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Shin S, Ahn S, Joung J, Kim S. Parents' lived experiences of losing adolescent children in the Korean Ferry Sewol disaster: Lessons through a qualitative meta-synthesis. DEATH STUDIES 2023; 48:584-599. [PMID: 37672392 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2023.2253764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
This study meta-synthesized qualitative studies on the parents' experiences of losing their adolescent children due to the human-made disaster, Ferry Sewol disaster in Korea, 2014. Five Korean and five international electronic databases were searched. Twenty-one studies were selected and critically appraised. Thematic analysis was employed. Four themes (with 10 subthemes) were derived: screaming in excruciating pain at the unbelievable deaths of children, family love evolving amidst pain and deepening into higher value, relationships collapsed and reformed while experiencing various social perspectives, and transitioning from a life of holding on to a life of progress. Bereaved parents experience psychological, physical, social pain for a long time, but gradually tried not to waste their children's death, forming new values and life goals. There is pressing need to devise sustained recovery strategies that account for distinct characteristics and needs of affected population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Shin
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suyoun Ahn
- Department of Nursing, Seoyeong University, Paju, South Korea
| | - Jaewon Joung
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sungjae Kim
- College of Nursing, The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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2
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Frei-Landau R, Abo-Mokh I, Sabar Ben-Yehoshua N. Religious meaning-making among Muslim parents bereaved by homicide: Struggling to accept 'God's will' and yearning for 'Qayama' day. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20246. [PMID: 37809798 PMCID: PMC10560023 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Parental bereavement by homicide is considered an extremely difficult grief experience; hence it may significantly undermine one's meaning structures. Although bereaved parents' meaning-making process has been extensively researched, less is known about meaning reconstruction among Muslim parents bereaved by homicide - an understudied population. The study's goal was to gain an in-depth understanding of bereaved Muslim parents' meaning-making process in light of their religious background using Park's religious meaning-making model. Methods Employing a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were held with 12 Muslim parents bereaved by homicide. The data were analyzed using both categorical-content and categorical-form analyses. Results The findings indicated that Muslim parents' meaning-making process involves silencing, which is grounded in their religious background. This process is characterized by a difficulty to accept this loss as God's will, as expected from them by religion, given that it was caused by an intentional act of human violence. Consequently, their global belief meanings are undermined. They, then, yearn for "Qayama" day-the day of judgment. Conclusions The findings are discussed in light of Park's religious meaning-making model, highlighting that bereaved Muslim parents' coping process includes an additional challenge related to their religious background. This underscores the need for culturally-sensitive inquiry and spiritually-informed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivi Frei-Landau
- Loss, Crisis & Resilience in a Multicultural Lens Lab, Faculty of Psychology, Achva Academic College, Israel
- The Open University, Israel
| | - Islam Abo-Mokh
- Loss, Crisis & Resilience in a Multicultural Lens Lab, Faculty of Psychology, Achva Academic College, Israel
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3
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Kondo M, Sakaguchi Y, Kihira T, Tamura K. Posttraumatic Growth as a Process Beginning Before Bereavement: New Perspectives on Theory Development. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228231189855. [PMID: 37442372 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231189855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Calhoun and Tedeschi's growth model focuses on cognitive processing after bereavement but it does not show the change in life narrative from beforehand. Our qualitative study aimed to clarify bereaved family growth and revealed new perspectives on posttraumatic growth (PTG), including that the PTG process involves a pre-bereavement experience and is not limited to positive psychological changes.Based on the two new perspectives, a discussion of PTG theory reveals that bereaved families' PTG can only be accurately captured if the pre-loss experience is included; thus, Calhoun and Tedeschi's growth model, which only captures the post-loss process, is insufficient. Additionally, positive psychological changes are not the only type of growth. When considering growth, one must focus on the process, including the experience of the person realizing that it is "okay to be who they are."
