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van Allen Z, Presseau J. A multiple behaviour temporal network analysis for health behaviours during COVID-19. Br J Health Psychol 2024. [PMID: 39198699 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the temporal dynamics of multiple health behaviours (physical activity, alcohol consumption, healthy eating, cigarette consumption, recreational drug use, vaping), and pandemic-related health behaviours (e.g., hand washing, physical distancing) using network psychometrics. DESIGN The International COVID-19 Awareness and Responses Evaluation (iCARE) study is an international multi-wave observational cohort study of public awareness, attitudes, and responses to public health policies implemented to reduce the spread of COVID-19 on people around the world. A sub-sample of longitudinal data from Canadians (n = 254) was analysed across four waves (February-July 2020). METHODS We used temporal network models to fit temporal networks, contemporaneous networks, and between-subject networks from items within the iCARE survey. RESULTS Positive temporal associations were observed between physical activity and healthy eating, and a bidirectional relationship was evident between outdoor mask use and vaping. A contemporaneous network revealed positive associations between consumption behaviours (vaping, cigarette use, alcohol use, and recreational drug use), and negative associations between physical activity and drug use, and healthy eating and cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS Health behaviours are interconnected and can be modelled as networks or behavioural systems. The application of temporal network analysis to the study of multiple health behaviours is well suited to address key research questions in the field such as 'how do multiple health behaviours co-vary with one another over time'. Future research using time series data and measuring affective and cognitive mediators of behaviour, in addition to health behaviours, has the potential to contribute valuable hypothesis-generating insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zack van Allen
- Methodological and Implementation Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Presseau
- Methodological and Implementation Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Gao X, Cheng M, Zhang R. The relationship between physical activity and the health of primary and secondary school teachers: the chain mediating effects of body image and self-efficacy. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:562. [PMID: 38388344 PMCID: PMC10882871 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active health is a new concept, model, and system to maintain the state of whole-person health. In the context of the increasingly serious health problems of primary and secondary school teachers, it is of great significance to explore the relationship between physical activity and primary and secondary school teachers' health based on the active health perspective. METHODS The survey involving 741 primary and secondary school teachers across representative provinces in China utilized the International Physical Activity Scale, Body Imagery State Scale, and General Self-Efficacy Scale. Data analysis employed SPSS 25.0 and Amos 24.0 software. RESULTS While no significant gender disparities were observed in body image and self-efficacy, age groups exhibited a bipartite and "V" shaped distribution. Female teachers demonstrated higher physical activity levels (2456.46) and superior physical fitness compared to males (2297.86). A positive correlation emerged between physical activity, body image, self-efficacy, and health status. Importantly, body image and self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between physical activity and health status, accounting for 82.31% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS Primary and secondary school teachers have real problems such as teachers' physical activity is generally insufficient, teachers' body image status is generally poor, and teachers' self-efficacy is low; physical activity is an important factor in promoting primary and secondary school teachers' health status, and low, medium, and high levels of activity all have a promoting effect on the health of primary and secondary school teachers, and the more active primary and secondary school teachers are in terms of physical activity, the better their body image, self-efficacy, and health status are, and the more active primary and secondary school teachers are in terms of physical activity, the more positive the physical activity, self-efficacy, and health status are. The more physically active primary and secondary school teachers are, the better their physical intention, self-efficacy and health status are. SUGGESTIONS improve the quality and effectiveness, promote the concept of active health among teachers; empower teachers, strengthen the institutional protection of teachers' health; reduce the burden and increase the quantity,and optimise the supply of health services for teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Gao
- Physical Health and Art Education Research Center, China National Academy of Educational Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Meichao Cheng
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Korea
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Fakhoury KR, Hu J, Kim E, Hansen KA, Koval TR, Wolff K, Foote-Pearce MC, Karam SD, Stavas MJ. An Integrative Medicine Educational Program for Radiation Oncology Patients: Patient-Reported Outcomes. Adv Radiat Oncol 2024; 9:101350. [PMID: 38405305 PMCID: PMC10885552 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2023.101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Complementary health approaches (CHAs) equip patients to self-manage radiation therapy (RT)-related symptoms and fulfill unmet needs, but few disclose CHA use to their radiation oncologist. An integrative medicine educational program (IMEP) was developed to assess its ability to improve patient self-efficacy for symptom management and CHA use disclosure. Methods and Materials The IMEP included 4 1-hour sessions covering topics of (1) meditation, (2) yoga, (3) massage therapy, and (4) nutrition. Individuals over age 18 years and actively receiving RT were administered presession and postsession surveys. The primary outcomes were intention to disclose CHA use and self-efficacy. Qualitative data were assessed with a thematic approach. Results Overall, 23 patients attended 1 or more sessions, yielding 43 completed surveys. Compared with 35.9% of participants who had disclosed CHA use before the session, 67.4% intended to disclose after the session. Of the 5 self-efficacy statements, there were significant improvements in "I have ownership over my health" (increase of 0.42; 95% CI, 0.07-0.77; P = .01), "I have tools to manage my disease on my own" (1.14; 95% CI, 0.42-1.87; P = .001), and "I have control over my cancer" (0.96; 95% CI, 0.39-1.53; P < .001). Barriers to involvement included transportation, timing relative to RT appointment, and poor performance status. Conclusions A radiation-specific IMEP resulted in a high rate of intention to disclose CHA use and improvements in patients' reported self-efficacy to manage radiation-related symptoms. However, substantial resources were needed to deliver the IMEP. Future work must focus on increasing accessibility through telehealth and flexible timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem R. Fakhoury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jungxiao Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ellen Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn A. Hansen
