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Nandan A, Koirala P, Dutt Tripathi A, Vikranta U, Shah K, Gupta AJ, Agarwal A, Nirmal N. Nutritional and functional perspectives of pseudocereals. Food Chem 2024; 448:139072. [PMID: 38547702 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
An increase in the consumption of carbohydrate-rich cereals over past few decades has led to increased metabolic disorders in population. This nutritional imbalance in diets may be corrected by substituting cereal grains with pseudocereals that are richer in high-quality proteins, dietary fibers, unsaturated fats, and bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols and phytosterols) as compared to cereal grains. These nutrients have been associated with numerous health benefits, such as hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-cancer, and hepatoprotective properties, and benefits against obesity and diabetes. In this review, the nutritional composition and health benefits of quinoa, amaranth, and buckwheat are compared against wheat, maize, and rice. Subsequently, the processing treatments applied to quinoa, amaranth, and buckwheat and their applications into food products are discussed. This is relevant since there is substantial market potential for both pseudocereals and functional foods formulated with pseudocereals. Despite clear benefits, the current progress is slowed down by the fact that the cultivation of these pseudocereals is limited to its native regions. Therefore, to meet the global needs, it is imperative to support worldwide cultivation of these nutrient-rich pseudocereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Nandan
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Pankaj Koirala
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Abhishek Dutt Tripathi
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Urvashi Vikranta
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Kartik Shah
- Sargento Foods, 305 Pine Street, Elkhart Lake, WI 53020, USA
| | | | - Aparna Agarwal
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Food Technology, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Nilesh Nirmal
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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Cao K, Chen J, Huang R, Lu R, Zhou X, Bu Y, Li L, Yao C. Metabolomics analysis reveals the differences between Abrus cantoniensis Hance and Abrus mollis Hance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:375. [PMID: 37525109 PMCID: PMC10391822 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abrus cantoniensis Hance. (Ac) and Abrus mollis (Am), two edible and medicinal plants with economic value in southern China, belong to the Abrus genus. Due to its growth characteristics, Am often replaces Ac in folk medicine. However, the latest National Pharmacopeia of China only recommends Ac. The differences in the metabolite composition of the plants are directly related to the differences in their clinical efficacy. RESULTS The difference in metabolites were analyzed using an untargeted metabolomic approach based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‒ESI‒MS/MS). The roots (R), stems (S) and leaves (L) of the two varieties were examined, and 635 metabolites belonging to 8 classes were detected. A comparative study revealed clear variations in the metabolic profiles of the two plants, and the AmR group had more active ingredients (flavonoids and terpenoids) than the AcR group. The metabolites classified as flavonoids and triterpene saponins showed considerable variations among the various samples. Both Ac and Am had unique metabolites. Two metabolites (isovitexin-2''-xyloside and soyasaponin V) specifically belong to Ac, and nine metabolites (vitexin-2"-O-galactoside, ethyl salicylate, 6-acetamidohexanoic acid, rhein-8-O-glucoside, hederagenin-3-O-glucuronide-28-O-glucosyl(1,2)-glucoside, methyl dioxindole-3-acetate, veratric acid, isorhamnetin-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-rhamnoside, and isorhamnetin-3-O-sophoroside) specifically belong to Am. CONCLUSIONS The metabolite differences between Ac and Am cause the differences in their clinical efficacy. Our findings serve as a foundation for further investigation of biosynthesis pathways and associated bioactivities and provide guidance for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, Guangxi, China
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Rongshao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Rumei Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Bu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Liangbo Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, Guangxi, China.
| | - Chun Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, Guangxi, China.