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Kondo
- Department of Palliative Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sakaguchi
- School of Human Welfare Studies, Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kihira
- College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Akashi, Japan
| | - Keiko Tamura
- Department of Palliative Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Kustanti CY, Jen HJ, Chu H, Liu D, Chen R, Lin HC, Chang CY, Pien LC, Chiang KJ, Chou KR. Prevalence of grief symptoms and disorders in the time of COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2023; 32:904-916. [PMID: 36880520 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are mourning the loss of loved ones due to the COVID-19 epidemic, which may adversely impact their mental health. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate pandemic grief symptoms and disorders for developing policy, practice, and research priorities. The databases of Cochrane, Embase, Ovid-MEDLINE, WHO COVID-19, NCBI SARS-CoV-2, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Science Direct were comprehensively searched until July 31, 2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute's and Hoy's criteria were used to evaluate the studies. A pooled prevalence was presented in a forest plot figure with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) and prediction interval. Between-study heterogeneity was measured using the I2 and Q statistics. Variations in the prevalence estimates in different subgroups were examined by moderator meta-analysis. The search identified 3677 citations, of which 15 studies involving 9289 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence rate of grief symptoms was 45.1% (95%CI: 32.6%-57.5%), and grief disorder was 46.4% (95%CI: 37.4%-55.5%). Grief symptoms were significantly higher in <6 months (45.8%; 95%CI: 26.3%-65.3%) compared to the period of more than 6 months. Unfortunately, moderator analyses for grief disorders could not be performed due to limited studies. The prevalence of grief problems during the pandemic was substantially higher than in non-pandemic conditions; therefore, it is crucial to strengthen bereavement support to reduce psychological distress. The results provide a foundation for nurses and healthcare workers to anticipate a heightened need for support and provision of bereavement care in the post-pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Yeni Kustanti
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Bethesda Yakkum, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hsiu-Ju Jen
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Chu
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Doresses Liu
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Nursing and Healthcare Research in Clinical Practice Application, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey Chen
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Lin
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Nursing and Healthcare Research in Clinical Practice Application, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chung Pien
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jo Chiang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Ru Chou
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Nursing and Healthcare Research in Clinical Practice Application, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Yiğit İ, Özkan F. Anxiety and work overload perception levels of primary healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Work 2023; 76:921-930. [PMID: 37248941 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has greatly affected healthcare workers at the physical and psychosocial level. In this process, primary healthcare workers have taken the most active role by taking part in the filiation groups. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the anxiety and workload perception level of primary healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. An online survey was conducted among 197 healthcare workers. Personal Information Form, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and Work Overload Scale were used as data collection tools in the research. Independent Two-Sample T-Test, One-Way Analysis of Variance, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test were used to evaluate the data. Moreover, the relationships between the scales were evaluated with Pearson correlation analysis and simple regression analysis. RESULTS The median total score of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale of healthcare workers was 3.0, and the mean score of the Work Overload Scale was 37.89±7.47. It was found that there was a correlation between the Coronavirus Anxiety and the Work Overload Scales and 21.0% of the variance changes in the Work Overload Scale were affected by coronavirus anxiety. CONCLUSION It was determined that the level of coronavirus anxiety affects the perception of workload. Therefore, it is recommended that work plans should be made considering this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrem Yiğit
- Kayseri Mustafa Kızıklı Family Health Center, Kayseri, Turkey; , ORCID: 0000-0002-0151-3532
| | - Filiz Özkan
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; , ORCID: 0000-0002-7286-3548
