1
|
Todisco V, Grill A, Fiedler K, Gottsberger B, Dincă V, Vodă R, Lukhtanov V, Letsch H. Molecular phylogeny of the Palaearctic butterfly genus Pseudophilotes (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with focus on the Sardinian endemic P. barbagiae. BMC ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40850-018-0032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
2
|
Bächtold A, Alves-Silva E, Del-Claro K. Ant-related oviposition is not associated to low parasitism of the myrmecophilous butterfly Allosmaitia strophius in an extrafloral nectaried shrub. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
3
|
Janz N, Nylin S. BUTTERFLIES AND PLANTS: A PHYLOGENETIC STUDY. Evolution 2017; 52:486-502. [PMID: 28568350 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb01648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/1996] [Accepted: 11/26/1997] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A database on host plant records from 437 ingroup taxa has been used to test a number of hypotheses on the interaction between butterflies and their host plants using phylogenetic methods (simple character optimization, concentrated changes test, and independent contrasts test). The butterfly phylogeny was assembled from various sources and host plant clades were identified according to Chase et al.'s rbcL-based phylogeny. The ancestral host plant appears to be associated within a highly derived rosid clade, including the family Fabaceae. As fossil data suggest that this clade is older than the butterflies, they must have colonized already diversified plants. Previous studies also suggest that the patterns of association in most insect-plant interactions are more shaped by host shifts, through colonization and specialization, than by cospeciation. Consequently, we have focused explicitly on the mechanisms behind host shifts. Our results confirm, in the light of new phylogenetic evidence, the pattern reported by Ehrlich and Raven that related butterflies feed on related plants. We show that host shifts have generally been more common between closely related plants than between more distantly related plants. This finding, together with the possibility of a higher tendency of recolonizing ancestral hosts, helps to explain the apparent large-scale conservation in the patterns of association between insects and their host plants, patterns which at the same time are more flexible on a more detailed level. Plant growth form was an even more conservative aspect of the interaction between butterflies and their host plants than plant phylogeny. However, this is largely explained by a higher probability of colonizations and host shifts while feeding on trees than on other growth forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Janz
- Department of Zoology, University of Stockholm, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sören Nylin
- Department of Zoology, University of Stockholm, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ferrer-Paris JR, Sánchez-Mercado A, Viloria ÁL, Donaldson J. Congruence and diversity of butterfly-host plant associations at higher taxonomic levels. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63570. [PMID: 23717448 PMCID: PMC3662771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We aggregated data on butterfly-host plant associations from existing sources in order to address the following questions: (1) is there a general correlation between host diversity and butterfly species richness?, (2) has the evolution of host plant use followed consistent patterns across butterfly lineages?, (3) what is the common ancestral host plant for all butterfly lineages? The compilation included 44,148 records from 5,152 butterfly species (28.6% of worldwide species of Papilionoidea) and 1,193 genera (66.3%). The overwhelming majority of butterflies use angiosperms as host plants. Fabales is used by most species (1,007 spp.) from all seven butterfly families and most subfamilies, Poales is the second most frequently used order, but is mostly restricted to two species-rich subfamilies: Hesperiinae (56.5% of all Hesperiidae), and Satyrinae (42.6% of all Nymphalidae). We found a significant and strong correlation between host plant diversity and butterfly species richness. A global test for congruence (Parafit test) was sensitive to uncertainty in the butterfly cladogram, and suggests a mixed system with congruent associations between Papilionidae and magnoliids, Hesperiidae and monocots, and the remaining subfamilies with the eudicots (fabids and malvids), but also numerous random associations. The congruent associations are also recovered as the most probable ancestral states in each node using maximum likelihood methods. The shift from basal groups to eudicots appears to be more likely than the other way around, with the only exception being a Satyrine-clade within the Nymphalidae that feed on monocots. Our analysis contributes to the visualization of the complex pattern of interactions at superfamily level and provides a context to discuss the timing of changes in host plant utilization that might have promoted diversification in some butterfly lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José R. Ferrer-Paris
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa
- Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa
- Centro de Estudios Botánicos y Agroforestales, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Maracaibo, Estado Zulia, Venezuela
| | - Ada Sánchez-Mercado
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa
- Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa
- Centro de Estudios Botánicos y Agroforestales, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Maracaibo, Estado Zulia, Venezuela
| | - Ángel L. Viloria
- Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Distrito Capital, Venezuela
| | - John Donaldson
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa
- Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Badenes-Péérez FR, Alfaro-Alpíízar MA, Johnson MT. Diversity, ecology and herbivory of hairstreak butterflies (Theclinae) associated with the velvet tree, Miconia calvescens in Costa Rica. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2010; 10:209. [PMID: 21265617 PMCID: PMC3029282 DOI: 10.1673/031.010.20901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Larvae of three species of hairstreak butterflies in the subfamily Theclinae (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) were found feeding on developing inflorescences, flower buds, and immature fruits of the velvet tree, Miconia calvescens DC. (Myrtales: Melastomataceae) in Costa Rica. Erora opisena (Druce), Parrhasius polibetes (Cramer), and Temecla paron (Godman and Salvin) were studied in association with M. calvescens, an uncommon tree in its natural range in the neotropics and a target for biocontrol as an invader in Pacific islands. Host plant use by the three theclines was similar, with eggs being laid on inflorescences and cryptic larvae remaining there throughout development. Feeding damage by E. opisena was most abundant in pre-flowering M. calvescens, when 23% of inflorescences showed feeding damage characteristic of this species. Feeding damage by T. paron peaked at flowering, when 30% of inflorescences were affected. At field sites, E. opisena and T. paron damaged an average of 26 and 18% of each attacked inflorescence, respectively. In cage experiments, individual third- and fourth-instar larvae of E. opisena damaged an average of 24 and 21% of an inflorescence before pupating, respectively. This study provides the first host plant record for E. opisena and T. paron, the first record of P. polibetes feeding on Melastomataceae, and the first records of E. opisena and T. paron presence in Costa Rica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. R. Badenes-Péérez
- Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822
- Centro de Ciencias Medioambientales, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. A. Alfaro-Alpíízar
- Escuela de Biologíía, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - M. T. Johnson
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Volcano, HI 96785, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Davidson DW. The role of resource imbalances in the evolutionary ecology of tropical arboreal ants. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1997.tb01785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
7
|
MEGENS HENDRIKJAN, DE JONG RIENK, FIEDLER KONRAD. Phylogenetic patterns in larval host plant and ant association of Indo-Australian Arhopalini butterflies (Lycaenidae: Theclinae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Pech P, Fric Z, Konvicka M, Zrzavy J. Phylogeny of Maculinea blues (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) based on morphological and ecological characters: evolution of parasitic myrmecophily. Cladistics 2004; 20:362-375. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
9
|
Stadler B, Kindlmann P, Smilauer P, Fiedler K. A comparative analysis of morphological and ecological characters of European aphids and lycaenids in relation to ant attendance. Oecologia 2003; 135:422-30. [PMID: 12721833 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-003-1193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2002] [Accepted: 01/20/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ants are a major environmental factor for many insect species. For example, aphids and lycaenids have evolved an array of associations with ants ranging from obligate myrmecophily to the avoidance of contact. Here we (1) analyze the predictive power of different ecological and morphological traits for explaining the strength of the association between ants and aphids/lycaenids and (2) contrast different taxonomic levels with respect to the variance explained by ant attendance. Data come from a literature survey including 112 species of aphids and 103 species of lycaenids from Europe. For aphids, feeding on woody plant parts is positively associated with ant attendance, while a high degree of mobility, feeding in isolation, and the possession of wings in the adult stage are negatively associated with ant attendance. In lycaenids, feeding on inflorescences and feeding on Fabaceae host plants is closely associated with ant attendance, while living in forests bears a smaller likelihood to establish mutualistic relationships. Body size always appeared to be a poor predictor for the degree of ant attendance. Overall, in both insect groups less than 10% of the variation in the ecological traits recorded is explained by the different modes of ant association. When decomposing the variance in traits explained by ant attendance at different taxonomic levels, aphids and lycaenids show contrasting results. In aphids, most variance in the degree of ant attendance is explained at the subfamily level and least at the species level. The opposite is true for lycaenids, where most variance is explained at the lowest taxonomic level. Possible mechanisms explaining these different patterns of associations with ants are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Stadler
- Bayreuth Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bluthgen N, Fiedler K. Interactions between weaver ants Oecophylla smaragdina, homopterans, trees and lianas in an Australian rain forest canopy. J Anim Ecol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
11
|
Pierce NE, Braby MF, Heath A, Lohman DJ, Mathew J, Rand DB, Travassos MA. The ecology and evolution of ant association in the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera). ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2002; 47:733-771. [PMID: 11729090 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The estimated 6000 species of Lycaenidae account for about one third of all Papilionoidea. The majority of lycaenids have associations with ants that can be facultative or obligate and range from mutualism to parasitism. Lycaenid larvae and pupae employ complex chemical and acoustical signals to manipulate ants. Cost/benefit analyses have demonstrated multiple trade-offs involved in myrmecophily. Both demographic and phylogenetic evidence indicate that ant association has shaped the evolution of obligately associated groups. Parasitism typically arises from mutualism with ants, and entomophagous species are disproportionately common in the Lycaenidae compared with other Lepidoptera. Obligate associations are more common in the Southern Hemisphere, in part because highly ant-associated lineages make up a larger proportion of the fauna in these regions. Further research on phylogeny and natural history, particularly of the Neotropical fauna, will be necessary to understand the role ant association has played in the evolution of the Lycaenidae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi E Pierce
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Burghardt F, Fiedlert K, Proksch P. Uptake of flavonoids from Vicia villosa (Fabaceae) by the lycaenid butterfly, Polyommatus icarus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0305-1978(97)00057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
13
|
Fiedler K, Hölldobler B, Seufert P. Butterflies and ants: The communicative domain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01922410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|