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Pinheiro AV, Petrucci GN, Dourado A, Pires I. Anaesthesia in Veterinary Oncology: The Effects of Surgery, Volatile and Intravenous Anaesthetics on the Immune System and Tumour Spread. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3392. [PMID: 37958147 PMCID: PMC10648213 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the course of oncological disease, the majority of patients require surgical, anaesthetic and analgesic intervention. However, during the perioperative period, anaesthetic agents and techniques, surgical tissue trauma, adjuvant drugs for local pain and inflammation and other non-pharmacological factors, such as blood transfusions, hydration, temperature and nutrition, may influence the prognosis of the disease. These factors significantly impact the oncologic patient's immune response, which is the primary barrier to tumour progress, promoting a window of vulnerability for its dissemination and recurrence. More research is required to ascertain which anaesthetics and techniques have immunoprotective and anti-tumour effects, which will contribute to developing novel anaesthetic strategies in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vidal Pinheiro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.D.); (I.P.)
| | - Gonçalo N. Petrucci
- Onevetgroup Hospital Veterinário do Porto (HVP), 4250-475 Porto, Portugal;
- Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Vasco da Gama University School (EUVG), 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amândio Dourado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.D.); (I.P.)
- Onevetgroup Hospital Veterinário do Porto (HVP), 4250-475 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Pires
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.D.); (I.P.)
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Gu L, Pan X, Wang C, Wang L. The benefits of propofol on cancer treatment: Decipher its modulation code to immunocytes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919636. [PMID: 36408275 PMCID: PMC9672338 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anesthetics are essential for cancer surgery, but accumulated research have proven that some anesthetics promote the occurrence of certain cancers, leading to adverse effects in the lives of patients. Although anesthetic technology is mature, there is no golden drug selection standard for surgical cancer treatment. To afford the responsibility of human health, a more specific regimen for cancer resection is indeed necessary. Immunosuppression in oncologic surgery has an adverse influence on the outcomes of patients. The choice of anesthetic strategies influences perioperative immunity. Among anesthetics, propofol has shown positive effects on immunity. Apart from that, propofol's anticancer effect has been generally reported, which makes it more significant in oncologic surgery. However, the immunoregulative function of propofol is not reorganized well. Herein, we have summarized the impact of propofol on different immunocytes, proposed its potential mechanism for the positive effect on cancer immunity, and offered a conceivable hypothesis on its regulation to postoperative inflammation. We conclude that the priority of propofol is high in oncologic surgery and propofol may be a promising immunomodulatory drug for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Gu
- First Operating Room, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueqi Pan
- Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chongcheng Wang
- Trauma Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Yi S, Tao X, Wang Y, Cao Q, Zhou Z, Wang S. Effects of propofol on macrophage activation and function in diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:964771. [PMID: 36059940 PMCID: PMC9428246 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.964771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages work with monocytes and dendritic cells to form a monocyte immune system, which constitutes a powerful cornerstone of the immune system with their powerful antigen presentation and phagocytosis. Macrophages play an essential role in infection, inflammation, tumors and other pathological conditions, but these cells also have non-immune functions, such as regulating lipid metabolism and maintaining homeostasis. Propofol is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic in the clinic. Propofol has sedative, hypnotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation effects, and it participates in the body’s immunity. The regulation of propofol on immune cells, especially macrophages, has a profound effect on the occurrence and development of human diseases. We summarized the effects of propofol on macrophage migration, recruitment, differentiation, polarization, and pyroptosis, and the regulation of these propofol-regulated macrophage functions in inflammation, infection, tumor, and organ reperfusion injury. The influence of propofol on pathology and prognosis via macrophage regulation is also discussed. A better understanding of the effects of propofol on macrophage activation and function in human diseases will provide a new strategy for the application of clinical narcotic drugs and the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Yi
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyi Tao
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qianqian Cao
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhixia Zhou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Zhixia Zhou, ; Shoushi Wang,
| | - Shoushi Wang
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Zhixia Zhou, ; Shoushi Wang,