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Barrera UDL, Schoeps K, Mónaco E, Antonio Gil-Gómez J, Montoya-Castilla I. Analyzing protective factors for adolescents' mental health during COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY = REVUE EUROPEENNE DE PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE 2022; 73:100847. [PMID: 36345274 PMCID: PMC9630132 DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2022.100847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the protective role of self-esteem and perceived emotional intelligence on mental health problems in Spanish adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Participants (N = 139; Mage = 13.83 years, SD = 0.96; 63.8% female) completed measures before the outbreak of COVID-19 (T1) and during the first wave of the pandemic in Spain (T2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants self-reported emotional intelligence, self-esteem, mental health problems and suicidal behavior. RESULTS Adolescent mental health problems were equally affected by COVID-19 pandemic according to gender, age and lockdown conditions. Adolescents with low levels of emotional intelligence and self-esteem at T1 showed a significant decrease in self-reported anxiety, depression, stress and suicidal behavior at T2. However, adolescents with average or high levels of emotional intelligence and self-esteem at T1 showed no significant changes in mental health problems at T2. Self-esteem at T1 meditated the relationships between emotional intelligence at T1 (clarity and repair) and emotional symptoms at T2 (depression, anxiety and stress). Furthermore, the relationship between self-esteem and anxiety symptoms was moderated by the number of people living together during COVID-19 lockdown. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the protective role of pre-pandemic development of self-esteem and emotional intelligence in mitigating the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on adolescent mental health during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usue De la Barrera
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Konstanze Schoeps
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estefanía Mónaco
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Gil-Gómez
- Instituto Universitario de Automática e Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Lu X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Huo S, Bu T, Tang D. Online Emotional Support Accompany Group Intervention and Emotional Change of the Public During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-Period Data Analysis From China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:840686. [PMID: 35572266 PMCID: PMC9096885 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.840686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has made it difficult to adopt traditional face-to-face psychological intervention under this situation because of the blocked down and social distancing, which brings big psychological crisis to the public among the global. To explore the emotional change of the public in China at the outburst of the pandemic at different phases, to establish an online working platform and create a new model of an online intervention to hold public emotions under pandemic, and test its effectiveness, so to give advisement for government emergency management system. We established an online organization to work for this program ad innovated a model of online group counseling with online emotional support accompany group (OESAG) right after the outburst of a pandemic. We analyzed 53 OESAGs from February 10 to April 9, including 555 application forms, 253 feedback from members, and 139 feedback from group leaders by using NVivo and SPSS to explore the evolution and characteristics of public emotion during COVID-19 and the effectiveness of OESAG. Our results showed that the emotional changes of members ranged from shock to depression to positive. The public's emotions swiftly changed from stress, anxiety, and isolation, to the hope of returning to work or finding a job during the pandemic with the help of OESAG. OESAG has effectively regulated the negative emotions of members by conducting psychological crisis intervention to provide members a space to communicate with each other, especially the female and frontline staff. Policy makers can set up an online systematic psychological crisis intervention system as soon as possible to make up for the lack of psychological assistance in the emergency management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Lu
- Counseling Center, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Counseling Center, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Shixin Huo
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Bu
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Daisheng Tang
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
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8
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Lee MS, Huh HJ, Oh J, Chae JH. Comparative Analysis of the Psychosocial Symptoms and Experiences of Bereaved Parents and Parents of Children Who Survived the Sewol Ferry Accident After 5 Years: A Qualitative Interview Study. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e155. [PMID: 35578587 PMCID: PMC9110262 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the psychosocial symptoms and experiences of bereaved parents of victims and parents of survivors of the Sewol Ferry accident five years after the accident. METHODS In-depth interviews of 186 bereaved parents of victims or survivors of the Sewol Ferry accident were conducted. We elicited and categorized meaning units relevant to the psychological, cognitive, and physical traits of the participants from these interviews. Differences in responses between bereaved parents and survivors' parents and between genders were examined using frequency analyses and χ² tests. RESULTS Data were organized under seven headings: observed attitude and impression of participants, difficulties due to mental health problems, difficulties due to physical pain, difficulties in relationships, negative changes following the incident, positive changes following the incident, and help needed. Within these headings, 27 themes, 60 sub-themes, and 80 meaning units were elicited. CONCLUSION This study explored the psychiatric, physical, and relational problems reported by bereaved parents and those of survivors as well as major changes in their personal and social lives after the Sewol Ferry accident. Differences in responses according to gender were also identified. The results from this study could inform and facilitate the implementation of intervention measures, such as long-term psychological evaluation, to bereaved parents of victims or survivors of disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Center for School Mental Health, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyu Jung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jihoon Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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9
