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Chen B, Liu H, Wang Z, Ma J, Shen Y. Effects of DJK-5 and chlorhexidine on exopolysaccharide volume and pH in oral biofilms. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:705. [PMID: 37777729 PMCID: PMC10544135 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are essential constituents of the extracellular matrix within oral biofilms and are significantly influenced by the local microenvironment. This study aimed to investigate the impact of two distinct antimicrobial agents, DJK-5 and chlorhexidine (CHX), on the EPS volume and pH levels in oral biofilms. METHODS Oral biofilms obtained from two donors were cultured on hydroxyapatite discs for durations of 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks. Subsequently, these biofilms were subjected to treatment with 10 µg/mL DJK-5 or 2% CHX for 3 min. The impact of these antimicrobial treatments on factors such as the proportion of dead bacterial, in situ pH, and EPS volume within the biofilms was assessed using corresponding fluorescent probes. The examination was carried out utilizing confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the resulting images were analyzed with a focus on the upper and lower layers of the biofilm, respectively. RESULTS DJK-5 exhibited a more potent bactericidal effect compared to CHX across the 3-day to 4-week duration of the biofilm (P < 0.05). The biofilms were acidic, with the upper layer being less acidic than the lower layer (P < 0.05). Both antimicrobial agents increased the pH, but DJK-5 had a greater effect than CHX (P < 0.05). The volume of EPS was significantly lower in DJK-5 treated biofilms compared to that of CHX, regardless of age or layer (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION DJK-5 exhibited superior effectiveness in reducing viable bacteria and EPS volume, as well as in raising extracellular pH, as compared to chlorhexidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binwen Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - He Liu
- Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zhejun Wang
- Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jingzhi Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Ya Shen
- Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Pandit S, Jacquemin L, Zhang J, Gao Z, Nishina Y, Meyer RL, Mijakovic I, Bianco A, Pang C. Polymyxin B complexation enhances the antimicrobial potential of graphene oxide. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1209563. [PMID: 37415828 PMCID: PMC10321305 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1209563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The antibacterial activity of graphene oxide (GO) has been widely explored and tested against various pathogenic bacterial strains. Although antimicrobial activity of GO against planktonic bacterial cells was demonstrated, its bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect alone is not sufficient to damage sedentary and well protected bacterial cells inside biofilms. Thus, to be utilized as an effective antibacterial agent, it is necessary to improve the antibacterial activity of GO either by integration with other nanomaterials or by attachment of antimicrobial agents. In this study, antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B (PMB) was adsorbed onto the surface of pristine GO and GO functionalized with triethylene glycol. Methods The antibacterial effects of the resulting materials were examined by evaluating minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, time kill assay, live/dead viability staining and scanning electron microscopy. Results and discussion PMB adsorption significantly enhanced the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of GO against both planktonic cells and bacterial cells in biofilms. Furthermore, the coatings of PMB-adsorbed GO applied to catheter tubes strongly mitigated biofilm formation, by preventing bacterial adhesion and killing the bacterial cells that managed to attach. The presented results suggest that antibacterial peptide absorption can significantly enhance the antibacterial activity of GO and the resulting material can be effectively used not only against planktonic bacteria but also against infectious biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Pandit
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lucas Jacquemin
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jian Zhang
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhengfeng Gao
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yuta Nishina
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Rikke Louise Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation, Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chengfang Pang
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- The Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Ham Y, Kim TJ. Synergistic inhibitory activity of Glycyrrhizae Radix and Rubi Fructus extracts on biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:22. [PMID: 36709283 PMCID: PMC9883881 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus mutans is a bacterium that causes oral diseases. Plaque, a biofilm produced by S. mutans and other bacteria, makes it difficult to remove cariogenic oral microorganisms, including biofilm producers. Glucan synthesis by glucosyltransferase is one of the mechanisms underlying plaque formation. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of inhibiting biofilm formation by interfering with the glucosyltransferase activity of S. mutans using edible herbal medicines. METHODS This study investigated the inhibitory activity of Glycyrrhizae Radix extract, Rubi Fructus extract, glycyrrhizin from Glycyrrhizae Radix, and ellagic acid from Rubi Fructus against glucosyltransferase activity of S. mutans. Enzyme kinetic analysis identified the mechanism by which glycyrrhizin and ellagic acid inhibit enzyme activity. RESULTS The conditions for synergistically inhibiting biofilm formation by combining Glycyrrhizae Radix and Rubi Fructus extracts were identified. Biofilm formation was also synergistically inhibited by mixing their respective active constituents, glycyrrhizin and ellagic acid. Glycyrrhizin and ellagic acid inhibited glucosyltransferase via noncompetitive and uncompetitive mechanisms, respectively, indicating that they inhibit it via distinct mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS This study presents an effective oral hygiene method using the synergistic activity of two natural plant extracts to inhibit biofilm formation through different inhibitory mechanisms against glucosyltransferase of S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngseok Ham
- grid.91443.3b0000 0001 0788 9816Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jong Kim
- grid.91443.3b0000 0001 0788 9816Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
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Kim JH, Jang HJ, Lee NK, Paik HD. Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effect of Cell-Free Supernatant of Lactobacillus brevis KCCM 202399 Isolated from Korean Fermented Food against Streptococcus mutans KCTC 5458. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:56-63. [PMID: 34675145 PMCID: PMC9628830 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2109.09045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the antibiofilm effect of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Lactobacillus brevis strains against Streptococcus mutans strains. To study the antibiofilm mechanism against S. mutans strains, antibacterial effects, cell surface properties (auto-aggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity), exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and morphological changes were examined. The antibiofilm effect of L. brevis KCCM 202399 CFS as morphological changes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), compared with the control treatment. Among the L. brevis strains, L. brevis KCCM 202399 showed the highest antibiofilm effect on S. mutans KCTC 5458. The antibacterial effect of L. brevis KCCM 202399 against S. mutans KCTC 5458 was investigated using the deferred method (16.00 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration of L. brevis KCCM 202399 against S. mutans KCTC 5458 was 25.00%. Compared with the control treatment, L. brevis KCCM 202399 CFS inhibited the bacterial adhesion of S. mutans KCTC 5458 by decreasing auto-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity, and EPS production (45.91%, 40.51%, and 67.44%, respectively). L. brevis KCCM 202399 CFS inhibited and eradicated the S. mutans KCTC 5458 biofilm. Therefore, these results suggest that L. brevis KCCM 202399 CFS may be used to develop oral health in the probiotic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ha Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resource Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ji Jang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resource Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resource Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resource Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-2049-6011 E-mail:
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Effects of brief sodium fluoride treatments on the growth of early and mature cariogenic biofilms. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18290. [PMID: 34521969 PMCID: PMC8440647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although fluoride has been widely used as a preventive agent for dental caries, the effects of fluoride on the activities of biofilms in different stages of cariogenic biofilm formation are less studied. This study was designed to investigate the antibiofilm activity of sodium fluoride during the early and mature stages of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm formation. S. mutans biofilms were formed on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite disks. In the early (0-46 h) and mature (46-94 h) biofilm stages, the biofilms were treated with different concentrations of fluoride (250, 500, 1000, 2000 ppm; 5 times in total, 1 min/treatment). Acidogenicity, dry weight, colony-forming units (CFUs), water-soluble/insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs), and intracellular polysaccharides were analysed, and confocal laser scanning microscopy images were obtained of the two stages of biofilms to determine antibiofilm activities of fluoride at varying concentrations during the formation of early and mature biofilms. In the early stages of cariogenic biofilm formation, test groups with all fluoride concentrations significantly inhibited the growth of S. mutans biofilms. The antibiofilm and anti-EPS formation activities of the brief fluoride treatments increased with a concentration-dependent pattern. At the mature biofilm stage, only the 2000 ppm fluoride treatment group significantly inhibited biofilm accumulation, activity, and intracellular/extracellular polysaccharide content compared with those of the control and other fluoride treatment groups. The antimicrobial effect of fluoride treatment on the growth of S. mutans biofilms was linked with the stage of cariogenic biofilm formation. The inhibition of S. mutans biofilm growth by fluoride treatment was easier in the early formation stage than in the mature stage. Fluoride treatment in the early stage of cariogenic biofilm formation may be an effective approach to controlling cariogenic biofilm development and preventing dental caries.