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Taylor R. Koval
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kathleen Wolff
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Sana Dole Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Amr RA, Al-Smadi AM, Deiranieh RA, Amr RA, Mayyas AH, Akasheh RT. Understanding the Association of Self-Efficacy, Mood, and Demographics with Physical Activity in Syrian and Iraqi Refugees: A Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan. ScientificWorldJournal 2023; 2023:8876254. [PMID: 37766862 PMCID: PMC10522438 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8876254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This cross-sectional study aimed at investigating the influence of sociodemographic factors on physical activity among Syrian and Iraqi refugees in Jordan. In addition, it sought to determine the predictive ability of self-efficacy and mood in relation to the level of physical activity in this population. Methods A convenient sample of refugees residing in Jordanian cities was collected. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire pack consisting of a demographic data sheet, a physical activity level questionnaire, the Brunel Mood Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze demographic details, while the chi-square test examined the association between physical activity and demographic factors. The independent t-test assessed differences in self-efficacy and mood subscales in relation to physical activity. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify potential predictors of the two categories of physical activity. Results Most participants reported low levels of physical activity. The frequency of moderate-to-high physical activity was higher in male participants, those with higher education, better health, and higher income. Compared to participants of low physical activity, those in the moderate-to-high physical activity category expressed significantly higher mean score of self-efficacy but lower mean scores of tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, and confusion, indicating better mood. The logistic regression analysis for physical activity indicated that the model was significant for education, income, good health perception, self-efficacy, and one mood subscale (vigor), with these variables collectively accounting for 11-18% of the variance (P value <0.001). Conclusion The higher physical activity level is significantly associated with being male, higher education, higher income, better health, higher self-efficacy, and increased vigor. These findings highlight the importance of considering sociodemographic factors and psychological aspects, such as self-efficacy and mood, when addressing physical activity among refugees in Jordan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rula A. Amr
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
| | - Ahmed M. Al-Smadi
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Rula A. Deiranieh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Processing, Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan
| | - Romel A. Amr
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic, St George's University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Amal H. Mayyas
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
| | - Rand T. Akasheh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Zhu L, Hou J, Zhou B, Xiao X, Wang J. The relationship between exercise intention and behavior of Chinese college students: A moderated mediation model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1006007. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1006007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Inconsistency between intention and behavior is very common in daily life. This study explored the intention-behavior relationship in exercise, focusing on the mediating effect of action planning and the moderating effects of habit strength and gender. For the purpose of providing theoretical reference for the implementation of intervention strategies in the volitional phase, a total of 489 college students (M-age = 20.61, 57.46% female) from Hubei Province, China, were recruited to complete the questionnaire at two time points. The findings showed that exercise intention could positively predict exercise behavior via the mediating effect of action planning, with the mediating effect accounting for 48.52% of the total effect. The predictive effect of action planning × habit strength interaction on exercise behavior was statistically significant. As individuals’ levels of habitual strength increased, so did the relationship between action plans and exercise behavior. The action planning-exercise behavior relationship was stronger in males than in females. In summary, action planning is a very important predictor of the post-intentional phase and has many advantages. For individuals whose exercise has become habitualized, forming a plan is not counterproductive and can still promote more exercise rather than in a mutually compensating manner.
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Svartdal F, Løkke JA. The ABC of academic procrastination: Functional analysis of a detrimental habit. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1019261. [PMID: 36405131 PMCID: PMC9669985 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1019261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Academic procrastination – habitually delaying work with academic tasks to the extent that the delays become detrimental to performance, wellbeing, and health – represents a substantial personal, systemic, and societal problem. Still, efforts to prevent and reduce it are surprisingly scarce and often offered as treatment regimens rather than preventive efforts. Based on the principles of functional analysis and a broad examination of factors that are important for academic procrastinatory behaviors, this paper aims to describe a strategy for analyzing individual controlling conditions for procrastination and give parallel advice on how to change those controlling conditions. Both are ideographic, allowing for individual and dynamic analyses of factors responsible for instigating and maintaining procrastination, as well as tailor-made remedies that address controlling conditions in preventive and curative efforts to reduce procrastination. Although functional analysis integrates well with important research findings in the procrastination field, this approach suggests new criteria for identifying procrastinatory behaviors and an alternative model for analyzing their control conditions. We conclude that a functional approach may supplement procrastination research and efforts to prevent and alleviate this detrimental habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode Svartdal
- Department of Psychology UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- *Correspondence: Frode Svartdal,
| | - Jon Arne Løkke
- Department of Welfare, Management and Organisation, Østfold University College, Halden, Østfold, Norway