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Heo SJ, Kim YA, Lee DH, Shin JY. How Bereaved Parents Experience Public, Self Stigma Years After a Child's Death. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2022:302228221100902. [PMID: 35532351 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
This study identifies the stigma experienced by 12 bereaved parents 2 and 5 years after losing a child in the Sewol ferry disaster in South Korea. Using thematic analysis, we categorized the experience of stigma into two components based on Corrigan and Kosyluk's social cognitive model of stigma: public stigma and self-stigma, and each was analyzed into three types of stigma: stereotype, prejudice, and discrimination. We identified four additional factors related to stigma mitigation. The potential implications for characterizing the experiences of bereaved parents, particularly those facing stigma, are discussed in light of these findings in the longitudinal perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Jung Heo
- Department of Education, Traumatic Stress Center, 35017Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Ae Kim
- Department of Education, Traumatic Stress Center, 35017Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Education, Traumatic Stress Center, 35017Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Shin
- Department of Education, Traumatic Stress Center, 35017Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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10
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Heidari P, Broadbear JH, Cheney L, Dharwadkar NP, Rao S. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the well-being of clients of a specialist personality disorder service. Australas Psychiatry 2022; 30:235-238. [PMID: 34854337 PMCID: PMC8990572 DOI: 10.1177/10398562211057078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the well-being of people with severe borderline personality disorder (BPD) during the first wave of COVID-19 social restrictions. METHOD Clients of an outpatient specialist personality disorder clinic (n = 77) were invited to the study. An online survey was conducted including a range of open-ended questions exploring well-being and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) which assesses 'coronaphobia'. Qualitative data were analysed using inductive content analysis with NVivo software. CAS data were analysed descriptively using SPSS version 25. RESULTS Thirty-six surveys were completed (48% response rate). Many participants experienced significant challenges to their overall well-being during lockdown although some reported improvements in psychosocial functioning. Three participants (8.3%) experienced clinically significant 'coronaphobia'. CONCLUSION The self-reported physical and mental health of participants with BPD demonstrated resilience, suggesting that the capacity to maintain treatment via telehealth helped to mitigate many of the adverse aspects of social restrictions. This study was conducted during the first wave of social restrictions; subsequent studies will reveal longer-term effects of extended community lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Heidari
- Spectrum Service for Personality Disorder, Richmond, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, 2541Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jillian H Broadbear
- Spectrum Service for Personality Disorder, Richmond, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, 2541Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lukas Cheney
- Spectrum Service for Personality Disorder, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Nitin P Dharwadkar
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, 2541Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sathya Rao
- Spectrum Service for Personality Disorder, Richmond, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, 2541Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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11
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Cavazzoni F, Pancake R, Veronese G. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Quality of Life. An Exploratory Study During the First Outbreak in Italy. Psychol Rep 2022:332941211066259. [PMID: 35271789 PMCID: PMC8914301 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211066259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has been sweeping the world for more than a year. As physical health begins to stabilize in the western world, an increasing concern is related to the impact of the virus and its containment measures on people's mental health. This work aimed to explore the effect of demographic factors (age, gender, level of education, and socioeconomic status) and variables such as fear of COVID-19 and social support in predicting the quality of life and mental health of adults during the first wave of the pandemic in Italy. Through an online survey with 1087 Italian adults (M = 39.7, SD = 16.39; 74.4% women), gender and socioeconomic status emerged as crucial factors in determining differences regarding people's responses and reactions to the pandemic. In addition, the results highlighted the importance of perceived social support and a moderate fear of COVID-19 in predicting people's quality of life and mental health. The study suggests important guidelines for the development of interventions to support the population's well-being and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cavazzoni
- Federica Cavazzoni, Department of Human Sciences “R. Massa,” University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milano 20126, Italy.
