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Deipolyi AR, Ward RC, Riaz A, Vogl TJ, Simmons RM, Pieper CC, Bryce Y. Locoregional Therapies for Primary and Metastatic Breast Cancer: AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2024; 222:e2329454. [PMID: 37377360 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.23.29454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Minimally invasive locoregional therapies have a growing role in the multidisciplinary treatment of primary and metastatic breast cancer. Factors contributing to the expanding role of ablation for primary breast cancer include earlier diagnosis, when tumors are small, and increased longevity of patients whose condition precludes surgery. Cryoablation has emerged as the leading ablative modality for primary breast cancer owing to its wide availability, the lack of need for sedation, and the ability to monitor the ablation zone. Emerging evidence suggests that in patients with oligometastatic breast cancer, use of locoregional therapies to eradicate all disease sites may confer a survival advantage. Evidence also suggests that transarterial therapies-including chemoembolization, chemoperfusion, and radioembolization-may be helpful to some patients with advanced liver metastases from breast cancer, such as those with hepatic oligoprogression or those who cannot tolerate systemic therapy. However, the optimal modalities for treatment of oligometastatic and advanced metastatic disease remain unknown. Finally, locoregional therapies may produce tumor antigens that in combination with immunotherapy drive anti-tumor immunity. Although key trials are ongoing, additional prospective studies are needed to establish the inclusion of interventional oncology in societal breast cancer guidelines to support further clinical adoption and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Deipolyi
- Department of Surgery, Interventional Radiology, West Virginia University/Charleston Area Medical Center, 3200 MacCorkle Ave SE, Charleston, WV 25304
| | - Robert C Ward
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Ahsun Riaz
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Thomas J Vogl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rache M Simmons
- Department of Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Claus C Pieper
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yolanda Bryce
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Daye D, Panagides J, Norton L, Ahmed M, Fukuma E, Ward RC, Gomez D, Kokabi N, Vogl T, Abi-Jaoudeh N, Deipolyi A. New Frontiers in the Role of Locoregional Therapies in Breast Cancer: Proceedings from the Society of Interventional Radiology Foundation Research Consensus Panel. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 34:1835-1842. [PMID: 37414212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2023.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence regarding the effectiveness of locoregional therapies (LRTs) for breast cancer has prompted investigation of the potential role of interventional radiology (IR) in the care continuum of patients with breast cancer. The Society of Interventional Radiology Foundation invited 7 key opinion leaders to develop research priorities to delineate the role of LRTs in both primary and metastatic breast cancer. The objectives of the research consensus panel were to identify knowledge gaps and opportunities pertaining to the treatment of primary and metastatic breast cancer, establish priorities for future breast cancer LRT clinical trials, and highlight lead technologies that will improve breast cancer outcomes either alone or in combination with other therapies. Potential research focus areas were proposed by individual panel members and ranked by all participants according to each focus area's overall impact. The results of this research consensus panel present the current priorities for the IR research community related to the treatment of breast cancer to investigate the clinical impact of minimally invasive therapies in the current breast cancer treatment paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Daye
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - John Panagides
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Larry Norton
- Division of Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Muneeb Ahmed
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eisuke Fukuma
- Department of Radiology, Kameda Medical Center Breast Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Robert C Ward
- Department of Radiology, Brown University Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Daniel Gomez
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nima Kokabi
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt Center of Radiology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nadine Abi-Jaoudeh
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Amy Deipolyi
- Department of Radiology, Charleston Area Medical Center, Vascular Center of Excellence, Charleston, West Virginia
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3
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Nash A, Aghlara-Fotovat S, Hernandez A, Scull C, Veiseh O. Clinical translation of immunomodulatory therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113896. [PMID: 34324885 PMCID: PMC8567306 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory therapeutics represent a unique class of drug products that have tremendous potential to rebalance malfunctioning immune systems and are quickly becoming one of the fastest-growing areas in the pharmaceutical industry. For these drugs to become mainstream medicines, they must provide greater therapeutic benefit than the currently used treatments without causing severe toxicities. Immunomodulators, cell-based therapies, antibodies, and viral therapies have all achieved varying amounts of success in the treatment of cancers and/or autoimmune diseases. However, many challenges related to precision dosing, off-target effects, and manufacturing hurdles will need to be addressed before we see widespread adoption of these therapies in the clinic. This review provides a perspective on the progress of immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive therapies to date and discusses the opportunities and challenges for clinical translation of the next generation of immunomodulatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Nash
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston TX, United States
| | | | - Andrea Hernandez
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston TX, United States
| | | | - Omid Veiseh
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston TX, United States.
