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Hitti EG, Muazzen Z, Moghrabi W, Al-Yahya S, Khabar KSA. Hydroxychloroquine attenuates double-stranded RNA-stimulated hyper-phosphorylation of tristetraprolin/ZFP36 and AU-rich mRNA stabilization. Immunology 2024. [PMID: 39046234 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The human innate immune system recognizes dsRNA as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern that induces a potent inflammatory response. The primary source of pathogenic dsRNA is cells infected with replicating viruses, but can also be released from uninfected necrotic cells. Here, we show that the dsRNA poly(I:C) challenge in human macrophages activates the p38 MAPK-MK2 signalling pathway and subsequently the phosphorylation of tristetraprolin (TTP/ZFP36). The latter is an mRNA decay-promoting protein that controls the stability of AU-rich mRNAs (AREs) that code for many inflammatory mediators. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a common anti-malaria drug, is used to treat inflammatory and autoimmune disorders and, controversially, during acute COVID-19 disease. We found that HCQ reduced the dsRNA-dependent phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and its downstream kinase MK2. Subsequently, HCQ reduced the abundance and protein stability of the inactive (phosphorylated) form of TTP. HCQ reduced the levels and the mRNA stability of poly (I:C)-induced cytokines and inflammatory mRNAs like TNF, IL-6, COX-2, and IL-8 in THP-1 and primary blood monocytes. Our results demonstrate a new mechanism of the anti-inflammatory role of HCQ at post-transcriptional level (TTP phosphorylation) in a model of dsRNA activation, which usually occurs in viral infections or RNA release from necrotic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward G Hitti
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeyad Muazzen
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Moghrabi
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhad Al-Yahya
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S A Khabar
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Matsumoto T, Nagano T, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T, Tanaka-Totoribe N. Toll-like receptor 3 involvement in vascular function. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176842. [PMID: 39033837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining endothelial cell (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) integrity is an important component of human health and disease because both EC and VSMC regulate various functions, including vascular tone control, cellular adhesion, homeostasis and thrombosis regulation, proliferation, and vascular inflammation. Diverse stressors affect functions in both ECs and VSMCs and abnormalities of functions in these cells play a crucial role in cardiovascular disease initiation and progression. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important detectors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns derived from various microbes and viruses as well as damage-associated molecular patterns derived from damaged cells and perform innate immune responses. Among TLRs, several studies reveal that TLR3 plays a key role in initiation, development and/or protection of diseases, and an emerging body of evidence indicates that TLR3 presents components of the vasculature, including ECs and VSMCs, and plays a functional role. An agonist of TLR3, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)], affects ECs, including cell death, inflammation, chemoattractant, adhesion, permeability, and hemostasis. Poly (I:C) also affects VSMCs including inflammation, proliferation, and modulation of vascular tone. Moreover, alterations of vascular function induced by certain molecules and/or interventions are exerted through TLR3 signaling. Hence, we present the association between TLR3 and vascular function according to the latest studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsumoto
- Second Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Medical Science, Nobeoka, Miyazaki, 882-8508, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Nagano
- Second Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Medical Science, Nobeoka, Miyazaki, 882-8508, Japan
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Naoko Tanaka-Totoribe
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Medical Science, Nobeoka, Miyazaki, 882-8508, Japan
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Wei M, Yang H, Shao Z, Wan H, Wang Y, Chen W. Effect of Chloroquine on Type 2 Inflammatory Response in MC903-Induced Atopic Dermatitis Mice. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1093-1105. [PMID: 38765196 PMCID: PMC11102162 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s440308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, non-infectious inflammatory dermatosis. Chloroquine (CQ) has long been proven to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Objective This paper aims to investigate the impact of CQ on type 2 inflammatory response in MC903-induced AD mice. Methods An AD mouse model was established via MC903 induction. After CQ treatment, AD mice were intraperitoneally injected with polyinosinic: polycyclic acid [poly (I:C)] or Nigericin. Dermatitis severity was scored, and the thickness of the left ear was measured. The pathological changes in mouse skin tissues were observed by H&E staining. The number of mast cells was counted via TB staining. The content of peripheral blood T-helper 2 (Th2) cells and levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), thymic stromal-derived lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-1β, and IL-18 were assessed by flow cytometry and ELISA. The levels of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), NLRP3, ASC, and cleaved caspase-1 proteins in skin tissues were determined by Western blot. Results CQ treatment abated dermatitis severity and left ear thickness in AD mice, alleviated skin damage, reduced mast cell number, diminished IgE, TSLP, IL-4, and IL-13 levels, and peripheral blood Th2 cell content, with no significant changes in IFN-γ level. CQ alleviated type 2 inflammatory response in AD mice by inhibiting the activation of TLR3. CQ suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Activating TLR3/NLRP3 annulled CQ-mediated alleviation on type 2 inflammatory response in AD mice. Conclusion CQ alleviated type 2 inflammatory response in AD mice by inhibiting TLR3 activation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huixue Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengchao Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyue Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
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Jimenez-Uribe AP, Mangos S, Hahm E. Type I IFN in Glomerular Disease: Scarring beyond the STING. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2497. [PMID: 38473743 PMCID: PMC10931919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of nephrology has recently directed a considerable amount of attention towards the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) molecule since it appears to be a potent driver of chronic kidney disease (CKD). STING and its activator, the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), along with intracellular RIG-like receptors (RLRs) and toll-like receptors (TLRs), are potent inducers of type I interferon (IFN-I) expression. These cytokines have been long recognized as part of the mechanism used by the innate immune system to battle viral infections; however, their involvement in sterile inflammation remains unclear. Mounting evidence pointing to the involvement of the IFN-I pathway in sterile kidney inflammation provides potential insights into the complex interplay between the innate immune system and damage to the most sensitive segment of the nephron, the glomerulus. The STING pathway is often cited as one cause of renal disease not attributed to viral infections. Instead, this pathway can recognize and signal in response to host-derived nucleic acids, which are also recognized by RLRs and TLRs. It is still unclear, however, whether the development of renal diseases depends on subsequent IFN-I induction or other processes involved. This review aims to explore the main endogenous inducers of IFN-I in glomerular cells, to discuss what effects autocrine and paracrine signaling have on IFN-I induction, and to identify the pathways that are implicated in the development of glomerular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eunsil Hahm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (A.P.J.-U.); (S.M.)
