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Liu K, Zhang P, Zhou L, Han L, Zhao L, Yu X. Research progress in the construction of animal models of autoimmune thyroiditis. Autoimmunity 2024; 57:2317190. [PMID: 38377122 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2024.2317190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), also known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), is an autoimmune disease that is characterised by elevated thyroid-specific antibody titres. The incidence of AIT is increasing year over year, making it urgent to establish a suitable animal model for this condition, in order to better explore its pathogenesis and potential pharmaceutical mechanisms for treatment. Owing to a lack of basic research on this disease, problems such as disparate modelling methods with unclear and varying success rates make it difficult for researchers to obtain effective information on AIT in the short term. This report summarises and analyzes the current literature on AIT and combines actual operability to explain the selection and specific implementation processes behind the uses of different modelling approaches, to provide a better overall understanding of autoimmune thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Han
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Luo P, Xin YM, Guo QL, Shen X. [Expression of miR-142 and its relationship with Th17/Treg imbalance in children with autoimmune thyroid disease]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2024; 26:605-610. [PMID: 38926377 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2312017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression of microRNA-142 (miR-142) in children with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and its relationship with the imbalance of helper T cell 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cell (Treg). METHODS A total of 89 children hospitalized for AITD from January 2019 to December 2022 were prospectively selected as the study subjects, including 48 children with Graves' disease (GD group) and 41 children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT group). Additionally, 55 healthy children undergoing physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control group. The differences in serum miR-142, antithyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), antithyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb), Th17/Treg, and interleukin-17 (IL-17) expression were compared among the groups. RESULTS The expression of miR-142, TPOAb, TGAb, Th17, Th17/Treg, and IL-17 in the GD group and HT group was higher than that in the control group, while Treg was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that in the GD group, miR-142 was positively correlated with TPOAb, TGAb, Th17, Th17/Treg, and IL-17 (r=0.711, 0.728, 0.785, 0.716, 0.709, respectively; P<0.001) and negatively correlated with Treg (r=-0.725, P<0.001); in the HT group, miR-142 was positively correlated with TPOAb and TGAb (r=0.752, 0.717, respectively; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS miR-142 is highly expressed in children with AITD, and its expression may be related to the Th17/Treg imbalance in children with GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University/Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Birth Defects/Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yan-Mei Xin
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University/Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Birth Defects/Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qu-Lian Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University/Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Birth Defects/Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University/Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Birth Defects/Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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Zhu H, Mu S, Liu S, Cui Y, Ren J, Yang E, Wang L, Cui X, Ren A. Yiqi Jiedu Xiaoying Decoction Improves Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis in Rats by Regulating Th17/Treg Cell Balance. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:1186-1196. [PMID: 38317460 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303256311231122094516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) is a widely used animal model to study the pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Yiqi Jiedu Xiaoying Decoction (YJXD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula with potential immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of YJXD on EAT in rats and explored its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Female Wistar rats were induced to develop EAT by immunization with thyroglobulin (Tg) and taken sodium iodide water (0.05%) and then treated with YJXD or sodium selenite. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of thyroid tissue in EAT rats. Th17 and Treg cell frequencies were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the expression levels of Th17- and Treg-related cytokines and thyroid autoantibody were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of Th17- and Treg-related transcriptional factors was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS Our results demonstrated that treatment with YJXD significantly attenuated the severity of EAT, as evidenced by reduced thyroid gland inflammatory infiltration and decreased serum thyroglobulin autoantibody levels. Importantly, YJXD treatment effectively modulated the Th17/Treg cell balance by suppressing Th17 cell differentiation and promoting Treg cell expansion. Moreover, YJXD was also found to regulate the expression levels of Th17- and Treg-related cytokines and transcriptional factors, further supporting its immunomodulatory effects in EAT. CONCLUSION YJXD exerted therapeutic effects on EAT by regulating the Th17/Treg cell balance, modulating the production of Th17- and Treg-related cytokines and the expression of transcriptional factors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Female
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/immunology
- Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/drug therapy
- Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- Rats
- Disease Models, Animal
- Cytokines/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 2500355, China
