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Tarek N, Azmy AF, Khairalla AS, Abdel-Fattah M, Jefri OA, Shaban M, El-Sayed AA, El-Gendy AO. Genome sequencing of Enterococcus faecium NT04, an oral microbiota revealed the production of enterocin A/B active against oral pathogens. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16253. [PMID: 37292348 PMCID: PMC10245172 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to isolate and investigate a bacterium from an Egyptian adult's healthy oral cavity, focusing on its probiotic properties, especially its antagonistic activity against oral pathogens. Methods The isolated bacterium NT04 using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, was identified as Enterococcus faecium. In this study, the whole genome of Enterococcus faecium NT04 was sequenced and annotated by bioinformatics analysis tools. Results Numerous genes encoding the production of diverse metabolic and probiotic properties, such as bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (Enterocin A and B), cofactors, antioxidants, and vitamins, were confirmed by genomic analysis. There were no pathogenicity islands or plasmid insertions found. This strain is virulent for host colonization rather than invasion. Conclusion Genomic characteristics of strain NT04 support its potentiality as an anti-oral pathogen probiotic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Tarek
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Nahda University Beni-Suef (NUB), Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F. Azmy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Khairalla
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Medhat Abdel-Fattah
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Ohoud A. Jefri
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, 42351, Saudi Arabia
- Nanophotonics and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Abdelaziz A.A. El-Sayed
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Al-Madinah Al- Munawarah, 42351, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O. El-Gendy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
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Sharma P, Kaur S, Chadha BS, Kaur R, Kaur M, Kaur S. Anticancer and antimicrobial potential of enterocin 12a from Enterococcus faecium. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:39. [PMID: 33541292 PMCID: PMC7860584 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increase in the number of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria in neutropenic cancer patients has prompted the search for novel therapeutic agents having dual anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Bacteriocins are cationic proteins of prokaryotic origin that have emerged as one of the most promising alternative antimicrobial agents with applications as food preservatives and therapeutic agents. Apart from their antimicrobial activities, bacteriocins are also being explored for their anticancer potential. RESULTS In this study, a broad-spectrum, cell membrane-permeabilizing enterocin with a molecular weight of 65 kDa was purified and characterized from the culture supernatant of vaginal Enterococcus faecium 12a. Enterocin 12a inhibited multidrug-resistant strains of various Gram-negative pathogens such as Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli and Gram-positive, Listeria monocytogenes, but had no activities against different strains of gut lactobacilli. The mass spectrometric analysis showed that the enterocin 12a shared partial homology with 4Fe-4S domain-containing redox protein of E. faecalis R712. Further, enterocin 12a selectively inhibited the proliferation of various human cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner but not that of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Enterocin 12a-treated cancer cells showed apoptosis-like morphological changes. CONCLUSION Enterocin 12a is a novel bacteriocin that has anticancer properties against human cell lines and negligible activity towards non-malignant cells. Therefore, it should be further evaluated for its anticancer potential in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Sumanpreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | | | - Raminderjit Kaur
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhraj Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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Alhajjar N, Chatterjee A, Spencer BL, Burcham LR, Willett JLE, Dunny GM, Duerkop BA, Doran KS. Genome-Wide Mutagenesis Identifies Factors Involved in Enterococcus faecalis Vaginal Adherence and Persistence. Infect Immun 2020; 88:e00270-20. [PMID: 32778611 PMCID: PMC7504943 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00270-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive commensal bacterium native to the gastrointestinal tract and an opportunistic pathogen of increasing clinical concern. E. faecalis also colonizes the female reproductive tract, and reports suggest vaginal colonization increases following antibiotic treatment or in patients with aerobic vaginitis. Currently, little is known about specific factors that promote E. faecalis vaginal colonization and subsequent infection. We modified an