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4
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Regen-Tuero HC, Ward RC, Sikov WM, Littrup PJ. Cryoablation and Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer: Overview and Rationale for Combined Therapy. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2021; 3:e200134. [PMID: 33817653 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.2021200134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cryoablation is a well-tolerated outpatient procedure that has been used to treat metastatic sites as well as small breast cancers in patients who are considered poor candidates for surgery. Recent studies suggest that cell disruption caused by cryoablation may increase the expression and immunogenicity of tumor neoantigens, which could enhance the ability of the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells at both local and distant sites. Such an approach might broaden the role of immunotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer, which has previously demonstrated limited response to these agents, likely owing to the modest immunogenicity of most breast cancer subtypes. If cryoablation can induce a systemic tumor-specific response, it could enhance tumor susceptibility to immunotherapy agents. This review briefly summarizes the necessary components for generating an immune response against tumor cells, reviews the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer, describes the rationale for and limitations of immune checkpoint inhibition, highlights the potential for cryoablation to induce a systemic tumor-specific immune response, and describes the rationale for combining cryoablation and immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of breast cancer. Keywords: Ablation Techniques, Breast, Neoplasms-Primary, Percutaneous, Tumor Microenvironment, Tumor Response, Ultrasonography © RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helaina C Regen-Tuero
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903 (H.C.R.T., R.C.W.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI (R.C.W.); Program in Women's Oncology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI (W.M.S.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Wayne State University, Ascension Providence Rochester Hospital, Rochester Hills, Mich (P.J.L.)
| | - Robert C Ward
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903 (H.C.R.T., R.C.W.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI (R.C.W.); Program in Women's Oncology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI (W.M.S.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Wayne State University, Ascension Providence Rochester Hospital, Rochester Hills, Mich (P.J.L.)
| | - William M Sikov
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903 (H.C.R.T., R.C.W.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI (R.C.W.); Program in Women's Oncology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI (W.M.S.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Wayne State University, Ascension Providence Rochester Hospital, Rochester Hills, Mich (P.J.L.)
| | - Peter J Littrup
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903 (H.C.R.T., R.C.W.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI (R.C.W.); Program in Women's Oncology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI (W.M.S.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Wayne State University, Ascension Providence Rochester Hospital, Rochester Hills, Mich (P.J.L.)
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CXCR3 blockade combined with cyclosporine A alleviates acute graft-versus-host disease by inhibiting alloreactive donor T cell responses in a murine model. Mol Immunol 2017; 94:82-90. [PMID: 29288898 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chemotaxis of T cells to acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) target tissues directed by chemokines and their receptors plays a key role in the pathogenesis of aGvHD. Blockade of lymphocyte migration by targeting chemokine receptors may be a viable strategy for the prevention and treatment of aGvHD, which is quite distinguishable from typical efforts to use immunosuppressive medications that have been associated with some side effects. CXCR3 and its ligands have been reported to be correlated with aGvHD pathogenesis. Using the small-molecule CXCR3 antagonist AMG487, we demonstrated that AMG487 combined with cyclosporine A (CsA) effectively alleviated aGvHD with a prolonged mean survival time and significantly inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells in aGvHD target tissues in a murine aGvHD model. In addition, AMG487 combined with CsA inhibited the activation, proliferation and differentiation of donor-derived T cells in the spleens. Further results showed that the concentrations of Th1 cells associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNFα in serum were decreased. In addition, AMG487 treatment did not alter CXCR3 and CCR5 expression in donor-derived T cells but elevated the serum CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels. This novel and effective approach has the potential to develop a new clinical method to prevent and treat aGvHD.
