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González-Tejedor GA, Garre A, Iguaz A, Wong-Zhang R, Fernández PS, Possas A. Dynamic Thermal Treatments in Green Coconut Water Induce Dynamic Stress Adaptation of Listeria innocua That Increases Its Thermal Resistance. Foods 2023; 12:4015. [PMID: 37959134 PMCID: PMC10650898 DOI: 10.3390/foods12214015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The global coconut water market is projected to grow in the upcoming years, attributed to its numerous health benefits. However, due to its susceptibility to microbial contamination and the limitations of non-thermal decontamination methods, thermal treatments remain the primary approach to ensure the shelf-life stability and the microbiological safety of the product. In this study, the thermal inactivation of Listeria innocua, a Listeria monocytogenes surrogate, was evaluated in coconut water and in tryptone soy broth (TSB) under both isothermal (50-60 °C) and dynamic conditions (from 30 to 60 °C, with temperature increases of 0.5, 1 and 5 °C/min). Mathematical models were used to analyse the inactivation data. The Geeraerd model effectively described the thermal inactivation of L. innocua in both TSB and coconut water under isothermal conditions, with close agreement between experimental data and model fits. Parameter estimates and analysis revealed that acidified TSB is a suitable surrogate medium for studying the thermal inactivation of L. innocua in coconut water, despite minor differences observed in the shoulder length of inactivation curves, likely attributed to the media composition. The models fitted to the data obtained at isothermal conditions fail to predict L. innocua responses under dynamic conditions. This is attributed to the stress acclimation phenomenon that takes place under dynamic conditions, where bacterial cells adapt to initial sub-lethal treatment stages, leading to increased thermal resistance. Fitting the Bigelow model directly to dynamic data with fixed z-values reveals a three-fold increase in D-values with lower heating rates, supporting the role of stress acclimation. The findings of this study aid in designing pasteurization treatments targeting L. innocua in coconut water and enable the establishment of safe, mild heat treatments for refrigerated, high-quality coconut water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo A. González-Tejedor
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), Senacyt, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama;
- Centro de Producción e Investigaciones Agroindustriales, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama;
| | - Alberto Garre
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain; (A.G.); (A.I.)
| | - Asunción Iguaz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain; (A.G.); (A.I.)
| | - Ricardo Wong-Zhang
- Centro de Producción e Investigaciones Agroindustriales, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama;
| | - Pablo S. Fernández
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain; (A.G.); (A.I.)
| | - Arícia Possas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
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Wagh MS, Sivarajan S, Osborne WJ. A new paradigm in the bioremoval of lead, nickel, and cadmium using a cocktail of biosystems: a metagenomic approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:58967-58985. [PMID: 37002522 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd) are known for its harmful effects on the environment. Microbial community related to soil plays a pivotal role in configuring several properties of the ecosystem. Thus, remediation of such heavy metals using multiple biosystems had shown excellent bioremoval potential. The current study demonstrates the integrated approach of Chrysopogon zizanioides in combination with earthworm Eisenia fetida augmented with VITMSJ3 potent strain for the uptake of metals like Pb, Ni, and Cd from the contaminated soil. For the uptake of heavy metals, Pb, Ni, and Cd with the concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 mg kg-1 were supplemented in pots with plants and earthworms. C. zizanioides was used for bioremoval due to their massive fibrous root system which can absorb heavy metals. A substantial increase of 70-80% Pb, Ni, and Cd was found for VITMSJ3 augmented setup. A total of 12 earthworms were introduced in each setup and were tested for the toxicity and damages in the various internal structures. Reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) content was observed in the earthworms with VITMSJ3 strain proving less toxicity and damages. Metagenomic analysis of the soil associated bacterial diversity was assessed by amplifying the V3V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and the annotations were studied. Firmicutes were found to be the predominant genus with 56.65% abundance in the bioaugmented soil R (60) proving the detoxification of metals in the bioaugmented soil. Our study proved that a synergistic effect of plant and earthworm in association with potent bacterial strain had higher uptake of Pb, Ni, and Cd. Metagenomic analysis revealed the changes in microbial abundance in the soil before and after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrunal Subhash Wagh
- Biomolecules Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology-Vellore, Tamil, Nadu-632014, India
| | - Saravanan Sivarajan
- GIS and Remote Sensing Laboratory, VIT- School of Agricultural Innovation and Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology-Vellore, Tamil, Nadu-632014, India
| | - William Jabez Osborne
- Biomolecules Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology-Vellore, Tamil, Nadu-632014, India.