established mouse vaginal colonization model to explore E. faecalis vaginal carriage and demonstrate that both vancomycin-resistant and -sensitive strains colonize the murine vaginal tract. Following vaginal colonization, we observed E. faecalis in vaginal, cervical, and uterine tissue. A mutant lacking endocarditis- and biofilm-associated pili (Ebp) exhibited a decreased ability to associate with human vaginal and cervical cells in vitro but did not contribute to colonization in vivo Thus, we screened a low-complexity transposon (Tn) mutant library to identify novel genes important for E. faecalis colonization and persistence in the vaginal tract. This screen revealed 383 mutants that were underrepresented during vaginal colonization at 1, 5, and 8 days postinoculation compared to growth in culture medium. We confirmed that mutants deficient in ethanolamine catabolism or in the type VII secretion system were attenuated in persisting during vaginal colonization. These results reveal the complex nature of vaginal colonization and suggest that multiple factors contribute to E. faecalis persistence in the reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhan Alhajjar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anushila Chatterjee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brady L Spencer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lindsey R Burcham
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Julia L E Willett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gary M Dunny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Breck A Duerkop
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelly S Doran
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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4
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Discovery and characterisation of circular bacteriocin plantacyclin B21AG from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum B21. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04715. [PMID: 32904251 PMCID: PMC7452424 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum B21 isolated from Vietnamese sausage (nem chua) has previously displayed broad antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria including foodborne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridium perfringens. This study successfully identified the antimicrobial agent as plantacyclin B21AG, a 5668 Da circular bacteriocin demonstrating high thermostability, resistance to a wide range of pH, proteolytic resistance and temporal stability. We report a reverse genetics approach to identify and characterise plantacyclin B21AG from first principles. The bacteriocin was purified from culture supernatant by a three-step process consisting of concentration, n-butanol extraction and cation exchange chromatography. A de novo peptide sequencing using LC-MS/MS techniques identified two putative peptide fragments which were mapped to the genome sequence of L. plantarum B21. This revealed an ORF corresponding to a putative circular bacteriocin with a 33-amino acid leader peptide and a 58-amino acid mature peptide encoded on a native plasmid pB21AG01. The bacteriocin is shown to be a small cationic predominantly α-helical protein (69%). The corresponding gene cluster, consisted of seven genes associated with post-translational circularisation, immunity and secretion. Whilst plantacyclin B21AG is 86% identical to the newly published plantaricyclin A it is more highly cationic having a net charge of +3 due to an additional basic residue in the putative membrane interaction region. This and other substitutions may well go some way to explaining functional differences. The robust nature of plantacyclin B21AG, its antimicrobial activity and associated machinery for cyclisation make it an interesting biotechnological target for development, both as a food-safe antimicrobial or potentially a platform technology for recombinant protein circularisation.
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Sharma P, Rashid M, Kaur S. Novel enterocin E20c purified from Enterococcus hirae 20c synergised with ß-lactams and ciprofloxacin against Salmonella enterica. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:98. [PMID: 32366243 PMCID: PMC7197179 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing rate of antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative bacterial pathogens has created an urgent need to discover novel therapeutic agents to combat infectious diseases. Use of bacteriocins as therapeutic agents has immense potential due to their high potency and mode of action different from that of conventional antibiotics. Results In this study, a novel bacteriocin E20c of molecular weight 6.5 kDa was purified and characterized from the probiotic strain of Enterococcus hirae. E20c had bactericidal activities against several multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy studies showed that it killed the Salmonella enterica cells by forming ion-permeable channels in the cell membrane leading to enhanced cell membrane permeability. Further, checkerboard titrations showed that E20c had synergistic interaction with antibiotics such as ampicillin, penicillin, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin against a ciprofloxacin- and penicillin-resistant strain of S. enterica. Conclusion Thus, this study shows the broad spectrum antimicrobial activity of novel enterocin E20c against various MDR pathogens. Further, it highlights the importance of bacteriocins in lowering the minimum inhibitory concentrations of conventional antibiotics when used in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Muzamil Rashid
