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Luce A, Turner G, Kennedy L, Bush-Evans RD. "Quite simply they don't communicate": a case study of a National Health Service response to staff suicide. MEDICAL HUMANITIES 2024; 50:116-124. [PMID: 38195242 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Workplace suicide can have significant knock-on effects within an organisation, yet research has shown within the healthcare profession, not all staff receive suicide prevention training, and few employers take the time to reflect on the need to change workplace policies or practices following the death of a staff member to suicide. How staff suicide is communicated across an organisation and to family members is important. Effective crisis communication is critical for effective management for a timely and sensitive response to a staff suicide within an organisation. By doing so, workplaces can help to reduce the significant emotional trauma suicide can have on an employee, and support good mental health across its workforce. This study aimed to explore and understand the communication processes around staff suicide across a National Health Service (NHS) Trust and to provide recommendations based on these findings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 participants, each lasting approximately 90 min. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines were followed. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data, resulting in seven themes being identified based on communication. Findings indicated that the Trust had no clear communication strategy in place for tackling staff suicide. Each suicide was handled differently, training across staff roles was lacking and operational procedures were deemed insensitive. This paper aimed to provide insight into the communication strategies used in the aftermath of a staff suicide. These findings highlight the inconsistency of the communication, lack of clear policy and guidance and the negative impact this had on staff. Further research is needed across NHS Trusts nationwide to gain insight into the current communication strategies in place to develop a national approach to clear communication following the death of an NHS worker to suicide. Tweetable abstract: Effective communication is critical in the aftermath of an NHS staff suicide. By doing so, NHS Trusts can help to reduce the trauma suicide can have on an employee and support good mental health across its workforce @stann2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Luce
- Department of Communication and Journalism, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Georgia Turner
- Department of Communication and Journalism, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Lauren Kennedy
- Department of Communication and Journalism, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Reece D Bush-Evans
- Department of Communication and Journalism, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
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Putri AK, Armstrong G, Setiyawati D, Andriessen K. Unveiling studies on self-healing practices for suicide loss survivors: A scoping review. DEATH STUDIES 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38259251 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2024.2304773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This scoping review aimed to examine how self-healing practices had been addressed in the empirical literature on suicide bereavement. Adhering to PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched five databases for peer-reviewed studies that reported using self-healing practices, either as a primary or secondary finding and 32 studies were included. The results highlight a substantial research gap in understanding self-healing practices' definition, implementation, and effectiveness in suicide bereavement. Further studies are necessary to clarify the definition, identify facilitators and barriers to implementation, and explore the applicability of these strategies in diverse contexts, particularly in non-Western and Low-and Middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelia Khrisna Putri
- Center for Mental Health and Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Center for Public Mental Health, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Gregory Armstrong
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Diana Setiyawati
- Center for Public Mental Health, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Karl Andriessen
- Center for Mental Health and Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Kaspersen SL, Kalseth J, Stene-Larsen K, Reneflot A. Use of Health Services and Support Resources by Immediate Family Members Bereaved by Suicide: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10016. [PMID: 36011651 PMCID: PMC9408753 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge on health service use, systematic follow-up, and support for families bereaved by suicide remains scarce. This scoping review includes studies from 2010 to March 2022 that investigate the follow-up and support offered by health services, peer support services, and other resources available (e.g., internet-based resources) for families bereaved by suicide. We followed the scoping review framework provided by the Johanna Briggs Institute and performed a double-blinded screening process using Covidence. Data were extracted by four researchers and a thematic analysis was performed to summarize the results. The PRISMA Extension for Scoping reviews was used for reporting results. Of 2385 studies screened by title, 190 by abstract, and 93 by full-text reading, we included 63 original articles of which 24, 29 and 10 were quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods studies, respectively. The review shows that we have some knowledge about the need for, and experiences with, health services and support resources for immediate family members bereaved by suicide, but a lack of knowledge about their help-seeking behaviour, patient pathways, systematic follow-up, coordination between services, and long-term outcomes. We need more longitudinal observational studies of health service use and patient trajectories for people bereaved by suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje L. Kaspersen
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, Pb. 4760 Torgarden, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jorid Kalseth
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, Pb. 4760 Torgarden, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kim Stene-Larsen
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Reneflot
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway
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Abbate L, Chopra J, Poole H, Saini P. Evaluating Postvention Services and the Acceptability of Models of Postvention: A Systematic Review. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2022:302228221112723. [PMID: 35790465 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a major public health issue that increases the risk of suicide for those bereaved by suicide themselves. There is a lack of evaluation of the effectiveness and acceptability of suicide postvention services supporting those bereaved by suicide. AIMS This review aimed to assess evaluations of postvention services supporting those bereaved by suicide and the acceptability of methods of postvention. METHODS Searches of peer-reviewed literature identified 36 studies for inclusion. 22 studies evaluated specific postvention services, 14 evaluated models of postvention. RESULTS Using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, mixed-methods and qualitative postvention evaluation and acceptability research produce high-quality studies. Studies rated as low quality reflect poor reporting, rather than ineffective services. CONCLUSION Further evaluation of community-based postvention services within the UK is needed. This would evidence that services in the UK are effective in supporting those bereaved by suicide. Evaluation would benefit services in accessing funding, improve service development and provide holistic support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helen Poole
- Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pooja Saini
- Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Baldaçara L, Grudtner RR, da S. Leite V, Porto DM, Robis KP, Fidalgo TM, Rocha GA, Diaz AP, Meleiro A, Correa H, Tung TC, Malloy-Diniz L, Quevedo J, da Silva AG. Brazilian Psychiatric Association guidelines for the management of suicidal behavior. Part 2. Screening, intervention, and prevention. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) 2021; 43:538-549. [PMID: 33331533 PMCID: PMC8555636 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This article continues our presentation of the Brazilian Psychiatric Association guidelines for the management of patients with suicidal behavior, with a focus on screening, intervention, postvention, prevention, and promotion. For the development of these guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, and SciELO databases for research published from 1997 to 2020. Systematic reviews, clinical trials, and cohort/observational studies on screening, intervention, and prevention in suicidal behavior were included. This project involved 14 Brazilian psychiatry professionals and 1 psychologist selected by the Psychiatric Emergencies Committee of the Brazilian Psychiatric Association for their experience and knowledge in psychiatry and psychiatric emergencies. Publications were evaluated according to the 2011 Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) Levels of Evidence Classification. Eighty-five articles were reviewed (of 5,362 initially collected and 755 abstracts on the drug approach). Forms of screening, intervention, and prevention are presented. The intervention section presents evidence for psychotherapeutic and drug interventions. For the latter, it is important to remember that each medication is effective only for specific groups and should not replace treatment protocols. We maintain our recommendation for the use of universal screening plus intervention. Although the various studies differ in terms of the populations evaluated and several proposals are presented, there is already significant evidence for certain interventions. Suicidal behavior can be analyzed by evidence-based medicine protocols. Currently, the best strategy is to combine several techniques through the Safety Plan. Nevertheless, further research on the topic is needed to elucidate some approaches with particular potential for intervention and prevention. Systematic review registry number: CRD42020206517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Baldaçara
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, TO, Brazil
- Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberta R. Grudtner
- Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro, Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Verônica da S. Leite
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, TO, Brazil
- Secretaria de Saúde do Município de Palmas, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Deisy M. Porto
- Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Associação Catarinense de Psiquiatria, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Kelly P. Robis
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. Fidalgo
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gislene A. Rocha
- Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre P. Diaz
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Humberto Correa
- Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Teng C. Tung
- Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Malloy-Diniz
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Associação Brasileira de Impulsividade e Patologia Dual, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antônio G. da Silva
- Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Asociación Psiquiátrica de América Latina (APAL)
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Andriessen K, Krysinska K, Kõlves K, Reavley N. Suicide Postvention Service Models and Guidelines 2014-2019: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2677. [PMID: 31849779 PMCID: PMC6896901 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Suicide bereavement can have a lasting and devastating psychosocial impact on the bereaved individuals and communities. Many countries, such as Australia, have included postvention, i.e., concerted suicide bereavement support, in their suicide prevention policies. While little is known of the effectiveness of postvention, this review aimed to investigate what is known of the effects of postvention service delivery models and the components that may contribute to the effectiveness. Method: Systematic review and quality assessment of peer reviewed literature (Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, EBM Reviews) and gray literature and guidelines published since 2014. Results: Eight studies and 12 guidelines were included, with little evidence of effectiveness. Still, providing support according to the level of grief, involvement of trained volunteers/peers, and focusing the interventions on the grief, seem promising components of effective postvention. Conclusions: Adopting a public health approach to postvention can allow to tailor the service delivery to needs of the bereaved individuals and to align postvention with suicide prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Andriessen
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Karolina Krysinska
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kairi Kõlves
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola Reavley
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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Peters K, Cunningham C, Murphy G, Jackson D. 'People look down on you when you tell them how he died': Qualitative insights into stigma as experienced by suicide survivors. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2016; 25:251-7. [PMID: 26889754 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to present findings that convey how people felt stigmatized after the loss of a loved one to suicide. A qualitative design was used for the purpose of this study. Data were collected using in-depth, face-to-face interviews. Audio-recordings of the interviews were transcribed and thematically analyzed. Ten people bereaved by suicide participated in the study. Four themes emerged from the data namely: Feeling blamed, shamed and judged; Feeling isolated/rejected by friends and community; Feeling silenced and Feeling the burden of others' discomfort. Findings show that stigmatization of the bereaved by suicide had detrimental effects on their relationships and their help seeking behaviours. Further, due to stigma imposed on them by others, participants were denied the opportunity to tell their stories which further complicated their grieving process. Further education and training is required for health professionals to enhance understanding of the specific needs of those bereaved by suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kath Peters
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Western Sydney University
| | - Colleen Cunningham
- Thomas Embling Hospital, Melbourne, Australia & School of Nursing & Midwifery, Western Sydney University
| | - Gillian Murphy
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney
| | - Debra Jackson
- School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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