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Wiart C, Shorna AA, Rahmatullah M, Nissapatorn V, Seelan JSS, Rahman H, Rusdi NA, Mustaffa N, Elbehairy L, Sulaiman M. The Garlic Tree of Borneo, Scorodocarpus borneensis (Baill.) Becc. (Olacaceae): Potential Utilization in Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical, and Functional Cosmetic Industries. Molecules 2023; 28:5717. [PMID: 37570687 PMCID: PMC10419944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Scorodocarpus borneensis (Baill.) Becc. is attracting increased attention as a potential commercial medicinal plant product in Southeast Asia. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the taxonomy, habitat, distribution, medicinal uses, natural products, pharmacology, toxicology, and potential utilization of S. borneesis in the pharmaceutical/nutraceutical/functional cosmetic industries. All data in this review were compiled from Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, ChemSpider, PubChem, and a library search from 1866 to 2022. A total of 33 natural products have been identified, of which 11 were organosulfur compounds. The main organosulfur compound in the seeds is bis-(methylthiomethyl)disulfide, which inhibited the growth of a broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi, T-lymphoblastic leukemia cells, as well as platelet aggregation. Organic extracts evoked anti-microbial, cytotoxic, anti-free radical, and termiticidal effects. S. borneensis and its natural products have important and potentially patentable pharmacological properties. In particular, the seeds have the potential to be used as a source of food preservatives, antiseptics, or termiticides. However, there is a need to establish acute and chronic toxicity, to examine in vivo pharmacological effects and to perform clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Wiart
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (J.S.S.S.); (H.R.); (N.A.R.); (N.M.)
| | - Afsana Amin Shorna
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka 1209, Bangladesh; (A.A.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka 1209, Bangladesh; (A.A.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| | - Jaya Seelan Sathya Seelan
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (J.S.S.S.); (H.R.); (N.A.R.); (N.M.)
| | - Homathevi Rahman
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (J.S.S.S.); (H.R.); (N.A.R.); (N.M.)
| | - Nor Azizun Rusdi
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (J.S.S.S.); (H.R.); (N.A.R.); (N.M.)
| | - Nazirah Mustaffa
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (J.S.S.S.); (H.R.); (N.A.R.); (N.M.)
| | - Layane Elbehairy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (L.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Mazdida Sulaiman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (L.E.); (M.S.)
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Phenolic compounds in common buckwheat sprouts: composition, isolation, analysis and bioactivities. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:935-956. [PMID: 35873372 PMCID: PMC9300812 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds in common buckwheat sprouts (CBSs) have gained research interest because of their multiple health benefits. Phenolic acids, flavanones, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanins are important bioactive components of CBS that exhibit biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and immunomodulatory effects. The isolation and quantitative and qualitative analyses of these phenolic compounds require effective and appropriate extraction and analytical methods. The most recent analytical method developed for determining the phenolic profile is HPLC coupled with a UV-visible detector and/or MS. This review highlights the extraction, purification, analysis, and bioactive properties of phenolic compounds from CBS described in the literature.
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Pramudya M, Dewi FRP, Wong RW, Anggraini DW, Winarni D, Wahyuningsih SPA. Anti-cancer activity of an ethanolic extract of red okra pods (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in rats induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Vet World 2022; 15:1177-1184. [PMID: 35765486 PMCID: PMC9210857 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1177-1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women. The consumption of phytochemical components from plants may play an essential role in preventing and treating this cancer. This study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer activity of an ethanolic extract of red okra pods (EEROP) in rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU).
Materials and Methods: The experimental animals were divided into six groups (n=5/group), namely, KN (normal control, without any treatment), K– (negative control, exposed to MNU without EEROP), K+ (positive control, exposed to MNU and Methotrexate), and the treatment Groups P1, P2, and P3 (exposed to MNU and EEROP at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight [BW], respectively). Intraperitoneal delivery of MNU and EEROP oral administration was carried out for 8 weeks. After the end of treatment, the parameters of cytokines, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and mammary gland histology were measured.