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Evaluation of the differences between biofilm and planktonic Brucella abortus via metabolomics and proteomics. Funct Integr Genomics 2021; 21:421-433. [PMID: 34009538 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-021-00788-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the difference between biofilm and planktonic Brucella abortus using metabolomics and proteomics. Brucella abortus was cultured in different media to induce Brucella abortus biofilm formation and planktonic cells, followed by metabolomics and proteomics analyses for these two samples. Significant differential metabolites were identified, followed by KEGG pathway analysis. Differentially expressed proteins were identified, followed by subcellular localization, GO annotation, and KEGG pathway enrichment. Additionally, a correlation analysis of metabolomics and proteomics was performed. Metabolomics analysis showed 7682 positive and 4433 negative metabolites, including 188 positive and 117 negative significant differential metabolites. These differential metabolites were enriched in fatty acid/unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism. Proteomics analysis revealed 1759 proteins, including 486 differentially expressed proteins, which were enriched in various metabolic and degradation-related pathways. Subcellular localization showed that 74.3% of the differential proteins were cytoplasmic proteins. Correlation analysis showed that 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol had the most significant correlations with proteins, followed by cytosine. Both metabolites correlated with the protein Q57EI7 (RbsB-1, ribose ABC transporter). One common pathway, fatty acid biosynthesis, was identified by both proteomics and metabolomics analyses that involved the metabolites, oleic acid, and protein Q57DK3 (biotin carboxylase). There were metabolomic and proteomic differences between Brucella abortus biofilm and planktonic cells, and these results provide novel insights into the biofilm-forming process of Brucella abortus.
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Mouthwash Based on Ozonated Olive Oil in Caries Prevention: A Preliminary In-Vitro Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17239106. [PMID: 33291253 PMCID: PMC7730335 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Ozone (O3) proved to oxidize organic and inorganic compounds, and its efficacy against bacteria, viruses and fungi plasma membranes was of interest. Ozone vehicle can be a gaseous form, ozonated water or ozonized oil. The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of ozonated olive oil against Streptococcus mutans. (2) Methods: Two different commercial mouthwashes were tested: Ialozon Blu (IB) (Gemavip, Cagliari, Italy), with ozonated olive oil, and Ialozon Rose (IR) (Gemavip, Cagliari, Italy), with ozonated olive oil, hyaluronic acid and vitamin E. All formulates were analyzed in a dilution range from 2- to 256-folds in saline solution, as to reproduce the salivary dilution. Streptococcus mutans CIP103220 strain was used for the antimicrobial susceptibility test, and the Kirby-Bauer inhibition method was performed to evaluate the Minimum Inhibitory (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal (MBC), and Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration (MBIC). (3) Results: Both formulates showed the same antimicrobial activity. MIC, MBC, and MBIC were observed for dilution factors of 1/32, 1/8 and 1/8, respectively. The mean value of inhibition zone diameter was 16.5 mm for IB, and 18 mm for IR. (4) Conclusions: The results suggested that ozonized olive oil formulates were able to inactivate Streptococcus mutans avoiding the salivary dilution effect in the oral cavity.