| | | | - Guido Veronese
- 9305University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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12
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Disaster Resilience Differs between Survivors and Victims’ Families: A Semantic Network Analysis. SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci11030117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to clarify the difference in disaster resilience between survivors and victims’ families by analyzing the language used in popular literature on disaster cases. The results showed that there were differences in emotions, behaviors, attitudes, role perceptions, etc., between survivors and victims’ families in dealing with a disaster. In particular, survivors remember and think about the situation that occurred at the time of the disaster, which creates resilience to the incident, while victims’ families attempt to establish resilience to the incident by investigating the facts and government countermeasures. While survivors were focused on building their own resilience, victims’ families were more focused on improving government countermeasures to prevent such accidents from recurring. This can be considered as social or national resilience. Based on this comparative analysis, it is necessary to prepare various theoretical foundations for disaster preparedness and resilience, while further elaborating the theory.
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13
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Bovero A, Pidinchedda A, Clovis F, Berchialla P, Carletto S. Psychosocial factors associated with complicated grief in caregivers during COVID-19: Results from a preliminary cross-sectional study. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 46:1433-1442. [PMID: 34957925 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.2019144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed how end-of-life ceremonies are performed, affecting grief processing and bereavement experiences. In this study, caregivers of patients who died with COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic were asked to complete an online survey designed to detect psychosocial factors associated with the presence of complicated grief (CG). The results show CG present in 48.4% of caregivers. The marital and cohabitant status during lockdown, the perceived sense of guilt and depression levels were significantly associated with the presence of CG, whereas attendance at the funeral and social support were found to be significant protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bovero
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital sA.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Torino, Italy
| | - Alexa Pidinchedda
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital sA.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Clovis
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital sA.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Carletto
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital sA.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Torino, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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14
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Tomás JM, Vilca LW, García CH, Rojas-Jara C, White M, Peña-Calero BN. Predictors of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults: the role of socio-demographic variables and COVID-19 anxiety. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:453-465. [PMID: 34157907 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1944655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate factors related to the mental health of Peruvian older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study had a cross-sectional and observational design. A total of 274 older adults in Lima, Peru (Mage = 67.86) filled out a sociodemographic survey, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, Mental Health Inventory-5, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 item, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was estimated to test an a priori model that relates the sociodemographic variables, COVID-19 Anxiety, psychological well-being, anxiety and depression. The model fit indices indicated a good fit to the data. The socio-demographic variables explained 23.8% of the variance of the COVID-19 Anxiety (R2 = .238). Socio-demographic variables explained 50.5% of psychological well-being variance, 52% of anxiety and 46.9% of depression. Also, sex, work; being diagnosed with COVID-19; family member with COVID-19 diagnosis; and time of exposure to COVID-19 information had statistically significant effects psychological well-being, anxiety and depression. In conclusion, some sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 anxiety affect the psychological well-being, anxiety and depression. The findings may allow for a better understanding of the mental health of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and guide government responses to detect, anticipate and minimize its impact on the mental health of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José M Tomás
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - Lindsey W Vilca
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Cirilo H García
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, México
