1
|
Tanikawa A, Fujihara T, Nakajima N, Maeda Y, Nogata Y, Yoshimura E, Okada Y, Chiba K, Kitano Y. Anti-Barnacle Activities of Isothiocyanates Derived from β-Citronellol and Their Structure-Activity Relationships. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200953. [PMID: 36567259 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antifouling agents with low toxicity are in high demand for sustaining marine industries and the environment. This study aimed to synthesize 15 isothiocyanates derived from β-citronellol and evaluate their antifouling activities and toxicities against cypris larvae of the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite. The synthesized isothiocyanates exhibited effective antifouling activities (EC50 =0.10-3.33 μg mL-1 ) with high therapeutic ratios (LC50 /EC50 >30). Four isothiocyanates with an amide or isocyano group showed great potential as effective antifouling agents (EC50 =0.10-0.32 μg mL-1 , LC50 /EC50 =104-833). The enantiomers of the isothiocyanates only slightly differed in their antifouling activities. These results may serve as a basis for further research and development of β-citronellol-derived isothiocyanates as effective low-toxic antifouling agents. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the antifouling activities of isothiocyanates derived from accessible natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aina Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takaya Fujihara
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Natsumi Nakajima
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yuka Maeda
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nogata
- Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko-shi, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
| | | | - Yohei Okada
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kitano
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gallic acid derivatives as inhibitors of mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) larval settlement: Lead optimization, biological evaluation and use in antifouling coatings. Bioorg Chem 2022; 126:105911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
3
|
Antibiofouling potential of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids: Studies against biofouling barnacle larvae. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
4
|
Feng DQ, He J, Chen SY, Su P, Ke CH, Wang W. The Plant Alkaloid Camptothecin as a Novel Antifouling Compound for Marine Paints: Laboratory Bioassays and Field Trials. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:623-638. [PMID: 29860659 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of copper and booster biocides in antifouling (AF) paints has raised environmental concerns and the need to develop new AF agents. In the present study, 18 alkaloids derived from terrestrial plants were initially evaluated for AF activity using laboratory bioassays with the bryozoan Bugula neritina and the barnacle Balanus albicostatus. The results showed that 4 of the 18 alkaloids were effective in inhibiting larval settlement of B. neritina, with an EC50 range of 6.18 to 43.11 μM, and 15 of the 18 alkaloids inhibited larval settlement of B. albicostatus, with EC50 values ranging from 1.18 to 67.58 μM. Field trials that incorporated five alkaloids respectively into paints with 20% w/w indicated an in situ AF efficiency of evodiamine, strychnine, camptothecin (CPT), and cepharanthine, with the most potent compound being CPT, which also exhibited stronger AF efficiency than the commercial antifoulants cuprous oxide and zinc pyrithione in the field over a period of 12 months. Further field trials with different CPT concentrations (0.1 to 20% w/w) in the paints suggested a concentration-dependent AF performance in the natural environment, and the effective concentrations to significantly inhibit settlement of biofoulers in the field were ≥ 0.5% w/w (the efficiency of 0.5% w/w lasted for 2 months). Moreover, CPT toxicity against the crustacean Artemia salina, the planktonic microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Isochrysis galbana, was examined. The results showed that 24 h LC50 of CPT against A. salina was 20.75 μM, and 96 h EC50 (growth inhibition) values of CPT to P. tricornutum and I. galbana were 55.81 and 6.29 μM, respectively, indicating that CPT was comparatively less toxic than several commercial antifoulants previously reported. Our results suggest the novel potential application of CPT as an antifoulant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qing Feng
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian He
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Yu Chen
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Su
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Huan Ke
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Inoue Y, Takashima S, Nogata Y, Yoshimura E, Chiba K, Kitano Y. Isocyanides Derived from α,α-Disubstituted Amino Acids: Synthesis and Antifouling Activity Assessment. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1700571. [PMID: 29381256 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we contribute to the development of environmentally friendly antifoulants by synthesizing eighteen isocyanides derived from α,α-disubstituted amino acids and evaluating their antifouling activity/toxicity against the cypris larvae of the Balanus amphitrite barnacle. Almost all isocyanides showed good antifouling activity without significant toxicity and exhibited EC50 values of 0.07 - 7.30 μg/mL after 120-h exposure. The lowest EC50 values were observed for valine-, methionine-, and phenylalanine-derived isocyanides, which achieved > 95% cypris larvae settlement inhibition at concentrations of less than 30 μg/mL without exhibiting significant toxicity. Thus, the prepared isocyanides should be useful for further research focused on the development of environmentally friendly antifouling agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Inoue
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shuhei Takashima
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nogata
- Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko-shi, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kitano
