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Domaradzki J. Can popular films instil carcinophobia? Images of cancer in popular Polish cinema. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1062286. [PMID: 36568191 PMCID: PMC9768482 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1062286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although cancer is currently considered a serious socio-medical challenge and health education in Poland has been positioned as a public health priority, the impact of popular culture on people's ideas about cancer has been neglected. This study therefore aims to analyse the way popular Polish films portray cancer and the experience of cancer. Material and Methods Seven popular Polish films featuring cancer were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The main categories included in the coding frame were disease, therapy, patient, physicians/oncologists and psychosocial issuses related to cancer. Results Polish films fail to provide the audience with basic information about the disease, its diagnoses and treatment and cancer is often represented as a mysterious disease with an unclear cause, an unpredictable and unsuccessful course of treatment, characterised by pain, suffering and inevitable death. Films may therefore instil carcinophobia. Since films accurately reflect problems of daily life faced by cancer patients and their families they have educational potential. Conclusion Although Polish films reinforce harmful stereotypes about cancer, its treatment, oncological institutions and specialists, cinema has the ability to raise the public's and health professionals' awareness regarding the psycho-social and emotional strains faced by cancer patients and the medical problems related to cancer.
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Domaradzki J. Can popular films instil carcinophobia? Images of cancer in popular Polish cinema. Front Oncol 2022; 12. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.1062286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAlthough cancer is currently considered a serious socio-medical challenge and health education in Poland has been positioned as a public health priority, the impact of popular culture on people’s ideas about cancer has been neglected. This study therefore aims to analyse the way popular Polish films portray cancer and the experience of cancer.Material and MethodsSeven popular Polish films featuring cancer were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The main categories included in the coding frame were disease, therapy, patient, physicians/oncologists and psychosocial issuses related to cancer.ResultsPolish films fail to provide the audience with basic information about the disease, its diagnoses and treatment and cancer is often represented as a mysterious disease with an unclear cause, an unpredictable and unsuccessful course of treatment, characterised by pain, suffering and inevitable death. Films may therefore instil carcinophobia. Since films accurately reflect problems of daily life faced by cancer patients and their families they have educational potential.ConclusionAlthough Polish films reinforce harmful stereotypes about cancer, its treatment, oncological institutions and specialists, cinema has the ability to raise the public’s and health professionals’ awareness regarding the psycho-social and emotional strains faced by cancer patients and the medical problems related to cancer.
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Garrouteigt C, Broc G, Legrand A, Quintard B, Beylot-Barry M. Facilitators of and obstacles to consultation in patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma: a French pilot study. Arch Dermatol Res 2021; 313:829-835. [PMID: 33433714 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-020-02175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin cancer for which surgery is usually the unique and definitive treatment. Advanced basal cell carcinoma is not eligible to surgery when underlying structures are destroyed. Delayed consultation is the principal cause of advanced basal cell carcinoma. It is questionable why some patients seek care only when the tumour is advanced. The objective of this study was to identify the psychosocial factors involved in delayed consultation. We used a qualitative approach, conducting semi-structured interviews with advanced basal cell carcinoma patients and the healthcare staff of a dermatology unit to explore why some patients consult only when basal cell carcinoma is advanced. We then put our findings into perspective and created a logical model for change. We interviewed 14 patients and 12 healthcare staff. The first lesion was associated with banalization. Then, denial and fear of diagnosis or treatment were post common. Finally, the advanced basal cell carcinoma's symptoms, along with social pressure, created the intention to seek medical help and improved disease awareness. We developed a logical model that summarizes these findings. In this pilot study, we modelled factors that delayed consultation. This will aid future research and targeted interventions reducing delay, in particular by improving knowledge and by using social pressure as facilitators. Trial registration: NCT04124796.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Garrouteigt
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, 1, rue Jean Burguet, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Broc
- Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, University of Montpellier, EPSYLON EA 4556, Montpellier, France
| | - Adeline Legrand
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, 1, rue Jean Burguet, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bruno Quintard
- INSERM UMR 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team: Handicap, Activity, Cognition, Health, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Beylot-Barry
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, 1, rue Jean Burguet, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
- INSERM U1053, UMR Bariton, Oncogenesis of Cutaneous Lymphoma, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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Decreasing the Impact of Anxiety on Cancer Prevention through Online Intervention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030985. [PMID: 32033271 PMCID: PMC7038157 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Low levels of public knowledge, incorrect beliefs, and anxiety are the most often mentioned factors that may negatively affect the implementation of preventive campaigns and timely diagnosis of cancer. Cancer is a major unresolved problem for global public health. As a result, many effective preventive measures need to be found and implemented. Methods: For a duration of 18 months, readers of the Polish scientific Internet portal were invited to participate in the Polish On-line Randomized Intervention aimed at Neoplasm Avoidance (PORINA) study. Level of cancer-related anxiety was our main measure (self-declared on a simple five-point Likert scale) in this analysis. Results: A total of 463 participants were qualified for the final analysis. Respondents with a positive family history of cancer (p < 0.001) declared the highest level of cancer-related anxiety, whereas lower levels were declared by those previously treated for cancer (p = 0.006). The conducted educational intervention reduced the declared level of cancer-related anxiety. Conclusions: The results of this study provide evidence that the use of web-based interventions aimed at increasing awareness could reduce cancer-related anxiety and may lead to more frequent consent to undergo some of the medical procedures used to diagnose or treat cancer.