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Genetic and physiological effects of subinhibitory concentrations of oral antimicrobial agents on Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Microb Pathog 2020; 150:104669. [PMID: 33278519 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is the main etiological agent of dental caries because of its capacity to adhere to enamel structure and form biofilms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the anticariogenic agents - sodium fluoride (NaF) and chlorhexidine (CHX) - at levels below minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) on the growth of planktonic cells and biofilms and on the expression of vicR and covR genes associated with the regulation of biofilm formation. MICs and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of NaF and CHX were determined for S. mutans strains ATCC25175, UA159 and 3VF2. Growth curves were constructed for planktonic cells cultured in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth supplemented with NaF (0.125-0.75MIC) or CHX (0.25-0.75MIC). Biofilm formation assays were performed in microplates containing CHX or NaF at 0.5-1.0MIC and stained with violet crystal. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction determined the alterations in covR and vicR expression in cells exposed to antimicrobials at sub-MIC levels. NaF and CHX at sub-MIC levels affected the growth of planktonic cells of all three S. mutans strains, depending on the concentration tested. The biofilm formation in UA159 and 3VF2 was reduced by NaF at concentrations ≥0.5 MIC, while that of ATCC 25175 was reduced significantly irrespective of dose. In contrast, UA159 and 3VF2 biofilms were not affected by CHX at these levels, whereas those of ATCC 25175 were reduced significantly at all concentrations tested. Under sub-MIC conditions, CHX and (to a lesser degree) NaF increased vicR and covR expression in all three strains, although there were large differences between strains and treatment conditions employed. CHX and NaF at sub-MIC levels influence on the growth of S. mutans in planktonic and biofilm conditions and on transcript levels of biofilm-associated genes vicR and covR, in a dose-dependent manner.
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Olive oil for dental caries. Br Dent J 2020; 229:73-74. [DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-1944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Nascimento M, Alvarez A, Huang X, Browngardt C, Jenkins R, Sinhoreti M, Ribeiro A, Dilbone D, Richards V, Garrett T, Burne R. Metabolic Profile of Supragingival Plaque Exposed to Arginine and Fluoride. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1245-1252. [PMID: 31454264 PMCID: PMC6755720 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519869906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Caries lesions develop when acid production from bacterial metabolism of dietary carbohydrates outweighs the various mechanisms that promote pH homeostasis, including bacterial alkali production. Therapies that provide arginine as a substrate for alkali production in supragingival oral biofilms have strong anticaries potential. The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolic profile of site-specific supragingival plaque in response to the use of arginine (Arg: 1.5% arginine, fluoride-free) or fluoride (F: 1,100 ppm F/NaF) toothpastes. Eighty-three adults of different caries status were recruited and assigned to treatment with Arg or F for 12 wk. Caries lesions were diagnosed using International Caries Detection and Assessment System II, and plaque samples were collected from caries-free and carious tooth surfaces. Taxonomic profiles were obtained by HOMINGS (Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing), and plaque metabolism was assessed by the levels of arginine catabolism via the arginine deiminase pathway (ADS), acidogenicity, and global metabolomics. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis, analysis of variance, and random forest tests were used to distinguish metabolic profiles. Of the 509 active lesions diagnosed at baseline, 70 (14%) were inactive after 12 wk. Generalized linear model showed that enamel lesions were significantly more likely to become inactive compared to dentin lesions (P < 0.0001), but no difference was found when treatment with Arg was compared to F (P = 0.46). Arg significantly increased plaque ADS activity (P = 0.031) and plaque pH values after incubation with glucose (P = 0.001). F reduced plaque lactate production from endogenous sources (P = 0.02). PCA revealed differences between the metabolic profiles of plaque treated with Arg or F. Arg significantly affected the concentrations of 16 metabolites, including phenethylamine, agmatine, and glucosamine-6-phosphate (P < 0.05), while F affected the concentrations of 9 metabolites, including phenethylamine, N-methyl-glutamate, and agmatine (P < 0.05). The anticaries mechanisms of action of arginine and fluoride are distinct. Arginine metabolism promotes biofilm pH homeostasis, whereas fluoride is thought to enhance resistance of tooth minerals to low pH and reduce acid production by supragingival oral biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.M. Nascimento
- Department of Restorative Dental
Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of
Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - A.J. Alvarez
- College of Dentistry, University of
Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Pediatric Dentistry Graduate Program,
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - X. Huang
- Department of Oral Biology, College of
Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Division of General Dentistry, Eastman
Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - C. Browngardt
- Department of Oral Biology, College of
Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - R. Jenkins
- Dental Clinical Research Unit, College