Results: The results showed that EEROP at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg BW significantly downregulated interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-17, IL-10, and tumor growth factor-β (p<0.05). In addition, doses of 200 mg/kg BW significantly increased the activity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, prevented the proliferation of mammary gland epithelial cells, and yielded a significantly thinner epithelium of the mammary gland (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that EEROP was an effective anti-cancer agent by modulating the immune response. Further studies using a nanoparticle system are warranted to achieve optimal working conditions for these bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikya Pramudya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Firli Rahmah Primula Dewi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Richard W. Wong
- Cell Bionomics Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Devinta Wahyu Anggraini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Winarni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Andrade JPC, Alves OJA, Costa MC, Gimenez VMM, Squarisi IS, Nicolella HD, Pagotti MC, Tavares DC, Cunha WR, Silva MLAE, Januario AH, Magalhães LG, Pauletti PM. Chemical study of Adenocalymma axillarum crude leaf extract and isolated compounds. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Mansur AR, Kim KJ, Kim DB, Yoo M, Jang HW, Kim DO, Nam TG. Matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction method for HPLC determination of flavonoids from buckwheat sprouts. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Jin H, Wu Y, Bi S, Xu Y, Shi F, Li X, Ma X, Hu S. Higher immune response induced by vaccination in Houhai acupoint relates to the lymphatic drainage of the injection site. Res Vet Sci 2020; 130:230-236. [PMID: 32224352 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Houhai acupoint (HA) is a site for acupuncture stimulation, located in the fossa between the anus and tail base in animals. To evaluate HA as a potential immunization site, the immune responses were compared when HA and the conventional site nape were vaccinated in rats. The results showed that injection of a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) vaccine in HA induced significantly higher IgG, IgG1, IgG2, splenocyte proliferation and mRNA expression of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ than in the nape. To search for the underlying mechanisms, the draining lymph nodes for HA and the nape were investigated. When rats were injected in HA with Indian ink, 11 lymph nodes including caudal mesenteric lymph node and bilateral gluteal lymph nodes, posterior inguinal lymph nodes, lumbar lymph nodes, internal iliac lymph nodes and popliteal lymph nodes were visibly stained with the ink and injection of a model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) in HA resulted in detection of OVA by western blotting while in the same lymph nodes only a pair of lymph nodes (central brachial lymph nodes) were observed when Indian ink or OVA was injected in the nape. IL-2 mRNA expression was detected in all the lymph nodes when PEDV vaccine was injected. Therefore, the enhanced immune response elicited by vaccination in HA may be attributed to more lymphocytes activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Jin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Shicheng Bi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Animal Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Fushan Shi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Ma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Songhua Hu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
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Mansur AR, Song NE, Jang HW, Lim TG, Yoo M, Nam TG. Optimizing the ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of flavonoids in common buckwheat sprouts. Food Chem 2019; 293:438-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Maqbool B, Wang Y, Cui X, He S, Guan R, Wang S, Wang Y, Hu S. Ginseng stem-leaf saponins in combination with selenium enhance immune responses to an attenuated pseudorabies virus vaccine. Microbiol Immunol 2019; 63:269-279. [PMID: 31141221 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pseudorabies, a herpesvirus infection, is mainly controlled by using attenuated live vaccines. In this study, the effect of ginseng stem and leaf saponins (GSLS) in combination with selenium (Se; in the form of sodium selenite) on vaccination against attenuated pseudorabies virus (aPrV) was evaluated. It was found that GSLS and Se have an adjuvant effect and that a combination of GSLS and Se stimulates significantly enhanced immune responses than does GSLS or Se alone. Following oral administration of GSLS, mice immunized with an attenuated PrV vaccine diluted in Se-containing physiological saline solution (PSS) provoked a significantly stronger gB-specific serum antibodies response (IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a), enhanced lymphocyte proliferation and cytolytic activity of NK cells, along with higher production of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-5 and IL-10) by splenocytes. Notably, the combination of GSLS and Se conferred a much higher resistance to fPrV challenge after immunization of the mice with aPrV vaccine. This study offers convincing experimental evidence that an injection of Se with oral GSLS is a promising adjuvant combination that improves the efficacy of vaccination against PrV and deserves further study regarding improvement of responses to other animal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Maqbool
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xuemei Cui
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Shanshan He
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Ran Guan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Shenghao Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yuemin Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Songhua Hu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
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