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhraj Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
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Sheoran P, Tiwari SK. Enterocin LD3 fromEnterococcus hiraeLD3 causing efflux of intracellular ions and UV‐absorbing materials in Gram‐negative bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1059-1069. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sheoran
- Department of Genetics Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak Haryana India
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Merlich A, Galkin M, Choiset Y, Limanska N, Vasylieva N, Ivanytsia V, Haertlé T. Characterization of the bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus italicus ONU547 isolated from Thai fermented cabbage. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 64:535-545. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00677-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Vimont A, Fernandez B, Hammami R, Ababsa A, Daba H, Fliss I. Bacteriocin-Producing Enterococcus faecium LCW 44: A High Potential Probiotic Candidate from Raw Camel Milk. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:865. [PMID: 28572793 PMCID: PMC5436277 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial isolates from raw camel milk were screened for antibacterial activity using the agar diffusion assay. Ten isolates selected for their inhibition of Gram-positive bacteria were identified by 16S sequencing as Enterococcus faecium or durans. An isolate named E. faecium LCW 44 exhibited the broadest antibacterial spectrum with an inhibitory activity against several Gram-positive strains belonging to the genera Clostridium, Listeria, Staphylococcus, and Lactobacillus. E. faecium LCW 44 was shown to produce N-formylated enterocins L50A and L50B, as revealed by mass spectrometry and PCR analyses. This isolate did not harbor any of the virulence factors tested and was shown to be sensitive to all tested antibiotics. It showed high resistance to gastric and intestinal conditions (78 ± 4% survival). Its adhesion index was evaluated at 176 ± 86 and 24 ± 86 on Caco-2 cells and HT-29 cells, respectively, and it significantly reduced adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes by 65 and 49%, respectively. In Macfarlane broth (simulating the nutrient content of the colon), counts of L. monocytogenes were reduced by 2 log10 cycles after 24 h in co-culture with E. faecium LCW 44, compared to the increase of 4 log10 cycles when cultured alone. Comparison with a bacteriocin-non-producing mutant of E. faecium LCW 44 strongly suggests that inhibition of L. monocytogenes was due to bacteriocin production. Altogether, E. faecium LCW 44 thus has potential for use as a probiotic for humans and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Vimont
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec CityQC, Canada
| | - Benoît Fernandez
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec CityQC, Canada
| | - Riadh Hammami
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec CityQC, Canada.,School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, OttawaON, Canada
| | - Ahlem Ababsa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas University Sétif 1Sétif, Algeria
| | - Hocine Daba
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas University Sétif 1Sétif, Algeria
| | - Ismaïl Fliss
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec CityQC, Canada
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Enterocin B3A-B3B produced by LAB collected from infant faeces: potential utilization in the food industry for Listeria monocytogenes biofilm management. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 110:205-219. [PMID: 27878401 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-016-0791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis B3A-B3B produces the bacteriocin B3A-B3B with activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium perfringens, but apparently not against fungi or Gram-negative bacteria, except for Salmonella Newport. B3A-B3B enterocin has two different nucleotides but similar amino acid composition to the class IIb MR10A-MR10B enterocin. B3A-B3B consists of two peptides of predicted molecular mass of 5176.31 Da (B3A) and 5182.21 Da (B3B). Importantly, B3A-B3B impeded biofilm formation of the foodborne pathogen L. monocytogenes 162 grown on stainless steel. The antimicrobial treatment of stainless steel with nisin (1 or 16 mg ml-1) decreased the cell numbers by about 2 log CFU ml-1, thereby impeding the biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes 162 or its nisin-resistant derivative strain L. monocytogenes 162R. Furthermore, the combination of nisin and B3A-B3B enterocin reduced the MIC required to inhibit this pathogen grown in planktonic or biofilm cultures.
