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Vila-Barrios L, Carballeira E, Varela-Sanz A, Iglesias-Soler E, Dopico-Calvo X. The Impact of Regular Physical Exercise on Psychopathology, Cognition, and Quality of Life in Patients Diagnosed with Schizophrenia: A Scoping Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:959. [PMID: 38131815 PMCID: PMC10740550 DOI: 10.3390/bs13120959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of less healthy lifestyle habits among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia which can contribute to the escalation of physical disorders and exacerbation of psychological symptoms is well documented. The present scoping review aims to synthesize and evaluate the available evidence regarding the impact of regular physical exercise on psychopathology, cognition, and quality of life (QoL) in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. A literature search was performed across Web of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus for randomized control trials published up to April 2022. Two independent reviewers applied the selection criteria and a third reviewer resolved discrepancies. A total of twelve studies were included, of which nine used endurance training and three used concurrent training (one of these additionally used resistance training). The results reveal benefits of various modalities of supervised regular exercise in the psychopathology of schizophrenia. Furthermore, regular endurance training seems to improve cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia and promote their QoL; however, results are inconclusive with respect to this last variable. The assessment of methodological quality in the reviewed articles indicates a high overall risk of bias, particularly in relation to deviations from intended interventions and the selection of reported results. Furthermore, an assessment of exercise reporting revealed that only 5 out of 19 items were fulfilled in more than 50% of the articles. Future research is needed to evaluate the effects of different training modalities and the optimal dose-response relationship in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Carballeira
- Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of A Coruna, 15179 A Coruña, Spain; (L.V.-B.); (A.V.-S.); (E.I.-S.); (X.D.-C.)
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Barbato M, Arora T, Al Hemeiri S, AlJassmi MA. Looking within: Interoceptive sensibility in young adults with psychotic-like experiences. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:1705-1712. [PMID: 33442933 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Interoception is the ability to sense internal bodily changes and research indicates that it may play a role in the development of mental illness. In recent years, preliminary evidence has shown that interoception is impaired in people with psychosis. Interoceptive sensibility, a meta-cognitive aspect of interoception, has never been studied across the psychosis continuum. The present study aimed at assessing interoceptive sensibility in youth with psychotic-like experiences. METHOD We invited a sample of young adults (N = 609; age 19-21 years) to complete an online survey that included a measure of interoceptive sensibility (the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness-2) and the Community Assessment of Psychotic Experiences-Positive Scale -15 (CAPE-P15). Using the recommended cutoff for the CAPE-P15, the overall sample was divided into two groups (high/low risk for psychosis). RESULTS Significant group differences were observed in several dimensions of interoceptive sensibility. A logistic regression analysis indicated that scores in the subscales of Not-Distracting, Not-Worrying, Attention-Regulation, Emotional Awareness, Body Listening, and Trusting significantly predicted increased risk for psychosis. CONCLUSION Abnormal interoceptive sensibility may be a vulnerability marker for psychosis. These results, however, await further validation from additional comprehensive, longitudinal studies. Enhanced interoceptive sensibility has been reported following contemplative training, thus creating opportunities for future interventions to delay or prevent psychotic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariapaola Barbato
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Teresa Arora
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Maryam A AlJassmi
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Kalinowska S, Trześniowska-Drukała B, Kłoda K, Safranow K, Misiak B, Cyran A, Samochowiec J. The Association between Lifestyle Choices and Schizophrenia Symptoms. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10010165. [PMID: 33466547 PMCID: PMC7796511 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to poor eating habits, insufficient physical activity, and nicotine use, schizophrenia patients are at increased risk of lifestyle diseases. Factors contributing to unhealthy behaviors include lower socioeconomic status and level of education as well as social isolation. Schizophrenia manifestations such as amotivation, apathy, and cognitive deficits can further hinder development of proper health habits. The aim of this study was to assess the possible association between lifestyle-related choices and schizophrenia symptoms severity. This observational study enrolled 106 patients with schizophrenia (42 Males/64 Females), 18–69 years (mean: 41.89 ± 9.7 years). Mean duration of schizophrenia was 14.61 ± 9.7 years. Multiple significant correlations were found between patients’ lifestyle and their biochemical laboratory parameters (lipid profile and fasting glucose). Most importantly, a significant link emerged between presented habits and schizophrenia symptom severity. There were also significant gender differences in the intake of sweets and sweet beverages. Quite unexpectedly, a behavioral shift towards more healthy lifestyle choices was observed after completion of questionnaires on lifestyle and health habits. There are clear benefits to systematic provision of educational interventions concerning physical activity and proper eating habits to schizophrenia patients. These simple preventive measures could significantly improve both mental and physical health outcomes in schizophrenia patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Kalinowska
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, 26 Broniewskiego Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (B.T.-D.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91454-1507; Fax: +48-91454-0733
| | - Beata Trześniowska-Drukała
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, 26 Broniewskiego Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (B.T.-D.); (J.S.)
| | - Karolina Kłoda
- Independent Laboratory of Family Physician Education, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 1 Rybacka Street, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 72 Powstancow Wlkp Street, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 10 Pasteura Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (B.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Agnieszka Cyran
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 10 Pasteura Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (B.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, 26 Broniewskiego Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (B.T.-D.); (J.S.)