of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - M.C. Sinhoreti
- Dental Materials Division, Department of
Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas,
Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - A.P.D. Ribeiro
- Department of Restorative Dental
Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of
Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - D.A. Dilbone
- Department of Restorative Dental
Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of
Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - V.P. Richards
- Department of Biological Sciences,
College of Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - T.J. Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and
Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL,
USA
| | - R.A. Burne
- Department of Oral Biology, College of
Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Yang Y, Hwang EH, Park BI, Choi NY, Kim KJ, You YO. Artemisia princepsInhibits Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence Factor Expression ofStreptococcus mutans. J Med Food 2019; 22:623-630. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Eun-hee Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Bog-Im Park
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Na-Young Choi
- College of Education, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Kang-Ju Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Yong-Ouk You
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
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Misba L, Abdulrahman H, Khan AU. Photodynamic efficacy of toluidine blue O against mono species and dual species bacterial biofilm. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:383-388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mohamed AM, Vladimirovna SN, Grigorievich ZV, Borisovna PA, Ivanovich SV. Sodium Oleate Increases Ampicillin Sensitivity in Methylophilus quaylei Biofilms on Teflon and Polypropylene. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:261-270. [DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190222191656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background:Drug combination is a new therapy to improve antibiotic deficiency treatment towards biofilm resistance.Objective:This study was conducted to determine the potential effect of sodium oleate to inhibit established biofilms of two strains, methylotrophic bacteria Methylophilus quaylei in combination with ampicillin. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ampicillin was determined and added in combination with sodium oleate and examined on planktonic and established biofilms of two strains M. quaylei were characterized by different properties of cell surface hydrophobicity.Methods:The effect on biofilms was evaluated by the number of colony forming units (CFUs), crystal violet assay, light and scanning electron microscopy.Results:The study demonstrates that sodium oleate has a promoting activity against planktonic growth of M. quaylei strains and has a slight inhibitory effect on biofilm. Addition of sodium oleate enhances the bactericidal effect of ampicillin against biofilm cells. Combination of ampicillin 0.1 mg/ml (MIC) and sodium oleate 0.03 mg/ml showed a remarkable destruction effect on established biofilms.Discussion:Combination of ampicillin 0.1 mg/ml (MIC) and sodium oleate 0.03 mg/ml showed a remarkable destruction effect on established biofilms. Overall, results indicated that sodium oleate in combination with ampicillin enhances the inhibition of M. quaylei biofilms and this combination can be utilized for combating bacterial biofilm resistance.Conclusion:Overall, results indicated that sodium oleate in combination with ampicillin enhances the inhibition of M. quaylei biofilms and this combination can be utilized for combating bacterial biofilm resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir M.H.A. Mohamed
- Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy, M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Shevlyagina N. Vladimirovna
- Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Microbiology and Immunology of the Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Zhukhovitsky V. Grigorievich
- Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Microbiology and Immunology of the Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pshenichnikova A. Borisovna
- Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy, M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Shvets V. Ivanovich
- Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy, M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Parai D, Banerjee M, Dey P, Chakraborty A, Islam E, Mukherjee SK. Effect of reserpine on Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing mediated virulence factors and biofilm formation. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:320-334. [PMID: 29482361 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1437910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of reserpine, a plant-derived indole-alkaloid, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms. The anti-biofilm activity of reserpine was evaluated by crystal violet staining, MTT assay, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Reserpine effects were also assessed by qRT-PCR of quorum sensing (QS)-regulated genes and biochemical quantification of the QS-mediated virulence factors pyocyanin, rhamnolipids, proteases and elastases. Reserpine reduced biofilm formation, cell motility, virulence factor production, and QS-controlled gene expression. Additionally, molecular docking analysis for AHL synthase LasI and QS transcriptional regulators LasR/MvfR revealed a plausible molecular mechanisms of reserpine QS inhibition. These findings provide insights into the underlying mode of action of reserpine, which may be useful in the development of new drugs against biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaprasad Parai
