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Syamlal G, Kurth LM, Blackley DJ, Dodd KE, Mazurek JM. Sex Differences in COVID-19 Deaths, by Industry and Occupation, 2021. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:226-234. [PMID: 37783282 PMCID: PMC10898242 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted workers in certain industries and occupations. The infection risk for SARS-CoV-2 and future respiratory viruses in the workplace is a significant concern for workers, employers, and policymakers. This study describes the differences in COVID-19 mortality by sex and industry/occupation among working-age U.S. residents in 49 states and New York City. METHODS The 2021 National Vital Statistics System public use multiple-cause-of-death data for U.S. decedents aged 15-64 years (working age) with information on usual industry and occupation were analyzed in 2022. Age-standardized COVID-19 death rates for selected demographic characteristics and adjusted proportional mortality ratios were estimated by sex and usual industry and occupation. RESULTS In 2021, 133,596 (14.3%) U.S. decedents aged 15-64 years had COVID-19 listed as the underlying cause of death; the highest COVID-19 death rate was among persons aged 55-64 years (172.4 of 100,000 population) and males (65.5 of 100,000 population). Among males and females, American Indian or Alaskan Native and Black or African American, respectively, had the highest death rates. Hispanic males had higher age-adjusted death rates than Hispanic females. Working-age male decedents in the public administration (proportional mortality ratio=1.39) and management of companies and enterprises industries (proportional mortality ratio=1.39) and community and social services occupations (proportional mortality ratio=1.68) and female decedents in the utilities industry (proportional mortality ratio=1.20) and protective services occupation (proportional mortality ratio=1.18) had the highest proportional mortality ratios. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 death rates and proportional mortality ratios varied by sex, industry, and occupation groups. These findings underscore the importance of workplace public health interventions, which could protect workers and their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girija Syamlal
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia.
| | - Laura M Kurth
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - David J Blackley
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Katelynn E Dodd
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Jacek M Mazurek
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Filipas DK, Labban M, Beatrici E, Stone BV, Qian Z, D Andrea V, Ludwig TA, Reis LO, Cole AP, Trinh QD. Exploring preventive care practices among unvaccinated individuals in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine 2024; 42:441-447. [PMID: 38184391 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Building on a Canadian study associating unvaccinated individuals to increased car accidents, we examined the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination status and US preventive care practices. METHODS We queried the 2021 National Health Interview Survey. First, we fitted a model to identify respondent-level factors associated with receipt of at least one COVID-19 vaccination. Second, we fitted a survey-weighted logistic regression model adjusted for respondent-level characteristics to examine whether the receipt of at least one COVID-19 vaccination predicted the receipt of preventive care services. Preventive care services assessed included serum cholesterol, glucose, and blood pressure measurements, as well as guideline-concordant cancer screening including breast, cervical, colorectal, and prostate cancer screening. RESULTS Factors predicting receipt of COVID-19 vaccination were age (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 1.03; 95 % confidence interval (CI) [1.03-1.03]), Hispanic (aOR 1.25; 95 % CI [1.08-1.44]), and non-Hispanic Asian (aOR 3.52; 95 % CI [2.74-4.52]) ethnicity/race, and history of cancer (aOR 1.61; 95 % CI [1.13-2.30]). Unvaccinated respondents were less likely to have received serum cholesterol (aOR 0.69; 95 % CI [0.50-0.70), serum glucose (aOR 0.65; 95 % CI [0.56-0.75]), or blood pressure measurements (aOR 0.47; 95 % CI [0.33-0.66]); and were less likely to have received breast cancer (aOR 0.35; 95 % CI [0.25-0.48]), colorectal cancer (aOR 0.52; 95 % CI [0.46-0.60]) and prostate cancer screening (aOR 0.61; 95 % CI [0.48-0.76]). There was no significant association between unvaccinated respondents receiving cervical cancer screening (aOR 0.96; 95 % CI [0.81-1.13]; p = 0.616). CONCLUSION Non-receipt of COVID-19 vaccination was associated with non-receipt of preventive care services including cancer screening. Further studies are needed to assess if this association is due to system-level factors or reflects a general distrust of medical preventive care amongst this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan K Filipas
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Urology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Muhieddien Labban
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edoardo Beatrici
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin V Stone
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhiyu Qian
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincent D Andrea
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tim A Ludwig
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Urology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonardo O Reis
- UroScience, State University of Campinas, Unicamp and Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, PUC-Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Alexander P Cole
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quoc-Dien Trinh
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Domnich A, Orsi A, Ogliastro M, Trombetta CS, Scarpaleggia M, Ceccaroli C, Amadio C, Raffo A, Berisso L, Yakubovich A, Zappa G, Amicizia D, Panatto D, Icardi G. Exploring missed opportunities for influenza vaccination and influenza vaccine co-administration patterns among Italian older adults: a retrospective cohort study. Eur J Public Health 2023; 33:1183-1187. [PMID: 37632235 PMCID: PMC10710345 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Missed opportunities constitute a main driver of suboptimal seasonal influenza vaccination (SIV) coverage in older adults. Vaccine co-administration is a way to reduce these missed opportunities. In this study, we quantified missed opportunities for SIV, identified some of their socio-structural correlates and documented SIV co-administration patterns. METHODS In this registry-based retrospective cohort study, we verified the SIV status of all subjects aged ≥65 years who received at least one dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), pneumococcal or herpes zoster vaccines during the 2022/23 influenza season. The frequency of concomitant same-day administration of SIV with other target vaccines was also assessed. RESULTS Among 41 112, 5482 and 3432 older adults who received ≥1 dose of COVID-19, pneumococcal and herpes zoster vaccines, missed opportunities for SIV accounted for 23.3%, 5.0% and 13.2%, respectively. Younger, male and foreign-born individuals were generally more prone to missing SIV. The co-administration of SIV with other recommended vaccines was relatively low, being 11.0%, 53.1% and 17.1% in COVID-19, pneumococcal and herpes zoster cohorts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A sizeable proportion of older adults who received other recommended vaccines during the last influenza season did not receive SIV. This share of missed opportunities, which are subject to some social inequalities, may be addressed by increasing vaccine co-administration rates and implementing tailored health promotion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Domnich
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital—IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Orsi
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital—IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Interuniversity Research Center on Influenza and Other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy
| | - Matilde Ogliastro
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Raffo
- Local Health Unit 3 (ASL3), Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Daniela Amicizia
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Interuniversity Research Center on Influenza and Other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy
- Regional Health Agency of Liguria (ALiSa), Genoa, Italy
| | - Donatella Panatto
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Interuniversity Research Center on Influenza and Other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Icardi
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital—IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Interuniversity Research Center on Influenza and Other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy
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