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Dhanya Raj CT, Kandaswamy S, Suryavanshi MV, Ramasamy KP, Rajasabapathy R, Arthur James R. Genomic and metabolic properties of Staphylococcus gallinarum FCW1 MCC4687 isolated from naturally fermented coconut water towards GRAS assessment. Gene 2023; 867:147356. [PMID: 36907276 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus gallinarum FCW1 was isolated from naturally fermented coconut-water and identified by biochemical and molecular methods. Probiotic characterization and safety assessment were conducted through a series of in vitro tests. A high survival rate was observed when the strain was tested for resistance to bile, lysozyme, simulated gastric and intestinal fluid, phenol, and different temperature and salt concentrations. The strain showed antagonism against some pathogens, was susceptible to all antibiotics tested except penicillin, and showed no hemolytic and DNase activity. Hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, biofilm formation, and antioxidation tests indicated that the strain possessed a high adhesive and antioxidant ability. Enzymatic activity was used to evaluate the metabolic capacities of the strain. In-vivo experiment on zebrafish was performed to check its safety status. The whole-genome sequencing indicated that the genome contained 2,880,305 bp with a GC content of 33.23%. The genome annotation confirmed the presence of probiotic-associated genes and genes for oxalate degradation, sulfate reduction, acetate metabolism, and ammonium transport in the FCW1 strain, adding to the theory that this strain may be helpful in treating kidney stones. This study revealed that the strain FCW1 might be an excellent potential probiotic in developing fermented coconut beverages and treating and preventing kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Dhanya Raj
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Surabhi Kandaswamy
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, 6(th) Floor, St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Mangesh V Suryavanshi
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences Department, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH 44195, United States.
| | | | - Raju Rajasabapathy
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rathinam Arthur James
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Vaitiekūnaitė D, Bružaitė I, Snitka V. Endophytes from blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) fruit: Characterization of yeast and bacteria via label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 275:121158. [PMID: 35334429 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Blueberries (Vaccinium sp.) are consumed all around the globe, however, their endophytic community has not been thoroughly researched, specifically their fruit endophytes. We aimed to isolate and analyze easily cultivable blueberry fruit endophytes to help in future research, concerning probiotic microorganisms. Twelve strains were isolated in this pilot study, genetically homologous with Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus cohnii, Salmonella enterica, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and [Candida] santamariae. To determine the molecular composition of these isolates we used label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). To our knowledge, this is the first time that SERS spectra for L. mesenteroides and C. santamariae are presented, as well as the first report of Candida yeast, isolated specifically from blueberry fruits. Our findings suggest that the differences in tested yeast and bacteria SERS spectra and subsequent differentiation are facilitated by minor shifts in spectral peak positions as well as their intensities. Moreover, we used principal component and discriminant function analyses to differentiate chemotypes within our isolate group, proving the sensitivity of the technique and its usefulness to recognize different strains in plant-associated microbe samples, which will aid to streamline future studies in biofertilizers and biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorotėja Vaitiekūnaitė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Laboratory of Forest Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Forestry, Liepu st. 1, LT-53101 Girionys, Lithuania.
| | - Ingrida Bružaitė
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio av. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Valentinas Snitka
- Research Center for Microsystems and Nanotechnology, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu str. 65, LT-51369 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Gopal M, Shil S, Gupta A, Hebbar KB, Arivalagan M. Metagenomic Investigation Uncovers Presence of Probiotic-Type Microbiome in Kalparasa ® (Fresh Unfermented Coconut Inflorescence Sap). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:662783. [PMID: 34484136 PMCID: PMC8415118 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.662783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The phloem sap tapped from unopened inflorescence (spadix) of coconut palm using a novel collecting device, “coco-sap chiller,” has been branded Kalparasa® (henceforth as Kalparasa in the text) to distinguish its properties not found in sap harvested by traditional methods. To know its hitherto unidentified microbiome profile, we employed high-throughput sequencing to uncover the bacteriome and mycobiome in fresh and 12-h fermented samples. Fresh Kalparasa had a pH of 7.2, which dropped to 4.5 after 12 h, signifying fermentation of the sap. Diversity analysis indicated fresh Kalparasa having higher bacterial species than the fermented one. Contrary to this, fresh sap had lower fungal/yeast diversity than the fermented sample. Fresh Kalparasa had relatively higher abundance of probiotic-type Leuconostoc genus followed by equal proportions of Gluconobacter, Acetobacter, and Fructobacillus. The 12-h fermented Kalparasa showed a significant increase in Gluconobacter with a sharp decrease in Leuconostoc. Mycobiome data revealed fresh Kalparasa to be preponderant in Saccharomyces and Hanseniaspora genera of yeasts while the fermented sap had higher representation of Hanseniaspora and Cortinarius and lesser Saccharomyces. This suggested that the fermentation of Kalparasa was probably driven by symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts (SCOBY), particularly acetic acid bacteria and non-Saccharomyces yeasts. The bacteriome-function predictions highlighted the enrichment of glycerophospholipid, ABC transporters, purine, and pyrimidine metabolisms. Based on our findings, Kalparasa containing large population of Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Fructobacillus fructosus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Hanseniaspora guilliermondii can be promoted as a healthy “unfermented” plant edible food containing live probiotic-type microbiome during its consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Gopal
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, India
| | - Sandip Shil
- Research Centre, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Mohitnagar, India
| | - Alka Gupta
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, India
| | - K B Hebbar
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, India
| | - M Arivalagan
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, India
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