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fukuda T, Wagatsuma H, Kominami Y, Nogata Y, Yoshimura E, Chiba K, Kitano Y. Anti-barnacle Activity of Isocyanides Derived from Amino Acids. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:1502-1510. [PMID: 27449975 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Creation of new potent antifouling active compounds is important for the development of environmentally friendly antifouling agents. Fifteen isocyanide congeners derived from proteinogenic amino acids were synthesized, and the antifouling activity and toxicity of these compounds against cypris larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite were investigated. All synthesized amino acid-isocyanides exhibited potent anti-barnacle activity with EC50 values of 0.07 - 10.34 μg/ml after 120 h exposure without significant toxicity. In addition, seven compounds showed more than 95% settlement inhibition of the cypris larvae at 10 μg/ml after 120 h exposure without any mortality observed. Considering their structure, these amino acid-isocyanides would eventually be biodegraded to their original nontoxic amino acids. These should be useful for further research focused on the development of environmentally friendly antifoulants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Fukuda
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hideki Wagatsuma
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kominami
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nogata
- Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko-shi, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kitano
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Umezawa T, Sato A, Ameda Y, Casalme LO, Matsuda F. Synthetic study on dolastatin 16: concise and scalable synthesis of two unusual amino acid units. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
8
|
Nishikawa K, Nakahara H, Shirokura Y, Nogata Y, Yoshimura E, Umezawa T, Okino T, Matsuda F. Total synthesis of 10-isocyano-4-cadinene and its stereoisomers and evaluations of antifouling activities. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6558-73. [PMID: 21755975 DOI: 10.1021/jo2008109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective total synthesis of 10-isocyano-4-cadinene, a marine sesquiterpene isolated from nudibranchs of the family Phyllidiidae, and determination of its absolute stereochemistry were achieved. 10-Isocyano-4-cadinene is expected to be a novel nontoxic antifouling agent. In the synthesis, intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction and samarium diiodide induced Barbier-type cyclization were employed as key steps. The absolute configuration of 10-isocyano-4-cadinene was determined as (1S,6S,7R,10S) by comparison of the optical rotations between natural and synthetic samples. In addition, the authors successfully synthesized 10-epi- and di-1,6-epi-10-isocyano-4-cadinene through the same synthetic pathway. Antifouling activities against Balanus amphitrite with the cadinenes were also evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nishikawa
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kitano Y, Akima C, Yoshimura E, Nogata Y. Anti-barnacle activity of novel simple alkyl isocyanides derived from citronellol. BIOFOULING 2011; 27:201-205. [PMID: 21279869 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2011.553282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Twenty novel simple alkyl isocyanides derived from citronellol were synthesized and evaluated for their antifouling activity and toxicity against cypris larvae of the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite. The anti-barnacle activity of the synthesized isocyanides was in the EC(50) range of 0.08-1.49 μg ml(-1). Simple isocyanides containing a benzoate and chloro group showed the most potent anti-barnacle activity. In addition, none of the synthesized compounds showed significant toxicity and LC(50) values were <10 μg ml(-1). The LC(50)/EC(50) ratios of almost all of the synthesized compounds were >10(2). The results indicate that these simple isocyanides are promising low-toxicity antifouling agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Kitano
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nishikawa K, Nakahara H, Shirokura Y, Nogata Y, Yoshimura E, Umezawa T, Okino T, Matsuda F. Total Synthesis of 10-Isocyano-4-cadinene and Determination of Its Absolute Configuration. Org Lett 2010; 12:904-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9027336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nishikawa
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan, and CERES, Inc., 1-6-1 Ogawa-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0052, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakahara
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan, and CERES, Inc., 1-6-1 Ogawa-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0052, Japan
| | - Yousuke Shirokura
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan, and CERES, Inc., 1-6-1 Ogawa-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0052, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nogata
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan, and CERES, Inc., 1-6-1 Ogawa-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0052, Japan
| | - Erina Yoshimura
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan, and CERES, Inc., 1-6-1 Ogawa-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0052, Japan
| | - Taiki Umezawa
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan, and CERES, Inc., 1-6-1 Ogawa-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0052, Japan
| | - Tatsufumi Okino
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan, and CERES, Inc., 1-6-1 Ogawa-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0052, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Matsuda
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan, Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan, and CERES, Inc., 1-6-1 Ogawa-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0052, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Feng D, Ke C, Li S, Lu C, Guo F. Pyrethroids as promising marine antifoulants: laboratory and field studies. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2009; 11:153-160. [PMID: 18654821 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-008-9130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Due to the regulations and bans regarding the use of traditional toxic chemicals against marine fouling organisms and the practical impediments to the commercialization of natural product antifoulants, there is an urgent need for compounds that are antifouling-active, environmentally friendly, and have a potential for commercial application. In this study, a series of common, commercially available pyrethroid products, which are generally used as environmentally safe insecticides, was evaluated for antifouling activity in the laboratory using an anti-settlement test with cyprids of the barnacle Balanus albicostatus and also in a field experiment. Laboratory assay showed that all eleven pyrethroids (namely, rich d-trans-allethrin, Es-biothrin, rich d-prallethrin, S-prallethrin, tetramethrin, rich d-tetramethrin, phenothrin, cyphenothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, and high active cypermethrin) were able to inhibit barnacle settlement (EC(50) range of 0.0316 to 87.00 microg/ml) without significant toxicity. Analysis of structure-activity relationships suggested that the cyano group at the alpha-carbon position had a significant influence on the expression of antifouling activity in pyrethroids. In the field, the antifouling activity of pyrethroids was further confirmed, with the most potent pyrethroids being cypermethrin and high active cypermethrin, which displayed efficiency comparable with that of tributyltin. In summary, our investigation indicated that these pyrethroids have a great and practical commercial potential as antifouling agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Feng