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Cunningham SA, Yu R, Shih T, Giordano S, McNeill LH, Rechis R, Peterson SK, Cinciripini P, Foxhall L, Hawk E, Shete S. Cancer-Related Risk Perceptions and Beliefs in Texas: Findings from a 2018 Population-Level Survey. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:486-494. [PMID: 30700446 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer beliefs and perceptions of cancer risk affect the cancer continuum. Identifying underlying factors associated with these beliefs and perceptions in Texas can help inform and target prevention efforts. METHODS We developed a cancer-focused questionnaire and administered it online to a nonprobability sample of the Texas population. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis identified key factors associated with perceptions and beliefs about cancer. RESULTS The study population comprised 2,034 respondents (median age, 44.4 years) of diverse ethnicity: 45.5% were non-Hispanic white, 10.6% non-Hispanic black, and 35.7% Hispanic. Self-reported depression was significantly associated with cancer risk perceptions and cancer beliefs. Those indicating frequent and infrequent depression versus no depression were more likely to believe that: (i) compared to other people their age, they were more likely to get cancer in their lifetime [OR, 2.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.95-4.39 and OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.17-2.74, respectively]; and (ii) when they think about cancer, they automatically think about death (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.56-2.69 and OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.11-1.92, respectively). Frequent depression versus no depression was also associated with agreement that (i) it seems like everything causes cancer (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.26-2.22) and (ii) there is not much one can do to lower one's chance of getting cancer (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.09-1.89). Other predictors for perceived cancer risk and/or cancer beliefs were sex, age, ethnicity/race, being born in the United States, marital status, income, body mass index, and smoking. CONCLUSIONS Depression and other predictors are associated with cancer risk perceptions and beliefs in Texas. IMPACT Increased attention to reducing depression may improve cancer risk perceptions and beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A Cunningham
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tina Shih
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sharon Giordano
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lorna H McNeill
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ruth Rechis
- Cancer Prevention and Control Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan K Peterson
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul Cinciripini
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lewis Foxhall
- Office of Health Policy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ernest Hawk
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Bylinka J, Oniszczenko W. Temperament, Beliefs About Pain Control, and Pain Intensity in Endometriosis Patients. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2018; 23:410-419. [PMID: 27738846 PMCID: PMC5131087 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-016-9473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This correlational study investigated the relationships between temperament, beliefs about pain control, and pain intensity ratings in a group of 103 women diagnosed with endometriosis. Temperament traits were assessed using the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour-Temperament Inventory. Beliefs about pain control were measured using the Polish version of the Beliefs about Pain Control Questionnaire. The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS-11) was used to measure pain intensity. There was a high negative correlation between the temperament trait of endurance and pain intensity ratings. Moderate negative correlations with pain intensity were found for internal beliefs about pain control. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that the endurance trait and internal beliefs about pain control accounted for 33 % of the variance in pain intensity ratings in women with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bylinka
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, 00-183, Warsaw, Poland
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Synowiec-Piłat M, Pałęga A. Fear of cancer and older people's beliefs about cancer treatment in Poland. J Psychosoc Oncol 2017; 36:97-112. [PMID: 28786776 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2017.1357665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Throughout Europe and the United States, more than 60% of all cancer incidents occur in older people. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the level of fear people have regarding cancer and older people's beliefs about cancer pain, cancer treatment, and the curability of cancer. We conducted a survey in 2012, in which the sample was comprised of 910 adult residents of Wroclaw, Poland, to ascertain the beliefs people have about cancer and the degree of fear people have with respect to cancer. The majority of the respondents reported having a high level of fear, and this level of fear increased with age. Moreover, the oldest people (65 years and above) expressed fatalistic beliefs with respect to cancer. Our observations may guide health promotion campaigns and cancer prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Pałęga