| | - Claudio Rojas-Jara
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Michael White
- Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Brian Norman Peña-Calero
- Grupo de Estudios Avances en Medición Psicológica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
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15
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Mahmood QK, Jafree SR, Sohail MM, Akram MB. A Cross-Sectional Survey of Pakistani Muslims Coping with Health Anxiety through Religiosity during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:1462-1474. [PMID: 33709338 PMCID: PMC7950429 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the role of religiosity in coping with health anxiety during the outbreak of COVID-19 assumes significance given the continued onslaught of the pandemic and the importance of religion in many societies of the world. The aim of this study is to test the relationship between religious coping and health anxiety in Pakistani Muslims. The online survey method was used to collect data from 408 respondents. Structural equational modeling was performed, with results indicating that people who are suffering with health anxiety opt for religious coping (β = .54, R2 = .29, p < .001). We conclude that it is important to consider the role of religion and spirituality during pandemic-induced anxiety. There are implications for counselors, physicians and researchers to integrate religious coping methods when planning mental health interventions during pandemics and otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaisar Khalid Mahmood
- International Islamic University Islamabad, Room A213, Faculty Block A, Sector H10, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Babar Akram
- International Islamic University Islamabad, Room A213, Faculty Block A, Sector H10, Islamabad, Pakistan
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16
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Neimeyer RA, Lee SA. Circumstances of the death and associated risk factors for severity and impairment of COVID-19 grief. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 46:34-42. [PMID: 34019471 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.1896459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between reactions of the bereaved to conditions of the pandemic and severity of their grief and levels of impairment. A total of 831 American adults who lost a loved one to COVID-19 responded to validated measures of dysfunctional grief and functional impairment, as well as items assessing unique complications associated with the pandemic (e.g. resentment toward doctors, social isolation). In combination, circumstantial risk factors accounted for 59% of the variance in social impairment and fully 71% of the variance in pandemic grief, leading to the development of an inventory of Pandemic Grief Risk Factors (PGRF), which displayed a unified factor structure, high reliability and strong convergent validity. Implications for psychological screening and intervention for those bereaved by COVID-19 are briefly noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Neimeyer
- University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Portland Institute for Loss and Transition, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sherman A Lee
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia, USA
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17
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Being Both a Parent and a Healthcare Worker in the Pandemic: Who Could Be Exhausted More? Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9050564. [PMID: 34064965 PMCID: PMC8151967 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the living conditions of many people. Many people felt significantly constrained. However, for individuals who are both parents and healthcare professionals, the situation seems more troubling in other ways. (2) Objectives: Based on this, we planned a study evaluating demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related anxiety levels, and parenting-related stress levels of the health care professionals who were working in the University Hospital. We also evaluated the parameters that affect COVID-19-related anxiety and parenting stress. (3) Methods: The level of COVID-19-related anxiety is assessed by the coronavirus anxiety scale. The parenting stress index-short form is used for evaluation of parenting stress. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 22. (4) Results: Female gender, working as a nurse, a history of COVID-19, and having a child attending daycare were parameters that increased the level of COVID-19-related anxiety. Occupation, being a parent of a schoolchild and/or primary school child, being a parent of a child receiving face-to-face education, and having more than two children were found to be risk factors for parenting stress. Clinically significant parenting stress was found to increase threefold in healthcare workers with more than two children (R2 = 0.101, p = 0.039). (5) Conclusions: Healthcare professionals, who are also parents, play a huge role both at home and in the hospital in the pandemic. Therefore, it is inevitable that their stress and anxiety levels increase. It is important to determine the factors that cause stress and anxiety and to take measures in this direction to get through this process well.