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López-Cuellar MDR, Rodríguez-Hernández AI, Chavarría-Hernández N. LAB bacteriocin applications in the last decade. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1232605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ma. del Rocío López-Cuellar
- Agro-Food Biotechnology Research Group (CABA), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (ICAp), Autonomous University of Hidalgo State (UAEH) , Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Adriana-Inés Rodríguez-Hernández
- Agro-Food Biotechnology Research Group (CABA), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (ICAp), Autonomous University of Hidalgo State (UAEH) , Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Norberto Chavarría-Hernández
- Agro-Food Biotechnology Research Group (CABA), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (ICAp), Autonomous University of Hidalgo State (UAEH) , Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo, Mexico
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Hanchi H, Hammami R, Fernandez B, Kourda R, Ben Hamida J, Fliss I. Simultaneous Production of Formylated and Nonformylated Enterocins L50A and L50B as well as 61A, a New Glycosylated Durancin, by Enterococcus durans 61A, a Strain Isolated from Artisanal Fermented Milk in Tunisia. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:3584-3590. [PMID: 27111259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus durans 61A, a broad-spectrum strain, was isolated from artisanal fermented dairy products. The strain is a multibacteriocin producer, free from virulence genes, and could be considered a good candidate for application in food preservation. In the present study, E. durans 61A was shown to produce simultaneously formylated and nonformylated forms of leaderless enterocins L50A and L50B as well as 61A, a new glycosylated durancin. Bacteriocins were characterized using mass spectrometry. Formylation was found to increase enterocin antimicrobial activity of enterocin L50A (8×) and, to a lesser extent, the activity of L50B (2×). Durancin 61A was found glycosylated by two hexoses (glucose and arabinose) and exhibited broad-spectrum inhibition against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungal spores. Durancin 61A was highly bactericidal at 15.6 μg/mL (10× the MIC) on Listeria innocua HPB13 and seems to target bacterial membrane as shown by ion efflux and transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Hanchi
- STELA Dairy Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval , Québec, QC, Canada G1K 7P4
- Unité de Protéomie Fonctionnelle & Biopréservation Alimentaire, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Hammami
- STELA Dairy Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval , Québec, QC, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Benoit Fernandez
- STELA Dairy Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval , Québec, QC, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Rim Kourda
- Unité de Protéomie Fonctionnelle & Biopréservation Alimentaire, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jeannette Ben Hamida
- Unité de Protéomie Fonctionnelle & Biopréservation Alimentaire, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Fliss
- STELA Dairy Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval , Québec, QC, Canada G1K 7P4
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Lambert JA, John S, Sobel JD, Akins RA. Longitudinal analysis of vaginal microbiome dynamics in women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis: recognition of the conversion process. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82599. [PMID: 24376552 PMCID: PMC3869700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) affects ∼ 30% of women of reproductive age, has a high rate of recurrence, and is associated with miscarriage, preterm birth, and increased risk of acquiring other sexually transmitted infections, including HIV-1. Little is known of the daily changes in the vaginal bacterial composition as it progresses from treatment to recurrence, or whether any of these might be useful in its prediction or an understanding of its causes. We used phylogenetic branch-inclusive quantitative PCR (PB-qPCR) and Lactobacillus blocked/unblocked qPCR (Lb-qPCR) to characterize longitudinal changes in the vaginal microbiota in sequential vaginal self-swabs from five women with recurrent BV, from diagnosis through remission to recurrence. Both patients with acute BV samples dominated by G. vaginalis recurred during the study with similar profiles, whereas the three patients with acute BV samples dominated by other anaerobes did not recur or recurred to an intermediate Nugent score. L. iners dominated remission phases, with intermittent days of abnormal microbial profiles typically associated with menses. The exception was a newly discovered phenomenon, a sustained period of abnormal profiles, termed conversion, which preceded symptomatic acute BV. Species known to have antagonistic activity towards Lactobacillus were detected in pre-conversion samples, possibly contributing to the decline in Lactobacillus. Lb-qPCR scores define two categories of response in the initial post-treatment visit samples; scores <5 may correspond with poor response to treatment or rapid recurrence, whereas scores >8 may predict delayed or no recurrence. Amsel criteria or Nugent scores did not have this potential predictive capability. Larger studies are warranted to evaluate the prognostic potential of detecting conversion and poor Lb-qPCR scores at the post-treatment visit of recurrent BV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A. Lambert
- Department of Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Susan John
- Department of Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jack D. Sobel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JDS); (RAA)
| | - Robert A. Akins
- Department of Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JDS); (RAA)