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Rong M, Yan X, Zhang H, Zhou C, Zhang C. Dysfunction of Decidual Macrophages Is a Potential Risk Factor in the Occurrence of Preeclampsia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:655655. [PMID: 34054819 PMCID: PMC8152936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.655655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a multi-factorial and multi-genetic disorder that affects more than eight million mother and baby pairs each year. Currently, most of the attention to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia has been focused on placenta, but recent progresses suggest that excellent decidualization lays foundation for placentation and growth. Moreover, preeclampsia is associated with an imbalance in immunoregulatory mechanisms, however, how the immune regulatory system in the decidua affects preeclampsia is still unclear. In our study, after intersecting the genes of differentially expressed between preeclampsia and the control gotten by conventional expression profile analysis and the genes contained in the ligand receptor network, we found eight differentially expressed genes in a ligand-receptor relationship, and the eight genes have a characteristic: most of them participate in the interaction between decidual macrophages and other decidual immune cells. The results of single-cell sequencing of decidual cells further demonstrated that decidual macrophages affect the functions of other immune cells through export. As a result, abnormal gene expression affects the export function of decidual macrophages, which in turn affects the interaction of decidual macrophages with other immune cells, thereby destroying the original immune regulation mechanism, and ultimately leading to the occurrence of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Rong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Xingyu Yan
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongya Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Chan Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
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Propofol Suppresses LPS-Induced Inflammation in Amnion Cells via Inhibition of NF-κB Activation. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:301-309. [PMID: 31205858 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm labor is a leading risk factor for neonatal death and long-term impairment and linked closely with inflammation. Non-obstetric surgery is occasionally needed during pregnancy and the anesthetic drugs or surgery itself can give rise to inflammation. Here, we examined the influence of propofol pretreatment on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. In addition, we evaluated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Methods Human amnion-derived WISH cells were used to investigate the effect of propofol on the LPS-induced expression of inflammatory substances involved in preterm labor. For the experiment, WISH cells were pretreated with various concentrations propofol (0.01-10 μg/ml) for 1 h and then treated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 24 h. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT assay. PGE2 concentration was assessed by ELISA. Protein expressions of COX-2, PGE2 and NF-κB were analyzed by western blotting analysis. RT-PCR was used for analysis of mRNA expression of COX-2, PGE2, interlukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Results Propofol showed no cytotoxicity on the WISH cells. LPS-induced PGE2 production and COX-2 and PGE2 expression were decreased after propofol pretreatment. Propofol also attenuated the LPS-induced mRNA expression of IL-1β and TNF-α. Moreover, the activation of NF-κB was inhibited by propofol pretreatment on LPS-stimulated WISH cells. Conclusion We demonstrated that propofol suppresses the expression of inflammatory substances enhanced by LPS stimulation. Furthermore, this inhibitory effect of propofol on the inflammatory substance expression is mediated by suppression of NF-κB activation.
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Han X, Sun F, Zhang Y, Wang J, Liu Q, Gao P, Zhang S. The protective effect of propofol on ionizing radiation-induced hematopoietic system damage in mice. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36366-36373. [PMID: 35540614 PMCID: PMC9075036 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07262d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Propofol protects against radiation-induced hematopoietic system damage by reducing cellular ROS, partly through the Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Han
- Affiliated Hospital
- North China University of Science and Technology
- Tangshan
- China
| | - Fengtao Sun
- Affiliated Hospital
- North China University of Science and Technology
- Tangshan
- China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital
- North China University of Science and Technology
- Tangshan
- China
| | | | | | - Ping Gao
- Affiliated Hospital
- North China University of Science and Technology
- Tangshan
- China
| | - Shubo Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital
- North China University of Science and Technology
- Tangshan
- China