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Start moving - benefits of an onsite workplace health program in the age of digitalization. J Occup Med Toxicol 2021; 16:46. [PMID: 34641949 PMCID: PMC8507352 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-021-00338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The process of digitization should simplify our work and improve related processes (i.e. quality, transparency). Moreover, it enables the home office, which is greatly expanded due to the current pandemic. Regarding workplace health, it should be noted that with increasing digitization, physical activity decreases, and as a result, the number of work-related diseases will increase. On the other hand, increasing digitization also offers promising opportunities for new approaches to workplace health promotion. With these positive as well as negative effects in mind, we designed a workshop to increase physical activity at work. This protocol describes our approach to a live workshop concept. Methods We use a randomized controlled trial with two intervention groups: a live workshop with and without additional reminders. The workshop intervention design consists of a baseline measurement, two workshops, and one follow-up measurement. Each workshop takes place in small groups (n < 11). We use a randomized allocation to both groups. To control for health-related effects and the expected behavior change we examine (i) physical activity (i.e. active time, taken steps, etc.) by a tracking device (ii) physical wellbeing, motivation, and volition by an online questionnaire, and (iii) participants also report physical activity by a diary. All measurements are taken one week before the respective workshop and 24 weeks after the initial baseline measures. Discussion A live workshop offers advantages such as very personal interactions and a low technical effort. However, during the current pandemic, there are some limitations (i.e. small groups, pay attention to hygienic guidelines). Based on the upcoming experiences of this workshop, a web-based approach might offer some advantages (i.e. easier daily implementation, independent from a participant’s location) regarding home office workplaces and the increasing digitization. On the other hand, there are also mandatory requirements as a stable internet connection and technical equipment (i.e. webcam, microphone). Overall, a step by step development of a web-based workshop, based on the experience of the live workshop, can be regarded as advantageous. Trial registration Since this article reports a health promotion intervention concept with human participants, we registered it in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS). Number:DRKS00021512, Date:30.10.2020.
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Alyahya MS, Al-Sheyab NA, Alqudah JA, Younis OB, Khader YS. Effect of Multimedia Messaging Service on Exercise Self-efficacy in Diabetic Patients. Am J Health Behav 2021; 45:902-915. [PMID: 34702437 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.45.5.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To increase patients' self-efficacy for initiation of physical activity, there is a need to include physical activity into patient education in clinic settings. In this study, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of multimedia messaging service (MMS) education on exercise self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: We used a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design to study 98 patients with T2DM. The intervention group received MMS education targeting exercise self-efficacy for 2 months, and the control group received routine care only. Patients in both groups completed the Exercise Self-efficacy scale at 3 stages (at baseline, at 4 weeks, and at 8 weeks post-intervention). Results: We found a slight increase between baseline, first follow-up, and second follow-up in interpersonal and competing demands factors in the intervention group (p = .002, p = .001, respectively), but no improvement in the control group in any of the 3 factors over time (p > .05). Also, Cohen's d values indicated a medium effect size in all exercise self-efficacy subscales (interpersonal [0.734], competing demands [0.665], and internal feelings [0.696]). Conclusions: Health education using theoretically-based MMS targeting exercise self-efficacy was effective and affordable in promoting and changing patients' beliefs and physical activity behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. Alyahya
- Mohammad S. Alyahya, Associate Professor, Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan;,
| | - Nihaya A. Al-Sheyab
- Nihaya A. Al-Sheyab, Professor of Child and Adolescent Health, Allied Medical Sciences Department/Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid,
Jordan
| | - Jumana A. Alqudah
- Jumana A. Alqudah, Department of Public Health, Community Medicine and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Othman Beni Younis
- Othman Beni Younis, MD, Clinical Assistant Professor of Family Medicine, Department of Public Health, Community Medicine and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yousef S. Khader
- Yousef S. Khader, Professor of Epidemiology, Medical Education and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Community Medicine and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid,
Jordan
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Menheere D, Janssen M, Funk M, van der Spek E, Lallemand C, Vos S. Runner's Perceptions of Reasons to Quit Running: Influence of Gender, Age and Running-Related Characteristics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176046. [PMID: 32825266 PMCID: PMC7503581 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity has become a major public health concern and, consequently, the awareness of striving for a healthy lifestyle has increased. As a result, the popularity of recreational sports, such as running, has increased. Running is known for its low threshold to start and its attractiveness for a heterogeneous group of people. Yet, one can still observe high drop-out rates among (novice) runners. To understand the reasons for drop-out as perceived by runners, we investigate potential reasons to quit running among short distance runners (5 km and 10 km) (n = 898). Data used in this study were drawn from the standardized online Eindhoven Running Survey 2016 (ERS16). Binary logistic regressions were used to investigate the relation between reasons to quit running and different variables like socio-demographic variables, running habits and attitudes, interests, and opinions (AIOs) on running. Our results indicate that, not only people of different gender and age show significant differences in perceived reasons to quit running, also running habits, (e.g., running context and frequency) and AIOs are related to perceived reasons to quit running too. With insights into these related variables, potential drop-out reasons could help health professionals in understanding and lowering drop-out rates among recreational runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Menheere
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (M.J.); (M.F.); (E.v.d.S.); (C.L.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mark Janssen
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (M.J.); (M.F.); (E.v.d.S.); (C.L.); (S.V.)