| | - Shumin Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Shiyin Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 2500355, China
| | - Yang Cui
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai Penglai People's Hospital, Yantai 265600, China
| | - Jianyu Ren
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Dongying, Dongying 257091, China
| | - Enquan Yang
- Cardiovascular Department, Tangshan Nanhu Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Lining Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 2500355, China
| | - Xiaoke Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuchang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuchang 461000, China
| | - Ailing Ren
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongying New District Hospital, Dongying 257029, China
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Reduction in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis by IgG Fc fragments bearing regRF epitopes. Immunol Res 2023; 71:83-91. [PMID: 36344864 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we identified a new immunoregulatory factor, the production of which provides rats with resistance to certain experimental autoimmune diseases. It has been named regulatory rheumatoid factor (regRF). RegRF inhibits the expansion of CD4 T lymphocytes by killing activated cells. CD4 T cells are essential for antibody production against a majority of antigens and for the generation of cytotoxic T cells; therefore, regRF is an attractive therapeutic biotarget for T-cell and antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases. RegRF is anti-idiotypic antibodies that have a shared paratope in addition to an individual paratope. Epitopes specific to the shared regRF paratope (regRF epitopes) can be obtained on conformers of IgG Fc fragments. Immunization with Fc fragments carrying regRF epitopes reduces rat collagen-induced arthritis and diminishes experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The aim of this study was to determine whether IgG Fc fragments bearing regRF epitopes suppress experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT). Four weeks after EAT induction, rats were immunized with IgG Fc fragments exhibiting regRF epitopes. Histology studies of the thyroid were performed 4 weeks later. Thyroid function and other parameters were also evaluated. Treatment of rats with Fc fragments bearing regRF epitopes decreased the number of rats affected by EAT, significantly decreased the extent of thyroid damage, prevented thyroid metaplasia, and restored normal thyroid hormone production. Therefore, RegRF is a promising biotarget in autoimmune thyroiditis, and Fc fragments bearing regRF epitopes are a potential therapeutic agent for that condition.
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Chen A, Huang L, Zhang L. Helper T Cell 17 and Regulatory T Cell Levels in Peripheral Blood of Newly Diagnosed Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Horm Metab Res 2023; 55:40-50. [PMID: 36332627 DOI: 10.1055/a-1972-5787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to explore associated immune indicators of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) through a meta-analysis of published case-control studies on newly diagnosed AITD patients, intending to provide some suggestions for research on the mechanisms of AITD. Six electronic databases were searched for case-control studies on newly diagnosed AITD patients from inception to August 15, 2022. A random-effects model was used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD), odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). A total of 26 articles were included in this meta-analysis. Patients with newly diagnosed AITD had higher levels of helper T cell 17 (Th17) (Hashimoto's disease (HT): SMD=2.35, 95% CI: 1.98, 2.72; Graves' disease (GD): SMD=1.61, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.98), lower levels of regulatory T cell (Treg) (HT: SMD=-2.04, 95% CI: -2.67, -1.42; GD: SMD=-1.35, 95% CI: -2.11, -0.58), and lower levels of forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) mRNA (HT: SMD=-2.58, 95% CI: -3.12, -2.05; GD: SMD=-2.13, 95% CI: -2.56, -1.70), compared to the healthy population. In addition, the single nucleotide polymorphism rs3761548 and rs3761549 in the promoter region of FoxP3 showed a higher frequency in the comparison of genotype "CT" only in HT patients than in the healthy population (OR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.18, 2.34). In patients with newly diagnosed AITD, the Th17/Treg ratio imbalance may develop AITD. Monitoring Th17 and Treg levels may become an essential tool to assess the organism's immune homeostasis and hopefully guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Putian First Hospital, Putian, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Liqin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
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Stem cells therapy for thyroid diseases: progress and challenges. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2022; 96:100665. [PMID: 35371349 PMCID: PMC8968462 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2022.100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid hormones are indispensable for organ development and maintaining homeostasis. Thyroid diseases, including thyroiditis and thyroid cancer, affect the normal secretion of hormones and result in thyroid dysfunction. Objective This review focuses on therapeutic applications of stem cells for thyroid diseases. Methods A literature search of Medline and PubMed was conducted (January 2000–July 2021) to identify recent reports on stem cell therapy for thyroid diseases. Results Stem cells are partially developed cell types. They have the capacity to form specialized cells. Besides embryonic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, organ resident stem cells and cancer stem cells are recently reported to have important roles in forming organ specific cells and cancers. Stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells, have anti-inflammatory and anticancer functions as well. Conclusions This review outlines the therapeutic potency of embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, thyroid resident stem cells, and thyroid cancer stem cells in thyroid cells’ regeneration, thyroid function modulation, thyroiditis suppression, and antithyroid cancers. Stem cells represent a promising form of treatment for thyroid disorders.