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18
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Djelantik AAAMJ, Bui E, O'Connor M, Rosner R, Robinaugh DJ, Simon NM, Boelen PA. Traumatic grief research and care in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1957272. [PMID: 34567440 PMCID: PMC8462871 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1957272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant increase in the number of individuals suffering from prolonged grief disorder is expected in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic for two main reasons. First, the number of excess deaths has contributed to an immense number of bereaved individuals. Second, recent literature has shown that circumstances associated with COVID-19 deaths may be contributing to increased risk for the development of prolonged grief disorder. OBJECTIVE To best support those affected by loss during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to inform clinicians and researchers about the development, the nature and the treatment of prolonged grief disorder and employ sound research. METHOD In this editorial, we discuss important themes regarding prolonged grief disorder in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, to gather and present useful information for clinicians and researchers. RESULTS The following themes were addressed: 1. Harmonization in the diagnosis of prolonged grief disorder. 2. Screening tools and interventions. 3. Pharmacotherapy. 4. Special attention for the elderly. 5. Special attention for children and adolescents. 6. A causal system perspective for understanding grief and prolonged grief disorder. CONCLUSIONS If those involved in bereavement research and care manage to collaborate, the tragic consequences of COVID-19 might catalyse improvement of care for those most impaired following the loss of a loved one.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A A Manik J Djelantik
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department Youth - KOOS, Altrecht GGZ, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Bui
- Department Psychiatry, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
| | - Maja O'Connor
- Department of Psychology, Unit for Bereavement Research, Aarhus University/The Danish National Center for Grief, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rita Rosner
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Donald J Robinaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naomi M Simon
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul A Boelen
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands.,ARQ Centrum'45, Diemen, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherland
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19
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Werner EA, Aloisio CE, Butler AD, D'Antonio KM, Kenny JM, Mitchell A, Ona S, Monk C. Addressing mental health in patients and providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Semin Perinatol 2020; 44:151279. [PMID: 32972778 PMCID: PMC7373005 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic, and the associated changes to pregnancy and postpartum experiences, can lead to profound psychological reactions including panic, hyperarousal, sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, and traumatic stress disorders. Providers face compassion fatigue and shared trauma. In this article, we describe the mental health outcomes known to date in regard to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic for obstetric patients and their providers as well as therapeutic approaches, including our novel embedded mental health service, to address these mental health needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Werner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York,Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Cara E. Aloisio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ashlie D. Butler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Kristina M. D'Antonio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer M. Kenny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Anika Mitchell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Samsiya Ona
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032.
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20
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Fitzpatrick KM, Drawve G, Harris C. Facing new fears during the COVID-19 pandemic: The State of America's mental health. J Anxiety Disord 2020; 75:102291. [PMID: 32827869 PMCID: PMC7425672 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 is rearranging our society with fear and worry about the novel coronavirus impacting the mental health of Americans. The current study examines the intersection of COVID-19 fear, worries and perceived threat with social vulnerabilities and mental health consequences, namely anxiety and depressive symptomatology. METHODS Using an online platform, a national sample (n = 10, 368) of U.S. adults was surveyed during the week of March 23, 2020. The sample was post-strata weighted to ensure adequate representation of the U.S. population based on population estimates for gender, race/ethnicity, income, age, and geography. RESULTS Fear and worry are not distributed equally across the country; rather they are concentrated in places where the largest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases is found. Additionally, data highlight significant differences in the subjective perception of distress across groups with varying social vulnerabilities. Women, Hispanics, Asians, families with children under 18, and foreign-born respondents reported higher levels of subjective fear and worry compared to their counterparts. Finally, even after controlling for social vulnerability, subjective assessments of distress were positive, and significantly related to anxiety and depressive symptomatology; prior mental health research from China and Europe confirm what others have begun to document in the United States. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary work provides practitioners with a glimpse of what lies ahead, which individuals and communities may be the most vulnerable, and what types of strategic interventions might help to address a wide range of mental health consequences for Americans in the months and years ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Fitzpatrick
- University of Arkansas-Fayetteville, Department of Sociology and Criminology, United States.