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Tu J, Zheng N, Mao C, Liu S, Zhang H, Sun L. UC-BSCs Exosomes Regulate Th17/Treg Balance in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus via miR-19b/KLF13. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244123. [PMID: 36552891 PMCID: PMC9777319 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UC-BSCs) are cells with low immunogenicity and differentiation potential, and the transfer of exosomes carried by UC-BSCs can regulate innate and adaptive immunity and affect immune homeostasis. This is an area of focus for autoimmune illnesses such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The target of this research was to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of exosomes produced from mesenchymal stem cells on SLE and its mechanism. After isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the SLE group and healthy group and treatment of SLE-derived PBMCs with UC-BSC-derived exosomes, the mRNA levels of corresponding factors in cells under different treatments were determined by RT-PCR, Th17/Treg content was analyzed by FCM (flow cytometry), and the targeted binding of microRNA-19b (miR-19b) to KLF13 was identified by in vitro experiments and bioinformatics analysis. The findings demonstrated that PBMC cells from SLE patients had higher proportions of Th17 subsets than the control group, whereas Treg subgroups with lower percentages were discovered. miR-19b's expression level was markedly reduced, which was inversely associated to the concentration of KLF13. In vitro experiments show that UC-BSC-derived exosome treatment can target KLF13 expression by increasing the miR-19b level, thereby regulating Th17/Treg balance and inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors. According to the study's findings, SLE patients have dysregulated expression of the genes miR-19b and KLF13, and UC-BSC exosomes could regulate Th17/Treg cell balance and inflammatory factor expression in SLE patients through miR-19b/KLF13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Tu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chentong Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Correspondence:
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Karasawa T, Sato R, Imaizumi T, Hashimoto S, Fujita M, Aizawa T, Tsugawa K, Kawaguchi S, Seya K, Terui K, Tanaka H. Glomerular endothelial expression of type I IFN-stimulated gene, DExD/H-Box helicase 60 via toll-like receptor 3 signaling: possible involvement in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. Ren Fail 2022; 44:137-145. [PMID: 35392757 PMCID: PMC9004514 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2027249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sustained type I interferon (IFN) activation via Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, 7 and 9 signaling has been reported to play a pivotal role in the development of lupus nephritis (LN). Although type I IFN activation has been shown to induce interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression in systemic lupus erythematosus, the implication of ISGs expression in intrinsic glomerular cells remains largely unknown. Methods We treated cultured human glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly IC), R848, and CpG (TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 agonists, respectively) and analyzed the expression of DExD/H-Box Helicase 60 (DDX60), a representative ISG, using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Additionally, RNA interference against IFN-β or DDX60 was performed. Furthermore, cleavage of caspase 9 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), markers of cells undergoing apoptosis, was examined using western blotting. We conducted an immunofluorescence study to examine endothelial DDX60 expression in biopsy specimens from patients with LN. Results We observed that endothelial expression of DDX60 was induced by poly IC but not by R848 or CpG, and RNA interference against IFN-β inhibited poly IC-induced DDX60 expression. DDX60 knockdown induced cleavage of caspase 9 and PARP. Intense endothelial DDX60 expression was observed in biopsy specimens from patients with diffuse proliferative LN. Conclusion Glomerular endothelial DDX60 expression may prevent apoptosis, which is involved in the pathogenesis of LN. Modulating the upregulation of the regional innate immune system via TLR3 signaling may be a promising treatment target for LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Karasawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Riko Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shun Hashimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomomi Aizawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Koji Tsugawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Seya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kiminori Terui
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of School Health Science, Hirosaki University Faculty of Education, Hirosaki, Japan
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Sato R, Aizawa T, Imaizumi T, Tsugawa K, Kawaguchi S, Seya K, Terui K, Tanaka H. Effect of sera from lupus patients on the glomerular endothelial fibrinolysis system. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e15099. [PMID: 35522716 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of the coagulation fibrinolysis system in resident glomerular cells is associated with the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. However, the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in resident glomerular cells remains undetermined. METHODS We examined the expression of PAI-1 and tPA mRNA in cultured normal human glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) treated with serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions. We determined the relationship between PAI-1/tPA mRNA expression and several clinical/laboratory parameters. Serum from 16 patients (nine patients with new-onset SLE and seven patients with stable SLE) was used in the study. RESULTS Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and tPA mRNA expression was significantly higher in GECs treated with serum of patients with new-onset SLE than other groups. The PAI-1 and tPA mRNA levels were also significantly correlated in GECs treated with serum from patients with SLE. Interestingly, both PAI-1 and tPA mRNA levels in GECs were inversely correlated with serum C4 level and positively correlated with SLE disease activity. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that serum from patients with SLE may activate the fibrinolysis system in glomerulus, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riko Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomomi Aizawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Koji Tsugawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Seya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kiminori Terui
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of School Health Science, Hirosaki University Faculty of Education, Hirosaki, Japan
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