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Aghajani Mir M. Illuminating the pathogenic role of SARS-CoV-2: Insights into competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) regulatory networks. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 122:105613. [PMID: 38844190 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The appearance of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 triggered a significant economic and health crisis worldwide, with heterogeneous molecular mechanisms that contribute to its development are not yet fully understood. Although substantial progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms behind SARS-CoV-2 infection and therapy, it continues to rank among the top three global causes of mortality due to infectious illnesses. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), being integral components across nearly all biological processes, demonstrate effective importance in viral pathogenesis. Regarding viral infections, ncRNAs have demonstrated their ability to modulate host reactions, viral replication, and host-pathogen interactions. However, the complex interactions of different types of ncRNAs in the progression of COVID-19 remains understudied. In recent years, a novel mechanism of post-transcriptional gene regulation known as "competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)" has been proposed. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and viral ncRNAs function as ceRNAs, influencing the expression of associated genes by sequestering shared microRNAs. Recent research on SARS-CoV-2 has revealed that disruptions in specific ceRNA regulatory networks (ceRNETs) contribute to the abnormal expression of key infection-related genes and the establishment of distinctive infection characteristics. These findings present new opportunities to delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, offering potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This progress paves the way for a more comprehensive understanding of ceRNETs, shedding light on the intricate mechanisms involved. Further exploration of these mechanisms holds promise for enhancing our ability to prevent viral infections and develop effective antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Aghajani Mir
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Khakdan F, Javanmard AS, Shahmoradipour P, Jahromi MJ. The fluctuations of expression profiles of critical genes in the miRNA maturation process and pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9405-9416. [PMID: 37823932 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disease known for immune-mediated demyelination, inflammatory, and neurodegeneration symptoms. Discovering molecular biomarkers to classify RRMS and SPMS patients, monitor the disease activity, and response to particular treatments is one area that has received notable attraction. MicroRNA (miRNA), a single-stranded non-coding RNA molecule, is a significant regulator of gene expression recruited in pathogenic mechanisms in diverse diseases, especially cancer and MS. Also, the relapsing-remitting features of MS exhibit that both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are effective in the progression of the disease over time. METHODS AND RESULTS It was assessed the expression patterns of the genes (Drosha, Pasha (DGCR8), and Dicer ) encoding the critical enzymes in the processing steps of miRNA maturation and major pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-β, and IL-6) in blood cells of 40 MS patients (two groups of 10 men and women in both clinical courses of RR and SPMS patients) in comparison with 20 healthy control group (10 males and 10 females). The highest transcription activity of Drosha was observed for RRMS patients (4.2 and 3.6-fold, respectively), and the expression ratio was down regulated in male and female patients with SPMS (3.9- and 3.1-fold, respectively). Considering the studied cytokines, the increase in expression ratio of IL-6 in SPMS patients and the decrease in transcript abundance of INF-α, and INF-β cytokines are consistent with the progression of the disease. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that the high and low transcriptional levels of the considered genes seem to be effective in the pathogenesis and progression of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khakdan
- Department of Biology, Farzanegan Campus, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Shahmoradipour
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
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Puranik N, Yadav D, Song M. Insight into Early Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis by Targeting Prognostic Biomarkers. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2534-2544. [PMID: 37921136 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128247471231018053737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) immune-mediated disease that mainly strikes young adults and leaves them disabled. MS is an autoimmune illness that causes the immune system to attack the brain and spinal cord. The myelin sheaths, which insulate the nerve fibers, are harmed by our own immune cells, and this interferes with brain signal transmission. Numbness, tingling, mood swings, memory problems, exhaustion, agony, vision problems, and/or paralysis are just a few of the symptoms. Despite technological advancements and significant research efforts in recent years, diagnosing MS can still be difficult. Each patient's MS is distinct due to a heterogeneous and complex pathophysiology with diverse types of disease courses. There is a pressing need to identify markers that will allow for more rapid and accurate diagnosis and prognosis assessments to choose the best course of treatment for each MS patient. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an excellent source of particular indicators associated with MS pathology. CSF contains molecules that represent pathological processes such as inflammation, cellular damage, and loss of blood-brain barrier integrity. Oligoclonal bands, neurofilaments, MS-specific miRNA, lncRNA, IgG-index, and anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies are all clinically utilised indicators for CSF in MS diagnosis. In recent years, a slew of new possible biomarkers have been presented. In this review, we look at what we know about CSF molecular markers and how they can aid in the diagnosis and differentiation of different MS forms and treatment options, and monitoring and predicting disease progression, therapy response, and consequences during such opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Puranik
- Biological Sciences Department, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Minseok Song