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Karlsson V, Danielsson L. Motivators for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders to start and maintain exercising: a qualitative interview study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2020.1776386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Karlsson
- Department of Psychotic Disorders, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Danielsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research Unit, Angered Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Fountoulakis KN, Panagiotidis P, Kimiskidis V, Nimatoudis I. 12-Month stability of neurological soft signs in stabilized patients with schizophrenia. Nord J Psychiatry 2019; 73:451-461. [PMID: 31393751 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2019.1649724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Neurological soft signs (NSS) are a group of minor non-localizable neurological abnormalities found more often in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of the current study was to investigate their temporal stability and relationship to the overall outcome over a 12-month period. Material and methods: The study sample included 133 stabilized patients suffering from schizophrenia (77 males and 56 females; aged 33.55 ± 11.22 years old). The assessment included the application at baseline and after 12 months of the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES), and a number of scales assessing the clinical symptoms and adverse effects. The statistical analysis included ANOVA, exploratory t-test and Pearson correlation coefficients with Bonferroni correction. Results: In stabilized patients, NSS are stable over a 12-month period with only the subscale of NES-sensory integration manifesting a significant worsening, while, in contrast, most of the clinical variables improved significantly. There was no relationship of NES scores with the magnitude of improvement. The only significant negative correlation was between NES-motor coordination and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-GP change at 1 year. Discussion: The results of the current study suggest that after stabilization of patients with schizophrenia, there are probably two separate components, a 'trait' which is stable over a 12-month period, and a 'degenerative' component with a tendency to worsen probably in parallel with the progression of the illness and in correlation with the worsening of negative symptoms. However, the statistical support of the 'degenerative' component is weak. Significant outcomes Neurological softs signs are stable over a 12-month period, with the exception of 'sensory integration' which manifests significant improvement irrespective of treatment response. They do not respond to treatment with antipsychotics. They do not constitute a prognostic factor to predict improvement over a period of 1 year. Neurological soft signs constitute a trait symptom of schizophrenia which is stable though time. Limitations All the subjects have been previously hospitalized which may represent a more severe form of schizophrenia. Also, all patients were under antipsychotic and some also under benzodiazepine medications. Patients with comorbid somatic disorders were excluded which may decrease generalizability of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos N Fountoulakis
- Third Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Panagiotis Panagiotidis
- Third Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Vasilios Kimiskidis
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Ioannis Nimatoudis
- Third Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
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Vancampfort D, De Hert M, Myin-Germeys I, Rosenbaum S, Stubbs B, Van Damme T, Probst M. Validity and correlates of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in first-episode psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:562-567. [PMID: 29164792 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is a self-report tool commonly used in mental healthcare settings to assess physical activity. However, its validity has not yet been investigated in first-episode psychosis (FEP). The aim of this study was to examine the concurrent validity of the IPAQ compared with an objective real-life measure, the Sensewear Armband (SWA), in assessing moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in people with FEP. A secondary aim was to explore whether there are differences in correlates of the IPAQ vs SWA scores. METHODS In total, 19 outpatients with FEP (15 men; 24.4 ± 5.1 years) wore an SWA for 5 full consecutive days, subsequently completed the IPAQ, performed a maximal cardiorespiratory fitness test and were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS There was no significant correlation between time spent in MVPA according to the IPAQ and SWA. In contrast with SWA scores, there were no significant associations between IPAQ scores and cardiorespiratory fitness levels. No correlations with PANSS scores were observed in both measures. CONCLUSIONS The current results suggest that the IPAQ should be used with caution when assessing levels of MVPA in FEP. More accurate methods of measuring physical activity are needed in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,UPC KU Leuven, Leuven - Kortenberg, Belgium
| | | | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, The Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Physiotherapy, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tine Van Damme
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,UPC KU Leuven, Leuven - Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Michel Probst
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,UPC KU Leuven, Leuven - Kortenberg, Belgium
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Hassan S, Ross J, Marston L, Osborn D, Walters K. Factors prospectively associated with physical activity and dietary related outcomes in people with severe mental illness: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Psychiatry Res 2019; 273:181-191. [PMID: 30654303 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding factors that contribute towards physical activity and diet outcomes are important for health improvement in people with severe mental illness. Cross-sectional findings on factors associated with diet and physical activity outcomes provide limited information on what predicts changes or long-term outcomes in lifestyle behaviours in people with severe mental illness. A systematic review was therefore conducted to identify prospective studies with quantitative data on baseline factors associated with follow-up diet or physical activity related outcomes. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus and grey literature databases were searched from inception to March 2018. From 6921 studies, 5 were eligible for physical activity related outcomes and 2 for diet related outcomes. The follow-up duration was 4 weeks to 24 months and participants were mostly diagnosed with schizophrenia. Older age was commonly related to better physical activity related outcomes, whilst higher negative symptoms were related to poorer-related outcomes. Physical activity intentions and gender were unrelated to physical activity outcomes. There was a lack of data on factors influencing dietary outcomes. Although there were some common factors predictive of physical activity including older age and negative symptoms, more high-quality research is needed to determine the effect of sociodemographic, mental health, social, clinical, lifestyle and other factors on both physical activity and dietary outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Hassan
- University College London, Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Upper Third Floor, UCL Medical School (Royal Free Campus), Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom.
| | - Jamie Ross
- University College London, Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Upper Third Floor, UCL Medical School (Royal Free Campus), Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Marston
- University College London, Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Upper Third Floor, UCL Medical School (Royal Free Campus), Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - David Osborn
- University College London, UCL Division of Psychiatry, 6th Floor, Wing B, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7NF, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Walters
- University College London, Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Upper Third Floor, UCL Medical School (Royal Free Campus), Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
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