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Zeng L, Xie L, Hu J, He C, Liu A, Lu X, Zhou W. Osteopontin-driven partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition governs the development of middle ear cholesteatoma. Cell Cycle 2024; 23:537-554. [PMID: 38662954 PMCID: PMC11135870 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2345481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesteatoma is a common disease of the middle ear. Currently, surgical removal is the only treatment option and patients face a high risk of relapse. The molecular basis of cholesteatoma remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Osteopontin (OPN), a predominantly secreted protein, plays a crucial role in the development of middle ear cholesteatoma. Global transcriptome analysis revealed the loss of epithelial features and an enhanced immune response in human cholesteatoma tissues. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining of middle ear cholesteatoma validated the reduced expression of epithelial markers, as well as the elevated expression of mesenchymal markers including Vimentin and Fibronectin, but not N-Cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) or ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), indicating a partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) state. Besides, the expression of OPN was significantly elevated in human cholesteatoma tissues. Treatment with OPN promoted cell proliferation, survival and migration and led to a partial EMT in immortalized human keratinocyte cells. Importantly, blockade of OPN signaling could remarkably improve the cholesteatoma-like symptoms in SD rats. Our mechanistic study demonstrated that the AKT-zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) axis mediated the effects of OPN. Overall, these findings suggest that targeting the OPN signaling represents a promising strategy for the treatment of middle ear cholesteatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Aiguo Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Schürmann M, Goon P, Sudhoff H. Review of potential medical treatments for middle ear cholesteatoma. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:148. [PMID: 36123729 PMCID: PMC9487140 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Middle ear cholesteatoma (MEC), is a destructive, and locally invasive lesion in the middle ear driven by inflammation with an annual incidence of 10 per 100,000. Surgical extraction/excision remains the only treatment strategy available and recurrence is high (up to 40%), therefore developing the first pharmaceutical treatments for MEC is desperately required. This review was targeted at connecting the dysregulated inflammatory network of MEC to pathogenesis and identification of pharmaceutical targets. We summarized the numerous basic research endeavors undertaken over the last 30+ years to identify the key targets in the dysregulated inflammatory pathways and judged the level of evidence for a given target if it was generated by in vitro, in vivo or clinical experiments. MEC pathogenesis was found to be connected to cytokines characteristic for Th1, Th17 and M1 cells. In addition, we found that the inflammation created damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which further promoted inflammation. Similar positive feedback loops have already been described for other Th1/Th17 driven inflammatory diseases (arthritis, Crohn’s disease or multiple sclerosis). A wide-ranging search for molecular targeted therapies (MTT) led to the discovery of over a hundred clinically approved drugs already applied in precision medicine. Based on exclusion criteria designed to enable fast translation as well as efficacy, we condensed the numerous MTTs down to 13 top drugs. The review should serve as groundwork for the primary goal, which is to provide potential pharmaceutical therapies to MEC patients for the first time in history. Video Abstract
Middle ear cholesteatoma (MEC) is a destructive and locally invasive ulcerated lesion in the middle ear driven by inflammation which occurs in 10 out of 100,000 people annually. Surgical extraction/excision is the only treatment strategy available and recurrence is high (up to 40% after ten years), therefore developing the first pharmaceutical treatments for MEC is desperately required. This review is focused on the connections between inflammation and MEC pathogenesis. These connections can be used as attack points for pharmaceuticals. For this we summarized the results of research undertaken over the last 30 + years. MEC pathogenesis can be described by specific inflammatory dysregulation already known from arthritis, Crohn’s disease or multiple sclerosis. A hallmark of this dysregulation are positive feedback loops of the inflammation further amplifying itself in a vicious circle-like manner. We have identified over one hundred drugs which are already used in clinic to treat other inflammatory diseases, and could potentially be repurposed to treat MEC. To improve and expedite clinical success rates, we applied certain criteria based on our literature searches and condensed these drugs down to the 13 top drugs. We hope the review will serve as groundwork for the primary goal, which is to provide potential pharmaceutical therapies to MEC patients for the first time in history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schürmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universität Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Peter Goon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universität Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604, Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Holger Sudhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universität Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604, Bielefeld, Germany.
