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Ogunremi D, Dupras AA, Naushad S, Gao R, Duceppe MO, Omidi K, Márquez IG, Huang H, Goodridge L, Lévesque RC, Hasan NA, Dadlani M, Dixon B, Magierowski S, Masson L. A New Whole Genome Culture-Independent Diagnostic Test (WG-CIDT) for Rapid Detection of Salmonella in Lettuce. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:602. [PMID: 32362880 PMCID: PMC7181323 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid detection of foodborne microbial pathogens contaminating fresh fruits and vegetables during the intervening period between harvest and consumption could revolutionize microbial quality assurance of food usually consumed raw and those with a limited shelf life. We have developed a sensitive, shotgun whole genome sequencing protocol capable of detecting as few as 1 colony forming unit (cfu) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium spiked on 25 g of lettuce. The Ion Torrent sequencing platform was used to generate reads of globally amplified DNA from microbes recovered from the surface of lettuce followed by bioinformatic analyses of the nucleotide sequences to detect the presence of Salmonella. The test is rapid and sensitive, and appropriate for testing perishable foods, and those consumed raw, for Salmonella contamination. The test has the potential to be universally applicable to any microbial contaminant on lettuce as long as a suitable bioinformatics pipeline is available and validated. A universal test is expected to pave the way for preventive and precision food safety and the re-shaping of the entire spectrum of food safety investigations from the current disease-limiting, reactive procedure to a proactive, disease prevention process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dele Ogunremi
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrée Ann Dupras
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sohail Naushad
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ruimin Gao
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Marc-Olivier Duceppe
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katayoun Omidi
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Hongsheng Huang
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence Goodridge
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Roger C Lévesque
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Brent Dixon
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sebastian Magierowski
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luke Masson
- National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Yang Q, Domesle KJ, Ge B. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Salmonella Detection in Food and Feed: Current Applications and Future Directions. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:309-331. [PMID: 29902082 PMCID: PMC6004089 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has become a powerful alternative to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for pathogen detection in clinical specimens and food matrices. Nontyphoidal Salmonella is a zoonotic pathogen of significant food and feed safety concern worldwide. The first study employing LAMP for the rapid detection of Salmonella was reported in 2005, 5 years after the invention of the LAMP technology in Japan. This review provides an overview of international efforts in the past decade on the development and application of Salmonella LAMP assays in a wide array of food and feed matrices. Recent progress in assay design, platform development, commercial application, and method validation is reviewed. Future perspectives toward more practical and wider applications of Salmonella LAMP assays in food and feed testing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Yang
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Kelly J Domesle
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Beilei Ge
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
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Garrido-Maestu A, Fuciños P, Azinheiro S, Carvalho J, Prado M. Systematic loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for rapid detection and characterization of Salmonella spp., Enteritidis and Typhimurium in food samples. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wu GP, Chen SH, Levin RE. Rapid real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with coated activated carbon for detection of low numbers of Salmonella enterica from lettuce without enrichment. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wu GP, Chen SH, Levin RE. Application of ethidium bromide monoazide for quantification of viable and dead cells of Salmonella enterica by real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 117:41-8. [PMID: 26187777 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and efficient method for quantification and discrimination of Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis between viable and dead cells killed by heat was developed using ethidium bromide monoazide (EMA) in combination with a real-time loop amplified (Rti-LAMP) DNA assay. The use of 8.0 μg/ml or less of EMA did not inhibit DNA amplification in Rti-LAMP assays derived from viable cells. However, 8.0 μg/ml of EMA notably inhibited DNA amplification and significantly increased the Tp values with dead cells. When the DNA from 2000 viable CFU was subjected to EMA-Rti-LAMP the resulting Tp value was 13 min. In contrast, the DNA from 2000 CFU completely heat destroyed CFU still yielded a Tp value, which was greatly increased to 33.1 min. When the DNA from viable plus heat killed CFU at a ratio of 7:1993 was subjected to EMA-Rti-LAMP, the resulting Tp value was 19.3 min, which was statistically identical (P<0.05) to the Tp value of 19.9 min. obtained with the DNA from only 7 viable CFU. These results indicate that even though 2000 dead cells yielded a Tp value of 33.1 min., low numbers of viable cells in the presence of much higher numbers of dead cells still yielded a linear plot for enumerating viable CFU from Tp values. In addition, propidium monoazide (PMA) was found to be ineffective in distinguishing between low numbers of viable and heat killed cells of S. enterica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Ping Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Su Hua Chen
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Robert E Levin
- Department of Food Science, Massachusetts Experiment Station, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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