- a Department of Microbiology , University of Kalyani , Kalyani , India
| | - Malabika Banerjee
- a Department of Microbiology , University of Kalyani , Kalyani , India
| | - Pia Dey
- a Department of Microbiology , University of Kalyani , Kalyani , India
| | | | - Ekramul Islam
- a Department of Microbiology , University of Kalyani , Kalyani , India
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Effect of sodium fluoride on oral biofilm microbiota and enamel demineralization. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 89:77-83. [PMID: 29482049 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fluoride is widely used as an anti-caries agent, e.g. in toothpastes and mouth rinses. However, the nature of the anti-caries action is not entirely clear. Mechanisms suspected to explain the cariostatic effect include inhibitory effects on acid formation by bacteria, inhibition of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production, inhibition of enamel demineralization and enhancement of remineralizaton or combination thereof. The aim of this study was to examine with the supragingival Zurich in vitro biofilm model the effect of fluoride in NaF formulation, on the microbiota and on demineralization. METHODS Biofilms consisting of Actinomyces oris, Candida albicans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus oralis, Veillonella dispar and Streptococcus sobrinus, were grown anaerobically on sintered hydroxyapatite or bovine enamel disks, exposed to 200, 400, and 1400 ppm of NaF, or 0.1% chlorhexidine (positive control). The biofilms were harvested after 64 h and CFUs were assessed for total bacteria. Demineralization of enamel disks was measured by quantitative light-induced fluorescence. RESULTS NaF did not affect the bacterial numbers. No enamel mineral loss was observed at 1400 and 400 ppm of fluoride, whereas the pH of the surrounding medium was increased to 5.5 and 5.0, respectively, compared to the untreated control (pH 4.5 and mineral loss ΔF of -32%). At 1400 ppm NaF the biofilm's EPS volume was also significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS Administration of NaF completely prevented demineralization without affecting biofilm composition and growth. This protective effect may be attributed to the observed decrease in acid production or EPS volume, or to a shift in the de/remineralization balance.
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Pandit S, Jung JE, Choi HM, Jeon JG. Effect of brief periodic fluoride treatments on the virulence and composition of a cariogenic biofilm. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:53-61. [PMID: 29199458 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1404583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of periodic 1-min fluoride treatments on Streptococcus mutans biofilms and then determined the relationship between anti-biofilm activity, treatment frequency, and fluoride concentration using a linear-fitting procedure. S. mutans biofilms were periodically treated (1-min/treatment) with fluoride during biofilm formation and analyzed using microbiological methods, confocal microscopy, and real-time PCR. The results indicated that reductions in the dry weight and acidogenicity of biofilms due to periodic fluoride treatment occurred in a concentration dependent manner. The reduction in dry weight without affecting bacterial cell viability was observed mainly due to the inhibitory effect of fluoride on gtfB and gtfC gene expression, which suppresses EPS production and avoids reduction of the pH below the critical point on the tooth surface. This study suggests that brief periodic exposure to appropriate fluoride concentrations through mouthwashes and toothpastes may affect the virulence and composition of cariogenic biofilms and subsequently prevent dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Pandit
- a Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience and BK 21 Plus Program , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Jung
- a Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience and BK 21 Plus Program , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Mi Choi
- b Department of Dentistry , Presbyterian Medical Center , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gyu Jeon
- a Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience and BK 21 Plus Program , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
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Wang X, Cheng H, Lu M, Fang Y, Jiao Y, Li W, Zhao G, Wang S. Dextranase from Arthrobacter oxydans KQ11-1 inhibits biofilm formation by polysaccharide hydrolysis. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:1223-1233. [PMID: 27762637 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1239722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dental plaque is a biofilm of water-soluble and water-insoluble polysaccharides, produced primarily by Streptococcus mutans. Dextranase can inhibit biofilm formation. Here, a dextranase gene from the marine microorganism Arthrobacter oxydans KQ11-1 is described, and cloned and expressed using E. coli DH5α competent cells. The recombinant enzyme was then purified and its properties were characterized. The optimal temperature and pH were determined to be 60°C and 6.5, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography data show that the final hydrolysis products were glucose, maltose, maltotriose, and maltotetraose. Thus, dextranase can inhibit the adhesive ability of S. mutans. The minimum biofilm inhibition and reduction concentrations (MBIC50 and MBRC50) of dextranase were 2 U ml-1 and 5 U ml-1, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) observations confirmed that dextranase inhibited biofilm formation and removed previously formed biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Wang
- a Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu , Lianyungang , PR China