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Fanning SL, Zilberberg J, Stein J, Vazzana K, Berger SA, Korngold R, Friedman TM. Unraveling graft-versus-host disease and graft-versus-leukemia responses using TCR Vβ spectratype analysis in a murine bone marrow transplantation model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012. [PMID: 23203931 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The optimum use of allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation (BMT) as a curative therapy for hematological malignancies lies in the successful separation of mature donor T cells that are host reactive and induce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) from those that are tumor reactive and mediate graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects. To study whether this separation was possible in an MHC-matched murine BMT model (B10.BR→CBA) with a CBA-derived myeloid leukemia line, MMC6, we used TCR Vβ CDR3-size spectratype analysis to first show that the Vβ13 family was highly skewed in the B10.BR anti-MMC6 CD8(+) T cell response but not in the alloresponse against recipient cells alone. Transplantation of CD8(+)Vβ13(+) T cells at the dose equivalent of their constituency in 1 × 10(7) CD8(+) T cells, a dose that had been shown to mediate lethal GVHD in recipient mice, induced a slight GVL response with no concomitant GVHD. Increasing doses of CD8(+)Vβ13(+) T cells led to more significant GVL responses but also increased GVHD symptoms and associated mortality. Subsequent spectratype analysis of GVHD target tissues revealed involvement of gut-infiltrating CD8(+)Vβ13(+) T cells accounting for the observed in vivo effects. When BMT recipients were given MMC6-presensitized CD8(+)Vβ13(+) T cells, they displayed a significant GVL response with minimal GVHD. Spectratype analysis of tumor-presensitized, gut-infiltrating CD8(+)Vβ13(+) T cells showed preferential usage of tumor-reactive CDR3-size lengths, and these cells expressed increased effector memory phenotype (CD44(+)CD62L(-/lo)). Thus, Vβ spectratyping can identify T cells involved in antihost and antitumor reactivity and tumor presensitization can aid in the separation of GVHD and GVL responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Fanning
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
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7
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Targeting costimulatory molecules to improve antitumor immunity. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:926321. [PMID: 22500111 PMCID: PMC3303883 DOI: 10.1155/2012/926321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The full activation of T cells necessitates the concomitant activation of two signals, the engagement of T-cell receptor by peptide/major histocompatibility complex II and an additional signal delivered by costimulatory molecules. The best characterized costimulatory molecules belong to B7/CD28 and TNF/TNFR families and play crucial roles in the modulation of immune response and improvement of antitumor immunity. Unfortunately, tumors often generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment, where T-cell response is attenuated by the lack of costimulatory molecules on the surface of cancer cells. Thus, targeting costimulatory pathways represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to enhance the antitumor immunity in several human cancers. Here, latest therapeutic approaches targeting costimulatory molecules will be described.
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8
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Turnis ME, Rooney CM. Enhancement of dendritic cells as vaccines for cancer. Immunotherapy 2011; 2:847-62. [PMID: 21091116 DOI: 10.2217/imt.10.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells are the most potent antigen-presenting cells known; owing to their ability to stimulate antigen-specific cytolytic and memory T-cell responses, their use as cancer vaccines is rapidly increasing. While clinical trials provide evidence that dendritic cells vaccines are safe and elicit immunological responses in most patients, few complete tumor remissions have been reported and further technological advances are required. An effective dendritic cell vaccine must possess and maintain several characteristics: it must migrate to lymph nodes, have a mature, Th1-polarizing phenotype expressed stably after infusion and present antigen for sufficient time to produce a T-cell response capable of eliminating a tumor. While dendritic cells are readily matured ex vivo, their phenotype and fate after infusion are rarely evaluable; therefore, strategies to ensure that dendritic cells access lymphoid tissues and retain an immunostimulatory phenotype are required. In order to best exploit dendritic cells as vaccines, they may require genetic modification and combination with other strategies including adoptive T-cell transfer, inhibition of regulatory T cells or modulation of inflammatory pathways.