| | - Grant Drawve
- University of Arkansas-Fayetteville, Department of Sociology and Criminology, United States
| | - Casey Harris
- University of Arkansas-Fayetteville, Department of Sociology and Criminology, United States
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21
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Asmundson GJG, Paluszek MM, Landry CA, Rachor GS, McKay D, Taylor S. Do pre-existing anxiety-related and mood disorders differentially impact COVID-19 stress responses and coping? J Anxiety Disord 2020; 74:102271. [PMID: 32673930 PMCID: PMC7342169 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with pre-existing mental health conditions may be more susceptible to stressors associated with COVID-19 relative to the general population; however, no studies have assessed whether susceptibility differs between classes of mental health disorders. We assessed COVID-19-related stress, self-isolation stressors, and coping in those with a primary anxiety-related disorder diagnosis, a primary mood disorder diagnosis, and no mental health disorder. METHODS Adults from a population-representative sample from the United States and Canada who reported current (past year) anxiety-related (n = 700) or mood (n = 368) disorders were compared to a random sample of respondents who did not report a current mental health diagnosis (n = 500) on COVID-19-related stress, self-isolation stress, and coping. RESULTS The anxiety-related disorders group exhibited higher COVID Stress Scales total scores and higher scores on its fears about danger and contamination, socioeconomic consequences, xenophobia, and traumatic stress symptoms scales than the other groups. The mood disorders group had higher scores on the traumatic stress symptoms and socioeconomic consequences scales than those with no current mental disorder. Those with current anxiety-related or mood disorders were more likely to voluntarily self-isolate and were more likely to report greater self-isolation stressors and distress than those without a mental health disorder. Yet, there were no major differences in perceived effectiveness of coping strategies across groups. CONCLUSION People with anxiety-related or mood disorders were more negatively affected by COVID-19 compared to those with no mental health disorder; however, adding to psychological burden, those with anxiety-related disorders reported greater fears about danger and contamination, socioeconomic consequences, xenophobia, and traumatic stress symptoms than the other groups. These findings suggest the need for tailoring COVID-19-related mental health interventions to meet the specific needs of people with pre-existing mental health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dean McKay
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, USA
| | - Steven Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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22
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Taylor S, Landry CA, Paluszek MM, Fergus TA, McKay D, Asmundson GJG. COVID stress syndrome: Concept, structure, and correlates. Depress Anxiety 2020; 37:706-714. [PMID: 32627255 PMCID: PMC7362150 DOI: 10.1002/da.23071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research shows that the COVID Stress Scales have a robust multifactorial structure, representing five correlated facets of COVID-19-related distress: (a) Fear of the dangerousness of COVID-19, which includes fear of coming into contact with fomites potentially contaminated with SARSCoV2, (b) worry about socioeconomic costs of COVID-19 (e.g., worry about personal finances and disruption in the supply chain), (c) xenophobic fears that foreigners are spreading SARSCoV2, (d) traumatic stress symptoms associated with direct or vicarious traumatic exposure to COVID-19 (nightmares, intrusive thoughts, or images related to COVID-19), and (e) COVID-19-related compulsive checking and reassurance seeking. These factors cohere to form a COVID stress syndrome, which we sought to further delineate in the present study. METHODS A population-representative sample of 6,854 American and Canadian adults completed a self-report survey comprising questions about current mental health and COVID-19-related experiences, distress, and coping. RESULTS Network analysis revealed that worry about the dangerousness of COVID-19 is the central feature of the syndrome. Latent class analysis indicated that the syndrome is quasi-dimensional, comprising five classes differing in syndrome severity. Sixteen percent of participants were in the most severe class and possibly needing mental health services. Syndrome severity was correlated with preexisting psychopathology and with excessive COVID-19-related avoidance, panic buying, and coping difficulties during self-isolation. CONCLUSION The findings provide new information about the structure and correlates of COVID stress syndrome. Further research is needed to determine whether the syndrome will abate once the pandemic has passed or whether, for some individuals, it becomes a chronic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Taylor
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | | | - Thomas A. Fergus
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceBaylor UniversityWacoTexas
| | - Dean McKay
- Department of PsychologyFordham UniversityNew YorkNew York
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23
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Barboza-Palomino M, Ventura-León J, Carbajal-León C, Noé-Grijalva M, Gallegos M, Reyes-Bossio M, Vivanco-Vidal A. Traducción al español y validación de una medida breve de ansiedad por la COVID-19 en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. ANSIEDAD Y ESTRES-ANXIETY AND STRESS 2020. [PMCID: PMC7522742 DOI: 10.1016/j.anyes.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introducción y objetivos Material y método Resultados Conclusión
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