Prevalence of Congenital Ocular Anomalies among Children with Genetic Disorders: An Egyptian Study

Incidence and predisposing factors of intraocular Lens tilt following secondary ciliary sulcus implantation in children: An ultrasound biomicroscopic study

PURPOSE

To evaluate the incidence and causes of intraocular lens (IOL) tilt and changes in anterior chamber angle after secondary IOL sulcus implantation following congenital cataract removal.

METHODS

A retrospective observational study was conducted on children who underwent secondary sulcus IOL implantation following pediatric cataract removal in the period from 2017-2020 in Cairo university Hospitals. Children were examined for IOL position, centration, and tilt. Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, fundus and gonioscopic examination was performed. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) was performed on both eyes in children with clinically detected tilt.

RESULTS

Ciliary sulcus secondary IOL implantation was performed in 102 eyes (57 children). IOL tilt was detected clinically in 16 eyes of 14 children (15.7%). UBM showed clinically undetected tilt in the fellow eye in additional 4 eyes. The mean angle of tilt was 12.8 ± 3.9° in clinically detected tilt compared to 7.5 ± 1.2° in UBM detected tilt. Mean anterior chamber depth (ACD) was 2.4 ± 0.5 mm IOP was >21 mmHg in 1.9% of eyes. Narrowing of the anterior chamber angle (ACA) after sulcus implantation occurred in 40% of eyes with open angle. Sulcus proliferations and obliterated sulcus were detected in all 20 eyes. Sommering's ring was found in 7 eyes (35%). Axial length, corneal diameter, and presence of persistent fetal vasculature did not affect IOL position.

CONCLUSION

The presence of residual lens matter or an obliterated ciliary sulcus is associated with a higher incidence of IOL malposition following ciliary sulcus implantation.

Mapping of global research output in congenital cataracts from 1903 to 2021

BACKGROUND AND AIM

Globally, congenital cataract remains one of the main causes of visual loss in children. This study was designed to plot the overall research output and evaluate some key bibliometric indicators in congenital cataracts research.

METHODS

Publications on congenital cataracts were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The published literature was searched using the keywords "congenital cataract" OR "congenital cataracts" in the title filed with document types and language restrictions. The data were exported into HistCite to analyze; publication year, top authors, countries, institutions, journals, keywords, and most cited studies. VOSviewer software was used to construct network visualization mapping.

RESULTS

A total of 1427 publications (1903-2021) published in English language were included in this study. Over the past few decades, the total number of publications in congenital cataracts was found to be increased. The most productive year was 2016 (n = 72), while the most cited year was 1941 (1268 citations). The Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (Impact Factor: 4.799) was the most attractive journal with 161 publications, and the Molecular Vision (Impact Factor : 2.367) was the most cited journal with 1915 citations and 161.723 citations per year. The most productive country was the United States of America (USA) (n = 325), while the most active institute was Sun Yat-sen University, China (n = 36). The most prolific author was Yao K (n = 27). The most studied Web of Science category was ophthalmology (n = 852). The most widely used keyword was congenital (n = 1427). The most cited paper in congenital cataracts was "Congenital cataract following German measles in the mother, cited 1268 times. The USA and author keyword congenital cataract had the highest total link strength.

CONCLUSION

These findings provide useful insights, current status, and trends in clinical research in congenital cataracts. This study can be used to identify future research areas and standard bibliography references for better diagnosis and disease control.

[Congenital ocular anomalies at the University Hospital Campus in Lomé, Togo]

Introduction

les anomalies congénitales oculaires sont des entités cliniques rares dans le monde. Le but de cette étude est de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques des anomalies congénitales oculaires au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Campus de Lomé.

Méthodes

une étude rétrospective a été réalisée de janvier 2016 à décembre 2018 (3 ans) dans le service d´ophtalmologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Campus de Lomé. Elle a concerné les enfants porteurs d´anomalies congénitales oculaires. Les variables d´étude ont été: le sexe; l´âge au moment du diagnostic; le type d´anomalies congénitales oculaires; la latéralité.

Résultats

sur 2621 enfants examinés durant la période d´étude, 103 (3,9%) étaient porteurs d´anomalies congénitales oculaires. Des 103 patients, il y avait 60 (58,2%) garçons et 43 (41,8%) filles. L´âge moyen de diagnostic était de 16 ± 5,2 mois (extrêmes: 1 mois et 5 ans). L´anomalie congénitale oculaire la plus fréquente était la cataracte (53,4 %). Les atteintes unilatérales étaient prépondérantes (56,3%). Les anomalies congénitales oculaires étaient: isolées (82,5%) ; associées aux anomalies systémiques (11,7%); associées entre elles (5,8%).

Conclusion

ces résultats indiquent que les caractéristiques épidémiologiques et cliniques des anomalies congénitales oculaires se rapprochent de celles rapportées dans la littérature. Cependant, dans notre milieu, la fréquence des anomalies congénitales oculaires et l´âge de diagnostic sont élevés. Il est important de diagnostiquer tôt les anomalies congénitales oculaires dans le but d´assurer la prise en charge et de préserver la fonction visuelle.

Congenital ocular malformations in dogs and cats: 123 cases

OBJECTIVE

Provide epidemiological data regarding the prevalence of congenital ocular malformations in dogs and cats.

ANIMALS STUDIED

A population of 32 974 dogs and 13 977 cats that presented for consultation at the veterinary teaching hospital.

PROCEDURES

Medical records from 2011 to 2018 were reviewed. A retrospective and prospective epidemiological clinical study addressing congenital ocular malformations was conducted. Signalment, medical history, reason for presentation, clinical findings, vision impairment, and treatment options were analyzed.

RESULTS

From the total of cases analyzed, 103 dogs (0.3%) and 20 cats (0.1%) met the inclusion criteria. The majority of dogs were mixed breed, the most common breed being the French Bulldog, while the majority of cats were European domestic shorthair. The median age of diagnosis was 12 months for dogs and 6 months for cats. Sex predisposition was not found. The most frequently identified abnormalities were as follows: congenital cataract (dogs: 31.1%; cats: 30.0%), microphthalmia (dogs: 35.0%, cats: 25.0%), and persistent pupillary membrane (dogs: 27.2%, cats: 40.0%). Some of the concurrently observed malformations were significantly associated. A statistically significant association was found between ocular dermoids and the French Bulldog breed (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

Even though congenital ocular malformations are uncommon, knowledge about their prevalence is important, since they can cause vision impairment or even blindness. Moreover, some human ocular disease phenotypes are similar to the ones presented by dogs and cats, so they can be used as models to investigate pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches.

Molecular genetics of congenital cataracts

Congenital cataracts, the most common cause of visual impairment and blindness in children worldwide, have diverse etiologies. According to statistics analysis, about one quarter of congenital cataracts caused by genetic defects. Various mutations of more than one hundred genes have been identified in hereditary cataracts so far. In this review, we briefly summarize recent developments about the genetics, molecular mechanisms, and treatments of congenital cataracts. The studies of these pathogenic mutations and molecular genetics is making it possible for us to comprehend the underlying mechanisms of cataractogenesis and providing new insights into the preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of cataracts.