were indirectly related to increased human immunodeficiency virus testing intention through perceived susceptibility.
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21
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Relevance of students' demographic characteristics, sources of information and personal attitudes towards HIV testing for HIV knowledge: evidence from a post-conflict setting. J Biosoc Sci 2020; 53:1-19. [PMID: 31987058 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932019000877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although studies on HIV knowledge have previously been conducted in central Serbia and southern Kosovo, none has included the Serbian population residing in the northern part of the Kosovo province. The aim of this study was to assess HIV-related knowledge and to estimate factors contributing to a higher HIV-related knowledge level among Serbian university students in the Kosovo province. A cross-sectional study including 1017 first- and fourth-year students enrolled at the University of Pristina temporarily seated in Kosovska Mitrovica was carried out during the academic year 2013-2014. The students completed a 31-item questionnaire comprising demographic data, HIV transmission knowledge and attitude towards HIV testing. Data were statistically analysed. Students demonstrated good knowledge of HIV (average 32.8 ± 3.3 out of a maximum 42). Only 5% of the students reported having been tested for HIV. Factors associated with being more knowledgeable about HIV were studying health-related disciplines (β = -0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.13, 0.00), using the internet as a source of information about HIV (β = -1.09; 95% CI -1.65, -0.52), having a positive attitude towards HIV testing (β = -0.43; 95% CI -0.59, -0.26), having a low self-perceived risk for HIV infection (β = 0.41; 95% CI 0.23, 0.56) and the position that one would keep the same level of contact with an HIV-positive person after learning their HIV status (β = 0.38; 95% CI 0.21, 0.55). Setting up specialized classes on this topic at high schools and universities could help to increase the awareness of HIV infection and promote HIV testing and a positive attitude towards HIV-positive persons.
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