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Slezackova A, Malatincova T, Millova K, Svetlak M, Krafft AM. The moderating effect of perceived hope in the relationship between anxiety and posttraumatic growth during the Russian-Ukrainian war. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1440021. [PMID: 39156809 PMCID: PMC11327115 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1440021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study examines the relationships between perceived hope, posttraumatic growth, well-being, anxiety, and perceived threat of the Russian-Ukrainian War (RUW) in the Czech adult population. Drawing on the evidence of posttraumatic growth (PTG) amidst crisis, we hypothesized that perceived hope moderates the effects of perceived threat of war and anxiety on PTG. Methods Data were obtained from 1,000 Czech respondents via an online questionnaire ten months post-invasion. The form included measures of posttraumatic growth, perceived hope, well-being, anxiety and depression, and perceived threat of war. Results Our findings reveal that perceived hope acted as a moderator enhancing the positive effects of perceived threat and anxiety on PTG. However, perceived hope did not significantly moderate the direct effects of perceived threats and anxiety on well-being. Discussion This study highlights the significant role of hope amidst adversity and underscores its potential as a target for interventions aiming to foster PTG in populations who navigate traumatic experiences. Furthermore, it advocates for continued exploration of the factors interacting to enhance well-being and facilitate PTG in affected communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Slezackova
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tatiana Malatincova
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Katarina Millova
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Svetlak
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Andreas M. Krafft
- Institute of Systemic Management and Public Governance, University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Torales J, Barrios I, Melgarejo O, Ruiz Díaz N, O'Higgins M, Navarro R, Amarilla D, Almirón-Santacruz J, González-Urbieta I, Caycho-Rodríguez T, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A. Hope, resilience and subjective happiness among general population of Paraguay in the post COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:489-497. [PMID: 38059364 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231216342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive mental health includes not only the absence of mental disorders but also the presence of subjective well-being, good coping strategies for life stress, and strategies for adapting to community life. It is well known that the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged mental health in general population worldwide. However, research has not measured protective factors for mental health in the general population after the declared end of pandemic by the World Health Organization. METHODS This observational, cross-sectional study surveyed 591 Paraguayan participants aged ⩾18 years, who were recruited through an online survey. Demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status were collected as well as mental health and validated tools for hope, resilience, subjective happiness were administered. RESULTS Of the participants, 81.6% were women, 54% were married or in a relationship and 90.7% reported an university education. The main source of stress was economic issues (30.3%). A total of 22.7% had been previously diagnosed with a mental disorder, 22.2% had consulted a mental health professional and 10.8% had consumed prescription drugs. 42.6% reported flourishing, 36.2% reported moderate and 21.2% reported languishing mental health. CONCLUSIONS This large survey has shown that most of participants reported a flourishing mental health with high ratings at hope, resilience, and subjective happiness scales. Also, the main sources of stress were economic issues, not consequently related to the pandemic. This may add evidences to the international debate on the long term effects of the global pandemic and probably suggests that recovery processes have been collectively adopted in Paraguay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Torales
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Iván Barrios
- Department of Statistics, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, Santa Rosa del Aguaray Campus, Santa Rosa del Aguaray, Paraguay
| | - Osvaldo Melgarejo
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Noelia Ruiz Díaz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Marcelo O'Higgins
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Rodrigo Navarro
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Diego Amarilla
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - José Almirón-Santacruz
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | | | - João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
- Department of Neuroscience, Fundação do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Jiao Z, Chen Y, Lyu C. Factors correlated with personal growth initiative among college students: A meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28518. [PMID: 38689971 PMCID: PMC11059555 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In higher education, Personal growth initiative (PGI) has been the focus of attention, personal growth initiative is a fundamental mechanism for individual advancement, equipping college students with the resilience to navigate obstacles and bolstering self-enhancement. The present study comprehensively synthesizes existing research on the factors correlated with personal growth initiative among collegiate populations, aims to identify all correlated factors of college students' personal growth initiative, and the level of correlation. A systematic search was conducted through Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, JSTOR, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library, as well as manually search in Google Schalor, spanning to collate research on college students' personal growth initiative. Quantitative synthesis was performed using STATA 17, while sensitivity was tested using a change effect model approach and publication bias was assessed employing Egger's test. After applying the Bonferroni correction, this study found that 18 factors were significantly positively correlated with college students' personal growth initiative, including 4 high-level correlated factors, 10 medium-level correlated factors, and 4 low-level correlated factors, as well as 4 factors were significantly negatively correlated, including 1 medium-level correlated factor and 3 low-level correlated factors. These findings offer valuable insights into personal growth initiative among college students, and the reference for educators and institutional leaders aiming to foster personal growth initiative for college student self-development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun Jiao
- Department of Literature, Qingdao Film Academy, Qingdao, China
| | - You Chen
- School of Housing, Building & Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chunwei Lyu