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Perry NJS, Wigmore T. Propofol (TIVA) Versus Volatile-Based Anesthetics: Is There Any Oncological Benefit? CURRENT ANESTHESIOLOGY REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40140-018-0296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Anesthesia for awake craniotomy: a how-to guide for the occasional practitioner. Can J Anaesth 2017; 64:517-529. [DOI: 10.1007/s12630-017-0840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Visvabharathy L, Xayarath B, Weinberg G, Shilling RA, Freitag NE. Propofol Increases Host Susceptibility to Microbial Infection by Reducing Subpopulations of Mature Immune Effector Cells at Sites of Infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138043. [PMID: 26381144 PMCID: PMC4575148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anesthetics are known to modulate host immune responses, but separating the variables of surgery from anesthesia when analyzing hospital acquired infections is often difficult. Here, the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) was used to assess the impact of the common anesthetic propofol on host susceptibility to infection. Brief sedation of mice with physiologically relevant concentrations of propofol increased bacterial burdens in target organs by more than 10,000-fold relative to infected control animals. The adverse effects of propofol sedation on immune clearance of Lm persisted after recovery from sedation, as animals given the drug remained susceptible to infection for days following anesthesia. In contrast to propofol, sedation with alternative anesthetics such as ketamine/xylazine or pentobarbital did not increase susceptibility to systemic Lm infection. Propofol altered systemic cytokine and chemokine expression during infection, and prevented effective bacterial clearance by inhibiting the recruitment and/or activity of immune effector cells at sites of infection. Propofol exposure induced a marked reduction in marginal zone macrophages in the spleens of Lm infected mice, resulting in bacterial dissemination into deep tissue. Propofol also significantly increased mouse kidney abscess formation following infection with the common nosocomial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Taken together, these data indicate that even brief exposure to propofol severely compromises host resistance to microbial infection for days after recovery from sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Visvabharathy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bobbi Xayarath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Guy Weinberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Shilling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nancy E. Freitag
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Inada T, Hirota K, Shingu K. Intravenous anesthetic propofol suppresses prostaglandin E2 and cysteinyl leukotriene production and reduces edema formation in arachidonic acid-induced ear inflammation. J Immunotoxicol 2014; 12:261-5. [PMID: 25046027 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2014.938874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Propofol is an intravenous drug widely used for anesthesia and sedation. Previously, propofol was shown to inhibit cyclo-oxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activities. Because these enzyme-inhibiting effects have only been demonstrated in vitro, this study sought to ascertain whether similar effects might also be observed in vivo. In the current studies, effects of propofol were tested in a murine model of arachidonic acid-induced ear inflammation. Specifically, propofol - as a pre-treatment -- was intraperitoneally and then topical application of arachidonic acid was performed. After 1 h, tissue biopsies were collected and tested for the presence of edema and for levels of inflammatory mediators. The results indicated that the administration of propofol significantly suppressed ear edema formation, tissue myeloperoxidase activity, and tissue production of both prostaglandin E2 and cysteinyl leukotrienes. From the data, it can be concluded that propofol could exert anti-COX and anti-5-LOX activities in an in vivo model and that these activities in turn could have, at least in part, suppressed arachidonic acid-induced edema formation in the ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Inada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
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Kim JD, Ahn BM, Joo BS, Kwon JY, Chung HJ, Yu SB. Effect of propofol on prostaglandin E2 production and prostaglandin synthase-2 and cyclooxygenase-2 expressions in amniotic membrane cells. J Anesth 2014; 28:911-8. [PMID: 24752596 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-014-1830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgery during pregnancy can be a cause of preterm labor or birth, possibly resulting from anesthetic agents or direct effects of surgery. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of propofol on uterine contractility by examining prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and the expression of PGE synthase 2 (PGES2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in amniotic membrane cells. METHODS Amniotic membranes were collected from healthy full-term women who underwent cesarean section at 37-40 weeks of gestation. The amniotic cells were cultured in α-modified-Eagle's medium with 10% fetal bovine serum for 24 h at 5% CO2 in a 37 °C incubator. Then, various doses of propofol (0.01-10 μg/ml) were used for treatment for 3 h. PGE2 concentrations in conditioned media were evaluated using ELISA. PGES2 and COX-2 expression were examined using RT-PCR and Western blot. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined by MTT, ATP assays, and the TUNEL method. RESULTS PGE2 production significantly decreased at 0.1 and 1.0 μg/ml propofol concentrations compared to controls. COX-2 and PGES2 mRNA expression was decreased in a dose-dependent manner with a significant difference at 0.1 μg/ml propofol compared to controls. The protein expression of COX-2 showed a similar result to mRNA expression, but protein expression of PGES2 was not significantly decreased. No effect of propofol was found in cell viability. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that propofol reduced the production of PGE2 and the expression of COX-2 and PGES2 without affecting cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Deok Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, 34 Amnam-dong, Seogu, Busan, 602-702, Korea