- b Key Laboratory of Marine Biology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , PR China
| | - Huaixu Cheng
- a Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu , Lianyungang , PR China
- c Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening , Huaihai Institute of Technology , Lianyungang , PR China
- d Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology , Huaihai Institute of Technology , Lianyungang , PR China
| | - Mingsheng Lu
- a Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu , Lianyungang , PR China
- c Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening , Huaihai Institute of Technology , Lianyungang , PR China
- d Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology , Huaihai Institute of Technology , Lianyungang , PR China
| | - Yaowei Fang
- a Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu , Lianyungang , PR China
- c Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening , Huaihai Institute of Technology , Lianyungang , PR China
- d Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology , Huaihai Institute of Technology , Lianyungang , PR China
| | - Yuliang Jiao
- a Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu , Lianyungang , PR China
- c Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening , Huaihai Institute of Technology , Lianyungang , PR China
- d Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology , Huaihai Institute of Technology , Lianyungang , PR China
| | - Weijuan Li
- a Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu , Lianyungang , PR China
| | - Gengmao Zhao
- b Key Laboratory of Marine Biology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , PR China
- d Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology , Huaihai Institute of Technology , Lianyungang , PR China
| | - Shujun Wang
- a Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu , Lianyungang , PR China
- c Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening , Huaihai Institute of Technology , Lianyungang , PR China
- d Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology , Huaihai Institute of Technology , Lianyungang , PR China
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Jung JE, Cai JN, Cho SD, Song KY, Jeon JG. Influence of fluoride on the bacterial composition of a dual-species biofilm composed of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus oralis. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:1079-1087. [PMID: 27643392 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1230607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of fluoride for the prevention of dental caries, few studies have demonstrated the effects of fluoride on the bacterial composition of dental biofilms. This study investigated whether fluoride affects the proportion of Streptococcus mutans and S. oralis in mono- and dual-species biofilm models, via microbiological, biochemical, and confocal fluorescence microscope studies. Fluoride did not affect the bacterial count and bio-volume of S. mutans and S. oralis in mono-species biofilms, except for the 24-h-old S. mutans biofilms. However, fluoride reduced the proportion and bio-volume of S. mutans but did not decrease those of S. oralis during both S. oralis and S. mutans dual-species biofilm formation, which may be related to the decrease in extracellular polysaccharide formation by fluoride. These results suggest that fluoride may prevent the shift in the microbial proportion to cariogenic bacteria in dental biofilms, subsequently inhibiting the cariogenic bacteria dominant biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Jung
- a Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience and BK 21 Plus Program , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Jian-Na Cai
- a Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience and BK 21 Plus Program , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- b Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience and BK 21 Plus Program , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Yeob Song
- c Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience and BK 21 Plus Program , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gyu Jeon
- a Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience and BK 21 Plus Program , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
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Misba L, Kulshrestha S, Khan AU. Antibiofilm action of a toluidine blue O-silver nanoparticle conjugate on Streptococcus mutans: a mechanism of type I photodynamic therapy. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:313-328. [PMID: 26905507 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1141899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-biofilm efficacy of photodynamic therapy by conjugating a photosensitizer (TBO) with silver nanoparticles (AgNP). Streptococcus mutans was exposed to laser light (630 nm) for 70 s (9.1 J cm(-2)) in the presence of a toluidine blue O-silver nanoparticle conjugate (TBO-AgNP). The results showed a reduction in the viability of bacterial cells by 4 log10. The crystal violet assay, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the TBO-AgNP conjugates inhibited biofilm formation, increased the uptake of propidium iodide and leakage of the cellular constituents, respectively. Fluorescence spectroscopic studies confirmed the generation of OH(•) as a major reactive oxygen species, indicating type I phototoxicity. Both the conjugates down-regulated the expression of biofilm related genes compared to TBO alone. Hence TBO-AgNP conjugates were found to be more phototoxic against S. mutans biofilm than TBO alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Misba
- a Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , India
| | - Shatavari Kulshrestha
- a Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , India
| | - Asad U Khan
- a Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , India
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