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, 5644 HZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mathias Funk
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (M.J.); (M.F.); (E.v.d.S.); (C.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Erik van der Spek
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (M.J.); (M.F.); (E.v.d.S.); (C.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Carine Lallemand
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (M.J.); (M.F.); (E.v.d.S.); (C.L.); (S.V.)
- HCI Research Group, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, 4365 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Steven Vos
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (M.J.); (M.F.); (E.v.d.S.); (C.L.); (S.V.)
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, 5644 HZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Cholerton R, Breckon J, Butt J, Quirk H. Experiences Influencing Walking Football Initiation in 55- to 75-Year-Old Adults: A Qualitative Study. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:521-533. [PMID: 31825889 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adults aged 55 and older are least likely to play sport. Despite research suggesting this population experiences physical and psychological benefits when doing so, limited research focuses on older adult sport initiation, especially in "adapted sports" such as walking football. The aim of this study was to explore initiation experiences of walking football players between 55 and 75 years old. Semistructured interviews took place with 17 older adults playing walking football for 6 months minimum (Mage = 64). Inductive analysis revealed six higher order themes representing preinitiation influences. Eight further higher order themes were found, relating to positive and negative experiences during initiation. Fundamental influences preinitiation included previous sporting experiences and values and perceptions. Emergent positive experiences during initiation included mental development and social connections. Findings highlight important individual and social influences when initiating walking football, which should be considered when encouraging 55- to 75-year-old adults to play adapted sport. Policy and practice recommendations are discussed.
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Wei J, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J. How Does Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Influence Innovation Behavior? Exploring the Mechanism of Job Satisfaction and Zhongyong Thinking. Front Psychol 2020; 11:708. [PMID: 32457676 PMCID: PMC7227373 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovation behavior for entrepreneurship is known as a driving force to obtain competitive advantages. As a key quality for entrepreneurial success, the mechanism of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) acting on innovation behavior needs further verification, which has led to the primary objective of this paper via applying the Goal Self-Concordance Theory, as well as to further building a theoretical model. Two hundred forty-nine samples of Chinese entrepreneurs have been empirically analyzed in this study, contributing to the following findings. Firstly, ESE has significantly positive effects on entrepreneurial innovation behavior. Secondly, job satisfaction plays a mediating role between ESE and innovation behavior. Thirdly, Zhongyong thinking moderates the relationship between ESE and job satisfaction. The research results might deliver great value in cultivating ESE, encouraging positive entrepreneurial attitude, enhancing job satisfaction, and ultimately inspiring innovation behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuting Chen
- School of Management, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
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Peels DA, Verboon P, van Stralen MM, Bolman C, Golsteijn RHJ, Mudde AN, de Vries H, Lechner L. Motivational factors for initiating and maintaining physical activity among adults aged over fifty targeted by a tailored intervention. Psychol Health 2020; 35:1184-1206. [PMID: 32133871 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2020.1734202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To provide insight into the motivational working mechanisms (i.e. mediators) of an effective physical activity (PA) intervention for adults aged over fifty.Design: The mediation model (N = 822) was investigated in an RCT for the total intervention population, participants who were not norm-active at baseline (targeting PA initiation) and norm-active participants (targeting PA maintenance) separately.Main Outcome Measures: Potential mediators (attitude, self-efficacy, intention, action planning and coping planning) of the effect on PA (6-months) were assessed at baseline, 3 and/or 6 months.Results: The intervention resulted in a decrease in intention (B= -.209; p=.017), and an increase in action planning (B=.214; p=.018) and PA (B=.220; p=.002). Intention and action planning did not mediate the effect on PA. Self-efficacy, although not significantly influenced by the intervention, was found to be the only motivational variable that predicted change in PA (B=.164; p=.007). These results were confirmed among participants initiating PA. Among norm-active participants no significant intervention effects were identified.Conclusion: The motivational factors cannot explain the intervention effect on PA. Most likely, the effect can be explained by an interaction between the motivational factors together. Differences between participants initiating versus maintaining PA, highlight the importance of performing mediation analyses per subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Verboon
- Department of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Maartje M van Stralen
- Faculty of Science, Prevention and Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Aart N Mudde
- Department of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Hein de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Care and Public Health Research Institute (Caphri), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lilian Lechner
- Department of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands
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Perez-Cruzado D, Vera-Garcia E, Mayoral-Cleries F, Luciano JV, Cuesta-Vargas A. Adaptation and validation of a scale of self-efficacy and social support for physical activity in Spanish patients with severe mental disorders. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01510. [PMID: 31880097 PMCID: PMC7010581 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with severe mental disorders (SMDs) suffer problems of obesity, a sedentary life, and poor physical condition, mainly due to low levels of physical activity. Self-efficacy (SE) and social support (SS) are important components that influence participation in physical activity. METHODS This study adapted a scale to assess SE and SS in promoting physical activity in Spanish people with SMDs, as well as provide preliminary evidence of its validity. One hundred Spanish patients (23% female) with SMDs, between 26 and 61 years old, completed the SE/SS assessment for SMD (SE/SS-ASMD). RESULTS The instrument seemed to capture a four-factor structure in people with SMDs. Due to the lack of a gold standard, the scale was related to other instruments with which it might be expected to show a correlation, such as those for physical activity and its quality; however, the levels of correlation found were low (≈0.3). The Internal consistency (Cronbach's α) for the SE-ASMD, SS-ASMD staff, SS-ASMD peers, and SS-ASMD family scales were 0.76, 0.76, 0.80, and 0.80, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The psychometric analysis of the SE/SS-ASMD supported its suitability as a new tool for researchers in the area of physical activity among people with SMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Perez-Cruzado