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Protein Adsorption Patterns and Analysis on IV Nanoemulsions-The Key Factor Determining the Organ Distribution. Pharmaceutics 2012; 5:36-68. [PMID: 24300396 PMCID: PMC3834939 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics5010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous nanoemulsions have been on the market for parenteral nutrition since the 1950s; meanwhile, they have also been used successfully for IV drug delivery. To be well tolerable, the emulsions should avoid uptake by the MPS cells of the body; for drug delivery, they should be target-specific. The organ distribution is determined by the proteins adsorbing them after injection from the blood (protein adsorption pattern), typically analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 2-D PAGE. The article reviews the 2-D PAGE method, the analytical problems to be faced and the knowledge available on how the composition of emulsions affects the protein adsorption patterns, e.g., the composition of the oil phase, stabilizer layer and drug incorporation into the interface or oil core. Data were re-evaluated and compared, and the implications for the in vivo distribution are discussed. Major results are that the interfacial composition of the stabilizer layer is the main determining factor and that this composition can be modulated by simple processes. Drug incorporation affects the pattern depending on the localization of the drug (oil core versus interface). The data situation regarding in vivo effects is very limited; mainly, it has to be referred to in the in vivo data of polymeric nanoparticles. As a conclusion, determination of the protein adsorption patterns can accelerate IV nanoemulsion formulation development regarding optimized organ distribution and related pharmacokinetics.
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Oxidative and antioxidative effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on rat tissue in vivo. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2011; 62:113-9. [PMID: 21705298 DOI: 10.2478/10004-1254-62-2011-2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
General anaesthetics are often used in patients who are under oxidative stress due to a critical illness or surgical trauma. Some anaesthetics may worsen oxidative stress and some may act as antioxidants. The aim of this study was to evaluate liver, brain, kidney, and lung tissue oxidative stress in rats exposed to desflurane and sevoflurane and in unexposed rats. The animals were divided in three groups: control (received only air); sevoflurane (8 %), and desflurane (4 %). After four hours of exposure, we evaluated the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Cu, and Zn. Exposure to either of the anaesthetics significantly increased lung MDA levels compared to control (Mann-Whitney U test; P<0.05), probably because it is the tissue directly exposed to anaesthetic gases. Oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in other tissues varied between the desflurane and sevoflurane groups. Our results suggest that anaesthesiologist should not only be aware of the oxidative or antioxidative potential of anaesthetics they use, but should also base their choices on organs which are the most affected by their oxidative action.
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Inada T, Kubo K, Shingu K. Possible link between cyclooxygenase-inhibiting and antitumor properties of propofol. J Anesth 2011; 25:569-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-011-1163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Possible role of propofol's cyclooxygenase-inhibiting property in alleviating dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra in an MPTP-induced murine model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2011; 1387:125-33. [PMID: 21376018 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic widely used for sedation and general anesthesia. We investigated the effect of propofol on prostanoid production by activated microglia. Primary microglial culture was obtained from the brains of neonatal C57BL/6 mice. The microglia were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of propofol. Propofol suppressed the LPS-induced production of prostaglandin E(2) and thromboxane B(2). Cyclooxygenase (COX) protein expression and arachidonic acid release were not affected by propofol, while COX enzyme activity was significantly inhibited by propofol. The COX-inhibiting activity was also observed with purified enzymes, with COX-2 inhibition being significantly greater than COX-1 inhibition. Next, we studied whether the COX-inhibiting activity of propofol resulted in dopaminergic neuroprotection in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) murine model of Parkinson's disease, in which COX inhibitors, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are reported to be neuroprotective. C57BL/6 mice received intraperitoneal injections of MPTP with or without propofol treatment, and the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) were examined immunohistochemically by observing the tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells. The number of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc was significantly reduced by MPTP treatment, while the MPTP-induced neuronal loss was minimal upon treatment with propofol or the selective COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398. These results indicate that propofol might be beneficial in mitigating MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurons, possibly via its COX-inhibiting activity.
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Promotion of interferon-gamma production by natural killer cells via suppression of murine peritoneal macrophage prostaglandin E2 production using intravenous anesthetic propofol. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:1200-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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