- b Department of Pedagogy , College of Management "Edukacja" , Wrocław , Poland
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Knowledge of cancer symptoms and anxiety affect patient delay in seeking diagnosis in patients with heterogeneous cancer locations. Curr Probl Cancer 2017; 41:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Synowiec-Piłat M. Older people’s beliefs on prevention and etiology of cancer in Poland. Implications for health promotion. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/anre-2015-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Poland is among the countries with the highest mortality rates from cancer, and 75% of deaths from cancer occur after the age of 60. In the case of cancer, particular attention should be paid to beliefs people have in society. Aim of research: To learn about older people’s beliefs about the importance of preventive oncology care, individual’s responsibility for getting cancer, and the etiology of cancer. We analyzed the association between beliefs about cancer and the age of the respondents. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in 2012 with a sample of 910 adult residents of Wrocław. An interview questionnaire was used. The article presents data on older adults (aged older than 56 years) (N = 188). Results: The vast majority of respondents recognize the need to engage in preventive oncology care. Only 5% of respondents hold fatalistic beliefs, 50% of older adults believe that “if someone is sick with cancer, it does not depend on them”. An association was confirmed that the oldest adults (65 years and older) are more likely to agree with the above statement, 34% disagree with the belief that “if someone is sick with cancer it depends largely on the lifestyle and the environment”. Discussion: In developing strategies for cancer prevention aimed at older adults, special attention should be paid to raising awareness about the impact of lifestyle on cancer incidence, increasing the sense of responsibility for their health, and reducing older adult’s “external locus of control” beliefs.
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McCutchan GM, Wood F, Edwards A, Richards R, Brain KE. Influences of cancer symptom knowledge, beliefs and barriers on cancer symptom presentation in relation to socioeconomic deprivation: a systematic review. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:1000. [PMID: 26698112 PMCID: PMC4688960 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People from lower socioeconomic groups have worse survival outcomes for cancer, which in part reflects later-stage disease at diagnosis. The mechanisms underlying delayed cancer symptom presentation in lower socioeconomic groups are not well understood. METHODS Systematic review of studies of actual or anticipated symptom presentation across all tumour sites. Included studies measured socioeconomic group, symptom presentation and one or more of the following variables: cancer symptom knowledge, beliefs about cancer, barriers/facilitators to symptom presentation. RESULTS A total of 60 studies was included. Symptom knowledge overall was lowest and actual presentation time was longest in lower socioeconomic groups. Knowledge for specific symptoms such as lumps and bleeding was good and encouraged timely symptom presentation, in contrast to non-specific symptoms which were not well recognised. The combination of fearful and fatalistic beliefs was typically associated with later presentation, especially in lower socioeconomic groups. Emotional barriers such as 'worry what the doctor might find' were more frequently reported in lower socioeconomic groups, and there was evidence to suggest that disclosing symptoms to family/friends could help or hinder early presentation. CONCLUSIONS Poor symptom knowledge, fearful and fatalistic beliefs about cancer, and emotional barriers combine to prolong symptom presentation among lower socioeconomic groups. Targeted interventions should utilise social networks to improve knowledge of non-specific symptoms, challenge negative beliefs and encourage help-seeking, in order to reduce avoidable delays and minimise socioeconomic group inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M McCutchan
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK.
| | - Fiona Wood
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK.
| | - Adrian Edwards
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK.
| | - Rebecca Richards
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK.
| | - Kate E Brain
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK.