- Department of Physiotherapy, Grupo de Investigacion de Clinimetria, IBIMA, Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Departmen of Occupational Therapy, Catolic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elisa Vera-Garcia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Grupo de Investigacion de Clinimetria, IBIMA, Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación de Salud Mental, IBIMA, Hospital Regional de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Fermin Mayoral-Cleries
- Grupo de Investigación de Salud Mental, IBIMA, Hospital Regional de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan Vicente Luciano
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain.,Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuesta-Vargas
- Department of Physiotherapy, Grupo de Investigacion de Clinimetria, IBIMA, Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,School of Clinical Science, Faculty of Health Science, Queensland University Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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14
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Riccio MT, Shrout PE, Balcetis E. Interpersonal pursuit of intrapersonal health goals: Social cognitive–motivational mechanisms by which social support promotes self‐regulatory success. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Haegele JA, Zhu X. Physical Activity, Self-efficacy and Health-related Quality of Life among Adults with Visual Impairments. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 43:530-536. [PMID: 31230474 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1631397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the relations between self-efficacy for exercise, physical activity, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults with visual impairments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adults with visual impairments were invited via email through two visual impairment organizations in the United States to complete four questionnaires: (a) the international physical activity questionnaire-short form, (b) the self-efficacy to exercise behaviors scale, (c) the medical outcomes study short form health survey, and (d) a demographic questionnaire. One hundred fifty-nine participants (Mage = 44.77) provided complete surveys for analyses. Data were analyzed using three components: (a) a descriptive analysis, (b) a confirmatory factor analysis, and (c) a test of a hypothesized structural model. RESULTS Both self-efficacy and HRQoL were tenable among this population with two item removals. Self-efficacy had a direct association (β = 0.26), and an indirect association (β = 0.17) with HRQoL which was mediated by participants' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). MVPA was positively associated with psychological health (β = 0.17), but not with physical health. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that self-efficacy can both directly and indirectly, through MVPA, influence HRQoL among adults with visual impairments. This study supports the utilization of self-efficacy based interventions to promote physical activity and thus impact HRQoL among adults with visual impairments.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONAdults with visual impairments tend to report lower health-related quality of life than peers without visual impairments.In this study, physical activity shows promise as an effective means to improving psychological health-related quality of life for adults with visual impairments.In this study, self-efficacy directly and indirectly, through physical activity, influences health-related quality of life for adults with visual impairments.Results support the utilization of self-efficacy based physical activity interventions to enhance physical activity and health-related quality of life among adults with visual impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Haegele
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Xihe Zhu
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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16
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Riseth L, Nøst TH, Nilsen TIL, Steinsbekk A. Long-term members' use of fitness centers: a qualitative study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2019; 11:2. [PMID: 30828457 PMCID: PMC6383217 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-019-0114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Although the health benefits of physical activity are well documented, a large proportion of the population remains less active than recommended by current guidelines. Commercial fitness centers provide an opportunity to perform physical activity and exercise, but there has been little research focusing on ordinary members at commercial fitness centers. The aim of this study was therefore to explore what long-term members (> 2 years) wanted to achieve with their membership and to identify important factors that influenced them to use the fitness center as a means for physical activity. Method This was a qualitative study with 21 semi-structured individual interviews of adult long-term fitness center members in Trondheim, a city in Central Norway with approximately 190,000 inhabitants. The participants had been continuous fitness center members for more than two years and were asked about their experiences using a fitness center and what they wanted to achieve with the membership. The data was analyzed thematically with the method of systematic text condensation. Results The results were categorized into three main themes: “Health benefits and physical appearance”; “Accessible, safe, and comfortable to use”; and “Variety, flexibility, and support.” The participants stated that they wanted to achieve health benefits, but they also talked about physical appearance. The fitness center was mainly described as easily accessible and a comfortable place for physical activity. Some female participants emphasized the feeling of safety compared to outdoor activity. Variation in activities, making commitments, and getting support from staff and other members were factors contributing to use of the fitness center for physical activity. Conclusion Achieving desired health benefits and improving physical appearance were the main drivers for long-term members’ use of the fitness center. The fitness center was preferred due to the comfort of the facilities and the possibility to commit to specific exercise times and activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Riseth
- 1Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,3T- Fitness Center, Vestre Rosten 80, 7075 Tiller, Norway
| | - Torunn Hatlen Nøst
- 1Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom I L Nilsen
- 1Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,3Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aslak Steinsbekk
- 1Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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17