- Key State Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Murthy PS, Venugopalan VP, Nair KVK, Subramoniam T. Larval Settlement and Surfaces: Implications in Development of Antifouling Strategies. MARINE AND INDUSTRIAL BIOFOULING 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-69796-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
13
|
Elbourne PD, Veater RA, Clare AS. Interaction of conspecific cues in Balanus amphitrite Darwin (Cirripedia) settlement assays: continued argument for the single-larva assay. BIOFOULING 2008; 24:87-96. [PMID: 18176875 DOI: 10.1080/08927010701802565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Gregariousness in marine invertebrate larvae is an important regulator of benthic community structure. Previous laboratory settlement assays employing Balanus amphitrite Darwin cyprids found gregarious effects with as few as 3 larvae well(-1), together with modulation of such effects by chemical cues. Here, the relationship between settlement rate and larval density was rigorously tested through a fully randomised design. Seawater conditioned with adult B.amphitrite was tested alongside unconditioned seawater to determine the effect of a conspecific cue on gregarious interactions. Gregarious effects were detected in both conditioned and unconditioned seawater at < or =4 larvae well(-1). In untreated seawater, settlement rate increased linearly with larval density, levelling off at densities of > or =10 larvae well(-1). In conditioned seawater, settlement induction was observed at < or =4 larvae well(-1), switching to inhibition at 6, 8 and 10 larvae well(-1), before asymptoting at the highest densities tested. These results advocate the use of individual larvae in laboratory assays that investigate factors stimulating barnacle settlement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Elbourne
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Paul VJ, Arthur KE, Ritson-Williams R, Ross C, Sharp K. Chemical defenses: from compounds to communities. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2007; 213:226-251. [PMID: 18083964 DOI: 10.2307/25066642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Marine natural products play critical roles in the chemical defense of many marine organisms and in some cases can influence the community structure of entire ecosystems. Although many marine natural products have been studied for biomedical activity, yielding important information about their biochemical effects and mechanisms of action, much less is known about ecological functions. The way in which marine consumers perceive chemical defenses can influence their health and survival and determine whether some natural products persist through a food chain. This article focuses on selected marine natural products, including okadaic acid, brevetoxins, lyngbyatoxin A, caulerpenyne, bryostatins, and isocyano terpenes, and examines their biosynthesis (sometimes by symbiotic microorganisms), mechanisms of action, and biological and ecological activity. We selected these compounds because their impacts on marine organisms and communities are some of the best-studied among marine natural products. We discuss the effects of these compounds on consumer behavior and physiology, with an emphasis on neuroecology. In addition to mediating a variety of trophic interactions, these compounds may be responsible for community-scale ecological impacts of chemically defended organisms, such as shifts in benthic and pelagic community composition. Our examples include harmful algal blooms; the invasion of the Mediterranean by Caulerpa taxifolia; overgrowth of coral reefs by chemically rich macroalgae and cyanobacteria; and invertebrate chemical defenses, including the role of microbial symbionts in compound production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lovern SB, Strickler JR, Klaper R. Behavioral and physiological changes in Daphnia magna when exposed to nanoparticle suspensions (titanium dioxide, nano-C60, and C60HxC70Hx). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:4465-70. [PMID: 17626453 PMCID: PMC2556055 DOI: 10.1021/es062146p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Little is known aboutthe impact manufactured nanoparticles will have on aquatic organisms. Previously, we demonstrated that toxicity differs with nanoparticle type and preparation and observed behavioral changes upon exposure to the more lethal nanoparticle suspensions. In this experiment, we quantified these behavioral and physiological responses of Daphnia magna at sublethal nanoparticle concentrations. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and fullerenes (nano-C60) were chosen for their potential use in technology. Other studies suggest that addition of functional groups to particles can affect their toxicity to cell cultures, but it is unknown if the same is true at the whole organism level. Therefore, a fullerene derivative, C60HxC70Hx, was also used to examine how functional groups affect Daphnia response. Using a high-speed camera, we quantified several behavior and physiological parameters including hopping frequency, feeding appendage and postabdominal curling movement, and heart rate. Nano-C60 was the only suspension to cause a significant change in heart rate. Exposure to both nano-C60 and C60HxC70Hx suspensions caused hopping frequency and appendage movement to increase. These results are associated with increased risk of predation and reproductive decline. They indicate that certain nanoparticle types may have impacts on population and food web dynamics in aquatic systems.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
This review covers the recent marine chemical ecology literature for phytoplankton, macroalgae, sponges and other benthic invertebrates; 249 references are cited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kitano Y, Nogata Y, Matsumura K, Yoshimura E, Chiba K, Tada M, Sakaguchi I. Design and synthesis of anti-barnacle active fluorescence-labeled probe compounds and direct observation of the target region in barnacle cypris larvae for dimethyl-isocyanoalkyl compounds. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|