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Mitchell JA, Manning M, Shires D, Chapman RA, Burnett J. Fatalistic Beliefs About Cancer Prevention Among Older African American Men. Res Aging 2015; 37:606-22. [PMID: 25651585 PMCID: PMC4334730 DOI: 10.1177/0164027514546697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence suggests that minority groups are more likely to exhibit fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention (FBCP), which are defined as confusion, pessimism, and helplessness about one's ability to prevent cancer. This study examines the socioeconomic and psychosocial predictors of FBCP among older African American men (AAM). METHODS AAM (N = 1,666) enrolled in Medicare and participating in a longitudinal study on patient navigation were surveyed. Measures included three FBCP constructs, namely demographic items and physical and mental health variables. Binary logistic regression was performed. RESULTS The average participant was 73.6 years old; 76.5% felt helpless, 44.2% were confused, and 40.7% were pessimistic about the ability to prevent cancer. As education increased, so did all three FBCP. Being downhearted was predictive of confused and helpless beliefs. DISCUSSION It is critical for health practitioners to understand how psychosocial and economic challenges influence beliefs that may impede cancer prevention efforts for older AAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Mitchell
- School of Social Work and Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, 4756 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, , Phone: (313) 577-4408, Fax: (313) 577-8770
| | - Mark Manning
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R - MM03BF, Detroit, MI 48201, , Phone: 313-576-8703, Fax: 313-576-8270
| | - Deirdre Shires
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Thompson Home, 4756 Cass Avenue, , Detroit, MI, 48202, Phone: 313-577-4400
| | - Robert A. Chapman
- Division Head, Hematology/Oncology, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd # K9 Detroit, MI 48202, (313) 916-2719,
| | - Janice Burnett
- Josephine Ford Cancer Center, Senior Support, 3031 West Grand Blvd, suite 621, Detroit, MI 48202, 313-916-9228,
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Fish JA, Prichard I, Ettridge K, Grunfeld EA, Wilson C. Psychosocial factors that influence men's help-seeking for cancer symptoms: a systematic synthesis of mixed methods research. Psychooncology 2015. [PMID: 26202128 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Effectiveness of cancer control partly depends upon early identification and treatment. Men appear to be more likely to delay help-seeking for symptoms, resulting in later diagnosis. This review aims to provide a mixed research synthesis of the psychosocial barriers to and facilitators of help-seeking for cancer symptoms among men. METHODS Systematic methods were followed, including a predefined research question and search strategy. Searches retrieved 7131 international records from online databases: MEDLINE (n = 3011), PubMed (n = 471), SCOPUS (n = 896), Informit (n = 131), PsychINFO (n = 347), and Web of Science (n = 2275). Forty studies were eligible for inclusion in the review (25 qualitative studies, 11 quantitative studies, and 4 mixed-method studies). RESULTS There was strong observational evidence for several psychosocial barriers to men's help-seeking behaviour: low cancer knowledge and inaccurate symptom interpretation, embarrassment and fear, and conformity to masculine gender role norms. The strongest facilitating factor associated with men's help-seeking behaviour was encouragement and support of spouses and family members. The majority of research was qualitative and used small samples, making generalisations to the wider population difficult. CONCLUSIONS Men's help-seeking for cancer symptoms is influenced by several psychosocial factors, which, in part, may be gender-specific. Health promotion initiatives to improve help-seeking behaviour among men should aim to increase cancer knowledge, reduce embarrassment and fear, address social norms deterring timely help-seeking, and acknowledge informal help-seeking with spouses and family members. Increasing the theoretical grounding of research could aid cohesion across the research area and the design of effective health promotion interventions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Fish
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ivanka Prichard
- Social Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kerry Ettridge
- Population Health Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Carlene Wilson
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Cancer Council SA, Eastwood, South Australia, Australia
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Appleton L, Wyatt D, Perkins E, Parker C, Crane J, Jones A, Moorhead L, Brown V, Wall C, Pagett M. The impact of prostate cancer on men's everyday life. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2014; 24:71-84. [DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Appleton
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust; Wirral UK
| | - D. Wyatt
- University of Chester/Clatterbridge Cancer Centre; Faculty of Health and Social Care; University of Chester; Chester UK
| | - E. Perkins
- Health and Community Care Research Unit; Institute of Psychology, Health and Society; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | - C. Parker
- Urology; Aintree University Hospital; Liverpool UK
| | - J. Crane
- School of Health Sciences; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | | | | | - V. Brown
- Hospice of the Good Shepherd; Chester UK
| | - C. Wall
- Faculty of Education Health and Community; Liverpool John Moores University; Liverpool UK
| | - M. Pagett
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust; Wirral UK
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