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Knoll N, Hohl DH, Motter S, Keller J, Lange D, Felsenberg D, Martus P, Ertel W, Schwarzer R. Facilitating physical activity and reducing symptoms in patients with knee osteoarthritis: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial to test a theory-based PrevOP-psychological adherence program (PrevOP-PAP). BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:221. [PMID: 30021578 PMCID: PMC6052630 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present randomized controlled trial, which is crossed with the “PREVenting the impairment of primary Osteoarthritis by high impact long-term Physical exercise regimen” Main Medical Trial (PrevOP-MMT), aims to evaluate a psychological adherence program (PrevOP-PAP), and is designed to support persons with knee osteoarthritis (OAK) in the uptake and maintenance of regular physical activity to reduce OAK symptoms. The PrevOP-PAP is based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), a social-cognitive theory predicting health behavior change in individuals, extended here by social network characteristics and social exchange processes. It is expected that participants with OAK receiving the PrevOP-PAP will maintain higher levels of regular physical activity throughout a 24-month period and consequently report lower levels of OAK symptoms than participants of an active control condition. Methods A total of N = 240 participants with medically verified moderate OAK will be randomly assigned to an intervention condition (PrevOP-PAP-I; 50%) or an active control condition (PrevOP-PAP-CTRL). The PrevOP-PAP-I includes a motivational intervention, repeated self-regulation interventions, and a network creation intervention delivered over 12 months. Modes of intervention delivery include a paper-pencil motivation leaflet with a quiz, a computer-assisted face-to-face intervention, four computer assisted phone-based interventions, and activity calendars. The PrevOP-PAP-CTRL includes the motivational intervention only. Primary outcome will be OAK symptoms. Secondary outcomes include objectively and subjectively measured physical activity and indicators of quality of life. Other outcomes are HAPA-derived self-regulatory indicators as well as proposed social network and social exchange mechanisms of health behavior change. Assessments take place at baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months following baseline. Discussion Based on the extended HAPA, this study seeks to reveal the self-regulatory and social mechanisms of the uptake and maintenance of physical activity and their relation to disease symptoms in persons with OAK. The design and evaluation of this program are intended to become a yardstick for future development and implementation of digitalized psychological adherence programs in this population. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register; also available at http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/; registration number: DRKS00009677; date of registration: 26 January 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Knoll
- Department of Education and Psychology, Health Psychology Division, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Diana Hilda Hohl
- Department of Education and Psychology, Health Psychology Division, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susannah Motter
- Department of Education and Psychology, Health Psychology Division, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Keller
- Department of Education and Psychology, Health Psychology Division, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Lange
- Department of Education and Psychology, Health Psychology Division, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Felsenberg
- Centre for Muscle- and Bone Research, Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Martus
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Silcherstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ertel
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Schwarzer
- Department of Education and Psychology, Health Psychology Division, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, ul. Ostrowskiego 30b, 53-238, Wrocław, Poland
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18
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Fournier M, Radel R, Bailly L, Pradier C, Fabre R, Fuch A, Mossé P, Domerego JJ, Gal J, d'Arripe-Longueville F. "As du Coeur" study: a randomized controlled trial on physical activity maintenance in cardiovascular patients. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:77. [PMID: 29720097 PMCID: PMC5932761 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The benefits of supervised physical activity programs in cardiac rehabilitation have been amply demonstrated, but the quantity of physical activity often declines quickly once supervision ends. This trial assesses the effectiveness of an experimental intervention drawing on habit formation theory to maintain physical activity. Methods Cardiovascular patients (N = 47) were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group participated in two supervised physical activity (SPA) sessions per week for 20 weeks. The second group was offered a progressively autonomous physical activity (PAPA) program as follows: the same supervised program as the SPA group for 10 weeks and then a further 10 weeks with one supervised session replaced by a strategy to build and sustain the habit of autonomous physical activity. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ; Craig et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35(8):1381–1395, 2003) was used to measure the quantity of physical activity, which was the primary outcome. The number of participants was limited, and we thus took multiple IPAQ measurements (at 0, 5, 7, 9 and 12 months after the start of the intervention) and used a mixed model for analysis. Physical condition, automaticity of the physical activity behavior, motivation, and quality of life were examined for changes. Results No significant between-group differences were noted for physical activity behaviors after the program, physical condition, motivation, or behavioral automaticity. The PAPA group nevertheless completed more PA sessions during the intervention, and their quality of life was significantly higher than that of the SPA group at 12 months. Conclusion Although the number of supervised sessions was lower, the progressively autonomous PA program resulted in the same or even higher positive outcomes than the fully supervised PA program. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN77313697, retrospectively registered on 20 November 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rémi Radel
- Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
| | - Laurent Bailly
- Department of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Christian Pradier
- Department of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Roxane Fabre
- Department of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France.,EA Cobtek, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Alain Fuch
- Régime Social des Indépendants, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Mossé
- Laboratoire LEST CNRS, University of Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
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19