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Borges S, Silva J, Teixeira P. The role of lactobacilli and probiotics in maintaining vaginal health. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 289:479-89. [PMID: 24170161 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-013-3064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vaginal microbiota of healthy women consists typically of a diversity of anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms. Lactobacilli are the most prevalent and often numerically dominant microorganisms and are relevant as a barrier to infection. The capacity of lactobacilli to adhere and compete for adhesion sites in the vaginal epithelium and the capacity to produce antimicrobial compounds (hydrogen peroxide, lactic acid, bacteriocin-like substances), are important in the impairment of colonization by pathogens. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes the role of lactic acid bacteria in preventing illness of the host, including bacterial vaginosis, yeast vaginitis, urinary tract infection and sexually transmitted diseases. CONCLUSIONS The administration of probiotics that colonize the vaginal tract can be important in maintaining a normal urogenital health and also to prevent or treat infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Borges
- CBQF, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Centro Regional do Porto da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
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Myhre R, Brantsæter AL, Myking S, Eggesbø M, Meltzer HM, Haugen M, Jacobsson B. Intakes of garlic and dried fruits are associated with lower risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. J Nutr 2013; 143:1100-8. [PMID: 23700347 PMCID: PMC3681545 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.173229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have found associations between microbial infections during pregnancy and preterm delivery (PTD). We investigated the influence of food with antimicrobial and prebiotic components on the risk of spontaneous PTD. A literature search identified microbes associated with spontaneous PTD. Subsequently, 2 main food types (alliums and dried fruits) were identified to contain antimicrobial components that affect the microbes associated with spontaneous PTD; they also contained dietary fibers recognized as prebiotics. We investigated intake in 18,888 women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort (MoBa), of whom 950 (5%) underwent spontaneous PTD (<37 gestational weeks). Alliums (garlic, onion, leek, and spring onion) [OR: 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.94), P = 0.005] and dried fruits (raisins, apricots, prunes, figs, and dates) [OR: 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.94); P = 0.005] were associated with a decreased risk of spontaneous PTD. Intake of alliums was related to a more pronounced risk reduction in early spontaneous PTD (gestational weeks 28-31) [OR: 0.39 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.80)]. The strongest association in this group was with garlic [OR: 0.47 (95% CI: 0.25-0.89)], followed by cooked onions. Intake of dried fruits showed an association with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) [OR: 0.74 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.95)]; the strongest association in this group was with raisins [OR: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.92)]. The strongest association with PPROM in the allium group was with garlic [OR: 0.74 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.97)]. In conclusion, intake of food with antimicrobial and prebiotic compounds may be of importance to reduce the risk of spontaneous PTD. In particular, garlic was associated with overall lower risk of spontaneous PTD. Dried fruits, especially raisins, were associated with reduced risk of PPROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Myhre
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Solveig Myking
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete Eggesbø
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Margrete Meltzer
- Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Margaretha Haugen
- Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,Perinatal Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
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Arqués JL, Rodríguez E, Nuñez M, Medina M. Combined effect of reuterin and lactic acid bacteria bacteriocins on the inactivation of food-borne pathogens in milk. Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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At the crossroads of vaginal health and disease, the genome sequence of Lactobacillus iners AB-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 108 Suppl 1:4688-95. [PMID: 21059957 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1000086107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli have long been regarded as important constituents of the healthy human vagina. Lactobacillus iners is the most frequently detected bacterial species in the vagina, but little is known about its characteristics. We report a description of the whole-genome sequence of L. iners AB-1 along with comparative analysis of published genomes of closely related strains of lactobacilli. The genome is the smallest Lactobacillus reported to date, with a 1.3-Mbp single chromosome. The genome seems to have undergone one or more rapid evolution events that resulted in large-scale gene loss and horizontal acquisition of a number of genes for survival in the vagina. L. iners may exhibit specialized adaptation mechanisms to the vaginal environment, such as an iron-sulfur cluster assembly system, and several unique σ factors to regulate gene transcription in this fluctuating environment. A potentially highly expressed homolog of a cholesterol-binding lysin may also contribute to host cell adhesion or act as a defense mechanism against other microbes. Notably, there is a lack of apparent adhesion proteins, but several cell-anchor proteins were identified and may be important for interaction with the host mucosal tissues. L. iners is widely present in healthy females as well as those suffering from bacterial vaginosis or who have undergone antimicrobial therapy, suggesting that it is an important indigenous species of the vagina.
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