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Fang J, Yu L, Zhuang LG, Pei XY, Wang Q, Jin GX. The changes in peripheral blood Th17 and Treg ratios in Hashimoto's thyroiditis are accompanied by differential PD-1/PD-L1 expression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:959477. [PMID: 36093111 PMCID: PMC9454193 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.959477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the percentages of T helper 17 cells (Th17s) and T regulatory cells (Tregs) in autoimmune Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and the expression of the checkpoint molecules programmed death receptor 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) on these cells. METHODS This is a case-control study involving 53 initially diagnosed HT patients (HT group) and 21 normal controls (NC group). The peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the individuals of the two groups were isolated and restimulated ex vivo; the percentage of Th17s, Tregs, PD-1+ Th17s, PD-L1+ Th17s, PD-1+ Tregs, and PD-L1+ Tregs was assessed by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS (1) The percentage of Th17s in the peripheral blood of the HT group was significantly higher than that of the NC group [(6.38 ± 1.32)% versus (3.12 ± 0.66)%; t = 14.110, P < 0.001], while the percentage of peripheral blood Tregs was significantly lower [(3.82 ± 1.48)% versus (5.61 ± 1.60)%; t = -4.599, P < 0.001]. (2) HT patients' Th17s expressed PD-1 at a significantly lower frequency than their counterparts in the NC [(6.46 ± 2.77)% versus (18.51 ± 3.96)%; t = -14.842, P < 0.001], while no difference was observed for PD-L1 between the two groups. (3) In contrast, both PD-1 and PD-L1 were expressed at significantly higher frequency on HT patients' Tregs than on NC [respectively: (17.01 ± 3.04)% versus (10.23 ± 2.77)%; t = 8.850, P < 0.001 for PD-1; (16.60 ± 9.58)% versus (11.36 ± 10.14)%; t = 2.089, P < 0.005, for PD-L1]. CONCLUSION (1) The increased percentage of Th17s and decreased percentage of PD-1+ Th17s in the HT group suggest that a loss of control on Th17 activity through the checkpoint inhibitory axis PD-1/PD-L1 may participate in disease pathogenesis. (2) While the decreased percentage of Tregs in HT patients may explain a lack of regulatory functions able to prevent the autoimmune destruction of the thyroid, the significance of the increased frequency of Tregs expressing PD-1 and PD-L1, previously reported to boost Tregs differentiation, remains to be established. Elucidating this apparent contradiction may reveal important mechanisms underlying HT pathogenesis.
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Wang W, Zhang BT, Jiang QL, Zhao HQ, Xu Q, Zeng Y, Xu JY, Jiang J. Leptin receptor antagonist attenuates experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice by regulating Treg/Th17 cell differentiation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1042511. [PMID: 36339447 PMCID: PMC9630560 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1042511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin has been found to be involved in the development and progression of many autoimmune diseases. As an organ-specific autoimmune disease, the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis has not been fully elucidated. It has been reported that serum leptin level is increased in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, but other studies have not shown any difference. We replicated a mouse model of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) with a high-iodine diet and found that injection of the leptin receptor antagonist Allo-aca reduced thyroid follicle destruction and inflammatory cell infiltration in EAT mice, and thyroxine and thyroid autoimmune antibody levels. Further investigation revealed that Allo-aca promotes the differentiation of Treg cells and inhibits the differentiation of Th17 cells. We believe that Allo-aca can alter the differentiation of Treg/Th17 cells by inhibiting the leptin signaling pathway, thereby alleviating thyroid injury in EAT mice. Interfering with the leptin signaling pathway may be a novel new approach to treat treating and ameliorating Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bo-Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi-Lan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Han-Qing Zhao
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Zeng
- Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Jiang, ; Jia-Ying Xu,
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Jiang, ; Jia-Ying Xu,
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Bicer A, Ercin BS, Gürler T, Yiğittürk G, Uyanikgil Y, Cetin EO. Possibility of Taking an Offensive Stance in Extravasation Injury: Effects of Fat Injection in Vesicant (Doxorubicin) Induced Skin Necrosis Model in Rats. J INVEST SURG 2021; 35:801-808. [PMID: 34402353 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2021.1966142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extravasation injuries are one of the most feared complications of intravenous drug administration. The most common drugs associated with extravasation injury include chemotherapy agents and contrast media. Natural course of vesicant extravasation is discomfort, pain, swelling, inflammation, and ultimately skin ulceration. While diligence is the principle approach in prevention, immediate bed-side measures are as important in controlling the extent of tissue damage. Various options, either medical or interventional are next steps in