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Zhou M, Fukuoka Y, Mintz Y, Goldberg K, Kaminsky P, Flowers E, Aswani A. Evaluating Machine Learning-Based Automated Personalized Daily Step Goals Delivered Through a Mobile Phone App: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2018; 6:e28. [PMID: 29371177 PMCID: PMC5806006 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.9117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence shows that fixed, nonpersonalized daily step goals can discourage individuals, resulting in unchanged or even reduced physical activity. Objective The aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to evaluate the efficacy of an automated mobile phone–based personalized and adaptive goal-setting intervention using machine learning as compared with an active control with steady daily step goals of 10,000. Methods In this 10-week RCT, 64 participants were recruited via email announcements and were required to attend an initial in-person session. The participants were randomized into either the intervention or active control group with a one-to-one ratio after a run-in period for data collection. A study-developed mobile phone app (which delivers daily step goals using push notifications and allows real-time physical activity monitoring) was installed on each participant’s mobile phone, and participants were asked to keep their phone in a pocket throughout the entire day. Through the app, the intervention group received fully automated adaptively personalized daily step goals, and the control group received constant step goals of 10,000 steps per day. Daily step count was objectively measured by the study-developed mobile phone app. Results The mean (SD) age of participants was 41.1 (11.3) years, and 83% (53/64) of participants were female. The baseline demographics between the 2 groups were similar (P>.05). Participants in the intervention group (n=34) had a decrease in mean (SD) daily step count of 390 (490) steps between run-in and 10 weeks, compared with a decrease of 1350 (420) steps among control participants (n=30; P=.03). The net difference in daily steps between the groups was 960 steps (95% CI 90-1830 steps). Both groups had a decrease in daily step count between run-in and 10 weeks because interventions were also provided during run-in and no natural baseline was collected. Conclusions The results showed the short-term efficacy of this intervention, which should be formally evaluated in a full-scale RCT with a longer follow-up period. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02886871; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02886871 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6wM1Be1Ng).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhou
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Yoshimi Fukuoka
- Institute for Health & Aging, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yonatan Mintz
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Ken Goldberg
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Philip Kaminsky
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Elena Flowers
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Anil Aswani
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
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20
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Thieme M, Einenkel J, Zenger M, Hinz A. Optimism, pessimism and self-efficacy in female cancer patients. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2017; 47:849-855. [PMID: 28591864 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyx079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this examination was to study whether psychological resource variables (optimism and self-efficacy) decrease when cancer is present and to test the predictive power of these variables for anxiety, depression and quality of life (QoL). Methods The patient sample was comprised of 354 German women suffering from breast cancer or gynecological cancer. Participants filled in the resource assessment tools Life Orientation Test-Revised and the General Self-Efficacy Scale as well as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 and the QoL instrument EORTC QLQ-C30 at two time points: (t1) during patients' hospital stay and (t2) 3 months later. Results The mean scores for optimism (total score: M = 16.2) and self-efficacy (M = 29.8) were even somewhat higher than the corresponding means of the general population. Optimism and self-efficacy were positively correlated with QoL (r between 0.15 and 0.17, P < 0.01) and negatively associated with anxiety and depression (r between -0.17 and -0.36, P < 0.01). However, only optimism was predictive of the t2 anxiety, depression and QoL scores when statistically taking into account the baseline levels of the outcome variables. Conclusions Having cancer does not generally reduce optimism and self-efficacy on the level of patients' mean scores. Cancer patients with a high level of habitual optimism will adapt to their disease better than pessimistic patients, even if the baseline levels of the outcome variables have been accounted for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Thieme
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig
| | - Jens Einenkel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig
| | - Markus Zenger
- Faculty of Applied Human Studies, University of Applied Sciences Magdeburg-Stendal, Stendal.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Hinz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig
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21
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Kasten S, van Osch L, Eggers SM, de Vries H. From action planning and plan enactment to fruit consumption: moderated mediation effects. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:832. [PMID: 29058594 PMCID: PMC5651584 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sufficient fruit consumption is beneficial for a healthy live. While many Dutch adults intent to eat the recommended amount of fruit, only 5-10% of the population actually adheres to the recommendation. One mechanism that can help to narrow this gap between intention and actual fruit consumption is action planning. However, action planning is only assumed to be effective if plans are enacted. This study assessed which action plans are made and enacted, and further aimed to investigate two main hypotheses: 1. the effect of action planning (at T1) on fruit consumption (at T2) is mediated by plan enactment (at T3); 2. positive intentions (2a), high self-efficacy (2b) and a strong habit to eat fruit (2c) enhance the mediation of plan enactment, whereas a strong habit to eat snacks (2d) hinders the mediation of plan enactment. METHODS This study was a self-reported longitudinal online survey study. A total of 428 participants filled in a survey, measuring demographic factors (e.g. gender, age, education level), several socio-cognitive constructs (i.e. attitudes, self-efficacy, habit, action planning, plan enactment), and fruit consumption, at three points in time (baseline, after 1 month, and after 3 months). Mediation and moderated mediation analyses were used to investigate the planning-plan enactment- fruit consumption relationship. RESULTS Up to 70% of the participants reported to have enacted their T1 action plans at T2. Action planning on fruit consumption was fully mediated by plan enactment (Hypothesis 1). All four proposed moderators (i.e. intention, self-efficacy, habit to consume fruit, and habit to consume snacks) significantly influenced the mediation (Hypotheses 2a-2d). Mediation of plan enactment was only present with high levels of intention, high levels of self-efficacy, strong habits to eat fruit, and weak habits to eat snacks. CONCLUSION The study suggests the importance of plan enactment for fruit consumption. Furthermore, it emphasizes the necessity of facilitating factors. High levels of intention, self-efficacy and a strong habit to consume fruit clearly aid the enactment of action plans. This suggests that when these factors are moderately low, plan enactment may fail and thus an intervention may require first steps to foster these moderating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kasten