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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Ali Ashrafi S, Asadi M, Shanehbandi D, Sadigh Eteghad S, Fazlollahi A, Nejadghaderi SA, Shaafi S. Association between miRNA-145 and miRNA-155 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with multiple sclerosis: a case-control study. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:405. [PMID: 36329419 PMCID: PMC9632146 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction MicroRNAs (miR or miRNA) are short regulatory RNAs, which modulate post-transcriptional gene expression. Dysregulation of these molecules contributes to pathogenicity of autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Aims This study was conducted to investigate changed expression pattern of miRNA-145 and miRNA-155 in MS. Methods We collected blood samples of 75 patients with relapsing-remitting MS patients and 75 healthy controls. Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient method was used to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Also, total RNA was extracted and subjected to RT-PCR analysis. We used the Mann–Whitney U test to evaluate the differences in expression levels of target miRNAs between the groups. Results We found that expression of miRNA-145 (P = 0.012) and miRNA-155 (P = 0.005) were partly reduced in patients with relapse-remitting MS in comparison with healthy controls. The miRNA-145 had an area under curve (AUC) of 0.621 (P = 0.01) and miRNA-155 levels had an AUC of 0.625 (P = 0.008). Conclusion Decreased expression of miRNA-145 and miRNA-155 contributes to development of relapse-remitting MS, while further large scale observational studies and meta-analyses are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepide Ali Ashrafi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Asadi
- Department of Basic Oncology, Health Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asra Fazlollahi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sheida Shaafi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Ghorbani M, Mohamadynejad P, Moghanibashi M. Significant Association of rs77493513 Polymorphism in 3'-UTR of the NRG1 Gene with the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis Disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1025-1030. [PMID: 35106689 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00922-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a signaling protein that plays an important role in a variety of biological processes, including potentiate oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in the CNS, immune response regulation, and inflammation. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs77493513 is located in the untranslated region of the 3' mRNA (3'-UTR) of the NRG1 gene, which is predicted to be the binding site of several microRNAs and may play an important role in post-transcriptional regulation. Study aimed to investigate the association of SNP rs77493513 in the NRG1 gene with the risk of MS disease. In this study, genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples of 182 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 198 controls. Different genotypes of rs77493513 polymorphism were determined using RFLP-PCR technique. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 software and by t, χ2 and logistic regression tests. Our data showed that genotypes AC (OR=3.63, CI= 1.93-6.81, p<0.001) and CC (OR=7.90, CI= 4.13-15.11, p<0.001) significantly increased the risk of MS disease and C allele is risk allele. Also, AC (OR=0.16, CI= 0.04-0.63, p= 0.009) and CC (OR=0.14, CI= 0.03-0.53, p=0.04) genotypes significantly decrease the age of onset of the disease. The results show that allele C of rs77493513 polymorphism in the NRG1 gene can be a risk factor for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Ghorbani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohamadynejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Moghanibashi
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
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Beyrampour-Basmenj H, Rahmati M, Moghamddam MP, Kalan ME, Alivand M, Aliyari-Serej Z, Nastarin P, Omrani M, Khodakarimi S, Ebrahimi-Kalan A. Association between miRNAs expression and multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: A novel therapeutic approach. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Li D, Yang J, Yang Y, Liu J, Li H, Li R, Cao C, Shi L, Wu W, He K. A Timely Review of Cross-Kingdom Regulation of Plant-Derived MicroRNAs. Front Genet 2021; 12:613197. [PMID: 34012461 PMCID: PMC8126714 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.613197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of non-coding RNAs that suppress gene expression by complementary oligonucleotide binding to the sites in target messenger RNAs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that miRNAs play crucial role in virtually all cellular processes of both plants and animals, such as cell growth, cell division, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. The study of rice MIR168a has demonstrated for the first time that exogenous plant MIR168a influences cholesterol transport in mice by inhibiting low-density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 expression. Inspired by this finding, the cross-kingdom regulation of plant-derived miRNAs has drawn a lot of attention because of its capability to provide novel therapeutic agents in the treatment of miRNA deregulation-related diseases. Notably, unlike mRNA, some plant miRNAs are robust because of their 3′ end modification, high G, C content, and the protection by microvesicles, miRNAs protein cofactors or plant ingredients. The stability of these small molecules guarantees the reliability of plant miRNAs in clinical application. Although the function of endogenous miRNAs has been widely investigated, the cross-kingdom regulation of plant-derived miRNAs is still in its infancy. Herein, this review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the anti-virus, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, immune modulation, and intestinal function regulation effects of plant-derived miRNAs in mammals. It is expected that exploring the versatile role of plant-derived miRNAs may lay the foundation for further study and application of these newly recognized, non-toxic, and inexpensive plant active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Jianhui Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Rongfei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Chunya Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Liping Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Weihua Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Kai He
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Huaihua, China
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