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Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is arguably the most successful live biotherapeutic agent because of its critical role in the eradication of smallpox, one of the most deadly diseases in human history. VACV has been exploited as an oncolytic therapeutic agent for cancer since 1922. This virus selectively infects and destroys tumor cells, while sparing normal cells, both in cell cultures and in animal models. A certain degree of therapeutic efficacy also has been demonstrated in patients with different types of cancer. In recent years, several strategies have been successfully developed to further improve its tumor selectivity and antitumor efficacy. Oncolytic VACVs carrying imaging genes represent a new treatment strategy that combines tumor site-specific therapeutics with diagnostics (theranostics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhai G Chen
- Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego, CA 92109, USA; Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, 3030 Bunker Hill Street, Suite 310, San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - Aladar A Szalay
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry & Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rebecca & John Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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10
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Ponte JF, Ponath P, Gulati R, Slavonic M, Paglia M, O'Shea A, Tone M, Waldmann H, Vaickus L, Rosenzweig M. Enhancement of humoral and cellular immunity with an anti-glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor monoclonal antibody. Immunology 2010; 130:231-42. [PMID: 20201988 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants, including antibodies to tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily members, augment immune responses. One member of this family, glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITR), is expressed at low levels on naive/resting T cells, B cells and macrophages, but at higher levels on T regulatory cells. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of a rat anti-mouse GITR monoclonal antibody, 2F8, to stimulate murine humoral and cellular immunity in a prime boost model with particular attention to posology and antigen-specific effects. 2F8 enhanced the humoral immune response to ovalbumin and haemagglutinin (HA) compared with controls and this enhancement was equal to or greater than that obtained in mice dosed with standard adjuvants. 2F8 F(ab')(2) fragments were as effective as intact antibody in boosting humoral immunity, indicating that FcR-mediated cross-linking of 2F8 is not required for efficacy. Moreover, the enhanced response was durable and antigen specific. Administration of 2F8 shifted the immune response towards a T helper type 1 response with significant enhancement of immunoglobulin G2a- and G2b-specific anti-HA antibodies, as well as enhanced cellular immunity as measured by ELISPOT. 2F8-treated mice also generated significantly more neutralizing antibodies to HA than control mice. Our findings show that anti-GITR is a robust, versatile adjuvant that, unlike commonly used adjuvants that primarily enhance humoral immunity, enhances both humoral and cellular immunity. These results support the continued development of anti-GITR for such indications as haematological and solid tumours, chronic viral infections, and as a vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Ponte
- Tolerx, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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11
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Kross KW, Heimdal JH, Aarstad HJ. Mononuclear phagocytes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2009; 267:335-44. [PMID: 19967383 PMCID: PMC2811252 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-009-1153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The head and neck squamous cell carcinoma microenvironments contain many immune cells and their secretory products. Many of these cells belong to the mononuclear phagocyte system. The aim of this review is to study the interactions between mononuclear phagocytes and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissue. The role of inflammation in tumours and the cytokine interleukin-6 will be highlighted. Future therapy strategies in the treatment of head and neck cancer might be directed towards mononuclear phagocytes and their cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Wilfried Kross
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PP Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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12
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Higgins JP, Bernstein MB, Hodge JW. Enhancing immune responses to tumor-associated antigens. Cancer Biol Ther 2009; 8:1440-9. [PMID: 19556848 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.8.15.9133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of vaccine-based cancer immunotherapy is to induce a tumor-specific immune response that ultimately reduces tumor burden. However, the immune system is often tolerant to antigens presented by the tumor, as the cancer originates from within a patient and is therefore recognized as self. This article reviews selected clinical strategies for overcoming this immune tolerance, and approaches to enhance generation of immunity to tumor-associated antigens by activating innate immunity, potentiating adaptive immunity, reducing immunosuppression, and enhancing tumor immunogenicity. Success in the field of cancer vaccines has yet to be fully realized, but intelligent choice of immunomodulators, tumor antigens and patient populations will likely lead to clinically relevant uses for cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P Higgins
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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13
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Types I and II interferons upregulate the costimulatory CD80 molecule in monocytes via interferon regulatory factor-1. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 78:514-22. [PMID: 19433065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CD80/B7.1 expressed on monocytes plays a prominent role in the activation of T cell-mediated immunity and its level is reduced in monocytes from cancer patients. Type I (alpha/beta) and type II (gamma) IFNs are widely administered as adjuvant therapy. We show here that both classes of IFNs upregulate CD80 mRNA and protein in primary monocytes ex vivo. The stimulatory action of IFN-alpha/beta on CD80 is accompanied by the activation of both interferon regulatory factors IRF-1 and IRF-7, whereas IFN-gamma stimulating effect is associated only with IRF-1 induction. IFNs concomitantly upregulate the transcription of CD40 costimulatory molecule whose activation is known to require IRF-1. In monocytic U937 cells, IRF-1 is activated by IFN-gamma but not by IFN-alpha/beta, whereas it is the reverse for IRF-7; in the latter cells, only IFN-gamma is capable of stimulating CD80 transcription emphasizing the essential role of IRF-1. Moreover, siRNA against IRF-1 prevents IFN-gamma-mediated CD80 activation. In AML cells, IFNs upregulate CD40, CD80 and IRF-1 in the FAB-M4/M5 subtypes but not in the less differentiated M1/M2 subtypes. Monitoring the expression of CD80 on AML cells and its modulation by IFNs could help to predict the patients more susceptible to benefit from therapeutic strategies aimed at eliciting specific T cell responses to leukemia-associated antigens.