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, Maastricht, MD, Netherlands. .,CAPHRI-School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | - Liesbeth van Osch
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, Maastricht, MD, Netherlands.,CAPHRI-School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sander Matthijs Eggers
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, Maastricht, MD, Netherlands.,CAPHRI-School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Hein de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, Maastricht, MD, Netherlands.,CAPHRI-School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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22
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Kaushal N, Rhodes RE, Meldrum JT, Spence JC. The role of habit in different phases of exercise. Br J Health Psychol 2017; 22:429-448. [PMID: 28374463 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary purpose of this study was to investigate how habit strength in a preparatory and performance phase predicts exercise while accounting for intention. The secondary purpose was to determine the strength of potential habit antecedents (affective judgement, perceived behavioural control, consistency, and cues) in both exercise phases. DESIGN This was a prospective study with measures collected at baseline and week 6. METHODS Participants (n = 181) were a sample of adults (18-65) recruited across nine gyms and recreation centres who completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires after 6 weeks. RESULTS Intention (β = .28, p = .00) and habit preparation (β = .20, p = .03), predicted exercise, and change of exercise with coefficients of β = .25, (p = .00) and β = .18, (p = .04), respectively, across 6 weeks but not habit performance (p>.05). CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the distinction between the two phases of exercise and the importance of preparatory habit in predicting behaviour. Focusing on a consistent preparatory routine could be helpful in establishing an exercise habit. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? A recent meta-analysis found habit to correlate r = .43 with behaviour (Gardner, de Bruijn, & Lally, ). Verplanken and Melkevik () propose that habit in exercise should be measured in separate components. Phillips and Gardner () interpreted this as habitual instigation (thought) to exercise and execution. What does this study add? Extended pervious work and identified two distinct behavioural phases (preparation and performance) for exercise. Habit model revealed that temporal consistency was the strongest predictor in both phases of exercise. Intention and habit of preparatory behaviour predicted exercise fluctuations in gym members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Kaushal
- Faculty of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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St Quinton T, Brunton JA. Implicit Processes, Self-Regulation, and Interventions for Behavior Change. Front Psychol 2017; 8:346. [PMID: 28337164 PMCID: PMC5340749 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to regulate and subsequently change behavior is influenced by both reflective and implicit processes. Traditional theories have focused on conscious processes by highlighting the beliefs and intentions that influence decision making. However, their success in changing behavior has been modest with a gap between intention and behavior apparent. Dual-process models have been recently applied to health psychology; with numerous models incorporating implicit processes that influence behavior as well as the more common conscious processes. Such implicit processes are theorized to govern behavior non-consciously. The article provides a commentary on motivational and volitional processes and how interventions have combined to attempt an increase in positive health behaviors. Following this, non-conscious processes are discussed in terms of their theoretical underpinning. The article will then highlight how these processes have been measured and will then discuss the different ways that the non-conscious and conscious may interact. The development of interventions manipulating both processes may well prove crucial in successfully altering behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom St Quinton
- Department of Sport, Health and Nutrition, Leeds Trinity UniversityLeeds, UK
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Fournier M, Radel R, Tifratene K, Pradier C, Fuch A, Mossé P, Domerego JJ, Gal J, d'Arripe-Longueville F. Protocol of the "As du Coeur" study: a randomized controlled trial on physical activity maintenance in cardiovascular patients. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016; 16:160. [PMID: 27549590 PMCID: PMC4994182 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the benefits of supervised physical activity programs in cardiac rehabilitation have been well documented, the amount of physical activity often drops quickly after the end of the supervised period. This trial (registered as ISRCTN77313697 ) will evaluate the effectiveness of an experimental intervention based on habit formation theory applied to physical activity maintenance. METHODS/DESIGN Cardiovascular patients (N = 56) will be individually randomized into two groups. Two supervised physical activity (SPA) sessions per week will be offered to the first group for 20 weeks. Progressively autonomous physical activity (PAPA) will be offered to the second group as follows: 10 weeks of the same supervised program as the SPA group followed by 10 more weeks in which one supervised session will be replaced by a strategy to build and sustain the habit of autonomous practice of physical activity. The primary outcome is the amount of physical activity measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ; Craig et al., Med Sci Sport Exercises 35(8):1381-95, 2003). To compensate for the limited capacity to recruit subjects, multiple IPAQ measurements will be made (at T0, T5, T7, T9 and T12 months after the start of the intervention) and analyzed using the mixed model approach. We will also assess changes in physical and physiological indicators, automaticity of the physical activity behavior, motivation and quality of life. Last, we will assess the cost-effectiveness for each type of program. DISCUSSION If proven to be effective, the PAPA intervention, which requires fewer supervised sessions, should provide a cost-effective solution to the problem of physical activity maintenance in cardiac rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Fournier
- Laboratoire LAMHESS EA 6312, University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.
| | - Rémi Radel
- Laboratoire LAMHESS EA 6312, University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Karim Tifratene
- Department of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Christian Pradier
- Department of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Alain Fuch
- Régime Social des Indépendants, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Mossé
- Laboratoire LEST CNRS, University of Aix-Marseille, Nice, France
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