treatment of the condition including antidotes, volume dilution, flushing, suction, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS 12 male Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups; one group received fat injections following subdermal doxorubicin infiltration in their right thighs, while other group received saline injection following subdermal doxorubicin infiltration in their right thighs for dilution. Left thighs of both groups were left untreated following subdermal doxorubicin infiltration. Total area of necrosis, as well as resultant epidermal thicknesses were assessed. Histological analyses were conducted using modified Verhofstad scoring system for comparison. RESULTS Mean necrotic area was significantly smaller in the fat injection group compared to other groups. Median Verhofstad score was lesser in the fat injection group as well. Median epidermal thickness, on the other hand, was greater in the fat injection group. CONCLUSION Injection of fat grafts following vesicant extravasation might be beneficial in preventing the progression of tissue damage, if employed early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Bicer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burak Sercan Ercin
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic surgery, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic surgery, Medicalpark Pendik Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tahir Gürler
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Yiğittürk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Yigit Uyanikgil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Stem Cell, Ege University, Health Science Institue, Izmir, Turkey.,Cord Blood, Cell and Tissue Research and Application Centre, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emel Oyku Cetin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Regulatory Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on T Cell Phenotypes in Autoimmune Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5583994. [PMID: 33859701 PMCID: PMC8024100 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5583994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) starts from the earliest assumption that cells derived from the bone marrow have the ability to repair tissues. Several scientists have since documented the crucial role of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) in processes such as embryonic bone and cartilage formation, adult fracture and tissue repair, and immunomodulatory activities in therapeutic applications. In addition to BM-MSCs, several sources of MSCs have been reported to possess tissue repair and immunoregulatory abilities, making them potential treatment options for many diseases. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of MSCs in various diseases including autoimmune conditions has been explored. In addition to an imbalance of T cell subsets in most patients with autoimmune diseases, they also exhibit complex disease manifestations, overlapping symptoms among diseases, and difficult treatment. MSCs can regulate T cell subsets to restore their immune homeostasis toward disease resolution in autoimmune conditions. This review summarizes the role of MSCs in relieving autoimmune diseases via the regulation of T cell phenotypes.
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Terraza-Aguirre C, Campos-Mora M, Elizondo-Vega R, Contreras-López RA, Luz-Crawford P, Jorgensen C, Djouad F. Mechanisms behind the Immunoregulatory Dialogue between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Th17 Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071660. [PMID: 32664207 PMCID: PMC7408034 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit potent immunoregulatory abilities by interacting with cells of the adaptive and innate immune system. In vitro, MSCs inhibit the differentiation of T cells into T helper 17 (Th17) cells and repress their proliferation. In vivo, the administration of MSCs to treat various experimental inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and bowel disease showed promising therapeutic results. These therapeutic properties mediated by MSCs are associated with an attenuated immune response characterized by a reduced frequency of Th17 cells and the generation of regulatory T cells. In this manuscript, we review how MSC and Th17 cells interact, communicate, and exchange information through different ways such as cell-to-cell contact, secretion of soluble factors, and organelle transfer. Moreover, we discuss the consequences of this dynamic dialogue between MSC and Th17 well described by their phenotypic and functional plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Terraza-Aguirre
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (C.T.-A.); (R.A.C.-L.)
| | | | - Roberto Elizondo-Vega
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biología Celular, Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | | | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile;
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (C.T.-A.); (R.A.C.-L.)
- CHU Montpellier, F-34295 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (C.J.); (F.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)-4-67-33-77-96 (C.J.); +33-(0)-4-67-33-04-75 (F.D.)
| | - Farida Djouad
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (C.T.-A.); (R.A.C.-L.)
- Correspondence: (C.J.); (F.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)-4-67-33-77-96 (C.J.); +33-(0)-4-67-33-04-75 (F.D.)
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