- School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Palacios-Delgado J, Acevedo-Ibarra JN. Psychometric Properties of a New Mexican Optimism Scale: Ethnopsychological Approach. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2747-2764. [PMID: 38131889 PMCID: PMC10743040 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13120190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this paper, a Mexican Optimism Scale was constructed to investigate and estimate psychometric properties (reliability and validity based on the measurement model). The convergent validity and validity criterion were evaluated for a sample of young Mexicans. METHODS The scale was presented to 848 Mexican young people aged between 17 and 30 years from three different regions of Mexico. The scale was reduced to 20 items on the basis of CFA and analyses of internal consistency. RESULTS The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) suggested a three-factor structure of optimism: affective resources, positive vision and hope. The data provided evidence for convergent validity with positive affect, negative affect and coping. Additionally, males scored higher on affective resources and positive vision than females. Finally, the results support the reliability of the instrument. CONCLUSIONS The psychometric properties of the Mexican Optimism Scale proved to be highly acceptable and allow for a novel assessment of optimism from an ethnopsychological perspective. Validity, reliability and invariance were determined, as well as percentiles for the practical use of the scale. This scale may be of crucial importance for future research on optimism and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Palacios-Delgado
- Unidad de Investigación en Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Querétaro, Blvd. Juriquilla No. 1000 A Del. Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Jessica Noemí Acevedo-Ibarra
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Cumbres, Calle Av Las Palmas 5500, Cima de Las Cumbres, Monterrey 64610, Mexico
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Bazargan-Hejazi S, Negrete Manriquez JA, McDermoth-Grimes M, Parra EA, Prothrow-Stith D. Underrepresented in medicine students' perspectives on impactful medical education. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:904. [PMID: 36585706 PMCID: PMC9805279 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring the perceptions of underrepresented in medicine (URiM) students about the medical education curriculum and learning environment could optimize their education outcomes. The current study delineated perceptions of URiM medical students about the unique elements and characteristics of an impactful medical education program that create a positive, supportive learning environment culture. METHODS We conducted in-depth interviews with 15 URiM students between January 2018 and April 2018. Interviewees were recruited from an accredited medical education program in Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). The University is also a member of the Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities in the U.S. The main question that guided the study was, "What do URiM students at a Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) medical school believe would make a medical education program (MEP) impactful?" We used the grounded theory analytical approach and performed content analysis via qualitative thematic evaluation. RESULTS Of 112 enrolled medical students (MS), 15 verbally consented to participation. We identified four general themes and several subthemes. The themes include 1) Grounding learning in the community; 2) Progressive system-based practice competency; 3) Social justice competency and 4) Trauma-informed medical education delivery. Theme 1 included the following subthemes (a) community engagement, and (b) student-run clinic, mobile clinic, and homeless clinic rotations. Theme 2 includes (a) interprofessional learning and (b) multidisciplinary medicine for cultivating a 'just' healthcare system. Theme 3 includes (a) longitudinal social justice curriculum, (b) advocacy, and (c) health disparity research. Theme 4 had the following subdomains (a) early and ongoing mentoring and (b) provision of supportive policies, services and practices to maximize learning and mental health. CONCLUSION Our learners found that social justice, trauma-informed, community-based curricula are impactful for URiM learners. These findings highlight the need for further research to assess the impact of permeating the championship culture, community cultural wealth, and transformational education in all aspects of the MEP in providing a supporting and positive learning environment for URiM students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Jose A. Negrete Manriquez
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Monique McDermoth-Grimes
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA
- College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elisabeth Alexandra Parra
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Deborah Prothrow-Stith
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA
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Kim H, Jhon M, Kim JW, Kang HJ, Ryu S, Kim JM, Lee JY, Kim SW. Factors Associated With Depression and Anxiety in Korean Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:551-561. [PMID: 35903057 PMCID: PMC9334801 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to identify factors associated with depression and anxiety among Korean adolescents during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,898 Korean adolescents (55.2% male, 44.8% female) ranging in age from 12 to 17 years (mean±standard deviaion age, 15.4±2.6 years). Depression and anxiety were defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥10 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 score ≥10, respectively. Other questionnaires included sociodemographic data, psychosocial stresses, and experiences in association with COVID-19. Psychiatric scales included Gratitude Questionnaire-6, Perceived Stress Scale-10, and UCLA Loneliness Scale-3. RESULTS The prevalence rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms among participants were 13.8% and 21.0%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that female sex, fear of COVID-19 infection, low gratitude were risk factors for depression. Fear of COVID-19 infection, increased TV watching time, and academic-related stress were risk factors for anxiety. CONCLUSION Depression and anxiety were prevalent during the pandemic in Korean adolescents, and were associated with fear of COVID-19 infection. Providing appropriate information on COVID-19, helping adolescents manage academic-related stress and maintain daily life patterns, and implementing interventions to foster gratitude are important for preventing depression and anxiety in Korean adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honey Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jhon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyong Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Gwangju Bukgu Community Mental Health and Welfare Center, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Gwangju Bukgu Community Mental Health and Welfare Center, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Psychological Capital, Well-being, and Distress of International Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2022; 44:529-549. [PMID: 35730062 PMCID: PMC9199344 DOI: 10.1007/s10447-022-09473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
International students continue to experience myriad of challenges, some of which further transpired disproportionately during the COVID-19 pandemic era. To this effect, this study investigated psychological capital (PsyCap), psychological distress, and well-being among 188 international students attending U.S universities. Results using Hayes PROCESS indicated that well-being mediated the relationship between PsyCap and psychological distress and in particular moderated the relationship between PsyCap and depression. When higher education institutions are considering steps to mitigate psychological distress experienced by international students during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond, based on the findings of our study, we suggest investing efforts and resources into two aspects: (a) promotion of positive mental health and well-being and (b) identification and development of positive psychological capital. We further discuss these results and implications for mental health promotion of international students in light of its limitations and recommendations for future research.
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