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14
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Dai B, Wang P. In vitro differentiation of adult bone marrow progenitors into antigen-specific CD4 helper T cells using engineered stromal cells expressing a notch ligand and a major histocompatibility complex class II protein. Stem Cells Dev 2009; 18:235-45. [PMID: 18680390 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2008.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A murine stromal cell line (OP9-DL1) expressing a notch ligand, Delta-like-1, has been shown to be able to drive the differentiation of both murine and human hematopoietic progenitors into T cells in vitro. Further studies showed that hematopoietic progenitors transduced by a retroviral vector to express a human CD8 T-cell receptor (TCR) followed by an OP9-DL1 monolayer coculture could generate antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro. It remains unknown if a similar method could be applied to produce CD4 helper T cells. In this report, we show that murine adult bone marrow (BM) cells transduced with an OT2 CD4 TCR and cocultured with OP9 stromal cells expressing Delta-like-1 can differentiate into antigen-specific CD4 T cells in vitro. These cells are capable of inducing the expression of T-cell activation markers and producing cytokines upon stimulation. We have also constructed a new stromal cell line (OP9-DL1-IA(b)) ectopically expressing a murine major histocompatibility complex class II protein, I-A(b), in OP9-DL1 cells. This new line could accelerate the development of TCR-transduced BM cells into CD4 T cells, resulting in cells with an improved capacity to respond to T-cell stimulation to secrete cytokines. Taken together, we demonstrate a general and potentially useful method to generate autologous antigen-specific CD4 helper T cells in vitro from easily accessible BM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Dai
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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15
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Kim TS, Lee BC, Kim E, Cho D, Cohen EP. Gene transfer of AIMP1 and B7.1 into epitope-loaded, fibroblasts induces tumor-specific CTL immunity, and prolongs the survival period of tumor-bearing mice. Vaccine 2008; 26:5928-34. [PMID: 18793691 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
T helper type 1 (Th1) cell-mediated immune responses play various roles in cellular immunity, including inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and they have been shown to be crucial in cancer immunotherapy. Previously, we found that aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1) stimulated antigen-presenting cells to secrete IL-12, leading to enhanced Th1 cell responses. In this study, as a way of enhancing antigen-specific Th1 responses, mouse fibroblasts (H-2(b)) were genetically modified to express an AIMP1 and a costimulatory B7.1 (Fb/AIMP1/B7.1). Fb/AIMP1/B7.1 cells were then loaded with an ovalbumin epitope as a model antigen (Fb/AIMP1/B7.1/OVA), and tested to determine if they induced OVA-specific CTLs in C57BL/6 mice (H-2(b)). Immunization with Fb/AIMP1/B7.1/OVA cells induced strong cytotoxic activities against OVA-expressing EG7 tumor cells, but not against other H-2(b) tumor cells. The levels of the cytotoxic response in the immunized mice with Fb/AIMP1/B7.1/OVA cells were significantly higher than the responses in mice immunized with other cell constructs. CD8(+) T cells were a major cell-type of OVA-specific antitumor immunity induced by Fb/AIMP1/B7.1/OVA cells. Furthermore, treatment with Fb/AIMP1/B7.1/OVA cells significantly prolonged the survival period of EG7 tumor-bearing mice. These results indicate that AIMP1-secreting, epitope-loaded fibroblasts efficiently induce antigen-specific CTL responses in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae S Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Herlyn M, Halaban R, Ronai Z, Schuchter L, Berwick M, Pinkel D. Roadmap for new opportunities in melanoma research. Semin Oncol 2008; 34:566-76. [PMID: 18083380 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Investigators representing all major melanoma research areas present an overview of the most important challenges for the field. Four major research areas are covered plus the training of new investigators. For each area we first describe the present status, its strengths and weaknesses, and then outline specific recommendations. In basic research of melanoma, we outline the pertinent issues for melanoma classification, understanding melanocyte development and transformation, melanoma resistance, tumor microenvironment, metastasis, animal models, immune response, and blood and tissue diagnostics. In clinical research we provide an overview of the current challenges and the strategies for characterization, monitoring, and therapy. It will be important to develop strong research and clinical infrastructures by establishing tumor banks, identifying and validating biomarkers, developing new imaging techniques, and increasing multidisciplinary collaboration and communication. To strengthen the field we need to recruit both young and established investigators and foster career development plans that cover all disciplines. Recent research advances provide significant opportunities to have a major impact on this devastating disease. This group provides recommendations for both short- and long-term strategies that build on research strengths and opportunities established by the many members of the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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