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The Relationship between the M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization and the Degree of Ossicular Erosion in Human Acquired Cholesteatoma: An Immunohistochemical Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164826. [PMID: 36013064 PMCID: PMC9410162 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The differential involvement of the macrophage activation phenotypes (M1 vs. M2) has been linked to disease severity in various chronic inflammatory disorders. Pharmacologic manipulation of the M1/M2 macrophage polarization has shown therapeutic potential. Cholesteatoma is a destructive chronic middle ear disease with potentially life-threatening complications. The distribution of macrophage polarization phenotypes in middle ear cholesteatoma has not been described. In the present study, human cholesteatoma specimens acquired during tympanomastoidectomy were retrospectively retrieved and immunohistochemically characterized using a combination of antibodies labeling M1 macrophages (CD80), M2 macrophages (CD163), and total macrophages (CD68). The correlations between the immunohistochemical findings and clinical presentation were assessed. The findings revealed that cholesteatomas with more extensive ossicular erosion demonstrated a significantly higher number of M1 (CD80+) cells and a higher M1/M2 ratio than less invasive cholesteatomas (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05). The extent of ossicular erosion correlated significantly with the M1/M2 ratio (Spearman correlation coefficient ρ = 0.4, p < 0.05). Thus, the degree of ossicular erosion in human acquired cholesteatoma appears to be related to the M1/M2 macrophage polarization. The investigation of macrophage polarization and functions in various clinical presentations of middle ear cholesteatoma is of great interest since it may contribute to the development of pharmaceutical treatment approaches.
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Zhang D, Li Z, Shi H, Yao Y, Du W, Lu P, Liang K, Hong L, Gao C. Micropatterns and peptide gradient on the inner surface of a guidance conduit synergistically promotes nerve regeneration in vivo. Bioact Mater 2022; 9:134-146. [PMID: 34820561 PMCID: PMC8586031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both of the surface topographical features and distribution of biochemical cues can influence the cell-substrate interactions and thereby tissue regeneration in vivo. However, they have not been combined simultaneously onto a biodegradable scaffold to demonstrate the synergistic role so far. In this study, a proof-of-concept study is performed to prepare micropatterns and peptide gradient on the inner wall of a poly (D,L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) guidance conduit and its advantages in regeneration of peripheral nerve in vivo. After linear ridges/grooves of 20/40 μm in width are created on the PLCL film, its surface is aminolyzed in a kinetically controlled manner to obtain the continuous gradient of amino groups, which are then transferred to CQAASIKVAV peptide density gradient via covalent coupling of glutaraldehyde. The Schwann cells are better aligned along with the stripes, and show a faster migration rate toward the region of higher peptide density. Implantation of the nerve guidance conduit made of the PLCL film having both the micropatterns and peptide gradient can significantly accelerate the regeneration of sciatic nerve in terms of rate, function recovery and microstructures, and reduction of fibrosis in muscle tissues. Moreover, this nerve conduit can also benefit the M2 polarization of macrophages and promote vascularization in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deteng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ziming Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Hand Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine. Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yuejun Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wang Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Pan Lu
- Department of Hand Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine. Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Kejiong Liang
- Department of Hand Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine. Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Liangjie Hong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Jiang M, Dai J, Yin M, Jiang C, Ren M, Tian L. LncRNA MEG8 sponging miR-181a-5p contributes to M1 macrophage polarization by regulating SHP2 expression in Henoch-Schonlein purpura rats. Ann Med 2021; 53:1576-1588. [PMID: 34477472 PMCID: PMC8425717 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1969033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are regulatory molecules that play important roles in various biological and pathological processes. Herein, we aimed to explore whether maternally expressed gene 8 (MEG8) promotes M1 macrophage polarization among Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) rats, and to investigate the underlying mechanism. METHODS Relative mRNA expression of MEG8, miR-181a-5p and suppressor of SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) were examined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, expression of SHP2 and the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway-related proteins was identified using western blot. Luciferase activity assay was conducted to evaluate whether miR-181a-5p could bind to MEG8 or SHP2. The macrophage phenotype was determined using flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS We observed macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype in the peripheral blood of HSP rats. Furthermore, MEG8 and SHP2 expression were down-regulated, while miR-181a-5p was up-regulated in monocyte-derived macrophages from the HSP rats compared to the control group. Furthermore, MEG8 functioned as a sponge for miR-181a-5p in order to facilitate SHP2 expression. Moreover, miR-181a-5p mimic and SHP2 knockdown significantly reversed the MEG8 overexpression-mediated suppression of JAK2/STAT3 signalling, and promotion of M1 polarization. CONCLUSIONS The lncRNA MEG8 sponged miR-181a-5p, which contributes to M1 macrophage polarization by regulating SHP2 expression in HSP rats.Key MessagesLncRNA MEG8 downregulation and M2 polarization in Henoch Schonlein purpura rats.MEG8 upregulation enhances M1 polarization and suppresses JAK2/STAT3 pathway.MEG8 sponges miRNA-181a-5p to regulate SHP2 expression.MiRNA-181a-5p upregulation reverses lncRNA MEG8-mediated enhancement of M1 polarization and inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 pathway.SHP2 downregulation reverses lncRNA MEG8-mediated enhancement of M1 polarization and inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jicheng Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Mingying Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Mingyong Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
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