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Ferraro D, Tredici IG, Ghigna P, Castillo-Michel H, Falqui A, Di Benedetto C, Alberti G, Ricci V, Anselmi-Tamburini U, Sommi P. Dependence of the Ce(iii)/Ce(iv) ratio on intracellular localization in ceria nanoparticles internalized by human cells. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:1527-1538. [PMID: 28067927 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07701c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CeO2 nanoparticles (CNPs) have been investigated as promising antioxidant agents with significant activity in the therapy of diseases involving free radicals or oxidative stress. However, the exact mechanism responsible for CNP activity has not been completely elucidated. In particular, in situ evidence of modification of the oxidative state of CNPs in human cells and their evolution during cell internalization and subsequent intracellular distribution has never been presented. In this study we investigated modification of the Ce(iii)/Ce(iv) ratio following internalization in human cells by X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). From this analysis on cell pellets, we observed that CNPs incubated for 24 h showed a significant increase in Ce(iii). By coupling on individual cells synchrotron micro-X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) with micro-XANES (μXANES) we demonstrated that the Ce(iii)/Ce(iv) ratio is also dependent on CNP intracellular localization. The regions with the highest CNP concentrations, suggested to be endolysosomes by transmission electron microscopy, were characterized by Ce atoms in the Ce(iv) oxidation state, while a higher Ce(iii) content was observed in regions surrounding these areas. These observations suggest that the interaction of CNPs with cells involves a complex mechanism in which different cellular areas play different roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ferraro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Human Physiology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Ilenia G Tredici
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghigna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Falqui
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Adullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cristiano Di Benedetto
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Adullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Vittorio Ricci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Human Physiology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Patrizia Sommi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Human Physiology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Majumdar S, Peralta-Videa JR, Bandyopadhyay S, Castillo-Michel H, Hernandez-Viezcas JA, Sahi S, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Exposure of cerium oxide nanoparticles to kidney bean shows disturbance in the plant defense mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 278:279-287. [PMID: 24981679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Overwhelming use of engineered nanoparticles demands rapid assessment of their environmental impacts. The transport of cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2) in plants and their impact on cellular homeostasis as a function of exposure duration is not well understood. In this study, kidney bean plants were exposed to suspensions of ∼ 8 ± 1 nm nCeO2 (62.5 to 500 mg/L) for 15 days in hydroponic conditions. Plant parts were analyzed for cerium accumulation after one, seven, and 15 days of nCeO2 exposure. The primary indicators of stress like lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities, total soluble protein and chlorophyll contents were studied. Cerium in tissues was localized using scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron μ-XRF mapping, and the chemical forms were identified using μ-XANES. In the root epidermis, cerium was primarily shown to exist as nCeO2, although a small fraction (12%) was biotransformed to Ce(III) compound. Cerium was found to reach the root vascular tissues and translocate to aerial parts with time. Upon prolonged exposure to 500 mg nCeO2/L, the root antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly reduced, simultaneously increasing the root soluble protein by 204%. In addition, leaf's guaiacol peroxidase activity was enhanced with nCeO2 exposure in order to maintain cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968 USA; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), USA
| | - Jose R Peralta-Videa
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968 USA; Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968 USA; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), USA
| | - Susmita Bandyopadhyay
- Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968 USA; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), USA
| | | | - Jose-Angel Hernandez-Viezcas
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968 USA; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), USA
| | - Shivendra Sahi
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Jorge L Gardea-Torresdey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968 USA; Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968 USA; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), USA.
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Hernandez-Viezcas JA, Castillo-Michel H, Andrews JC, Cotte M, Rico C, Peralta-Videa JR, Ge Y, Priester JH, Holden PA, Gardea-Torresdey JL. In situ synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping and speciation of CeO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles in soil cultivated soybean (Glycine max). ACS NANO 2013; 7:1415-23. [PMID: 23320560 DOI: 10.1021/nn305196q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
With the increased use of engineered nanomaterials such as ZnO and CeO₂ nanoparticles (NPs), these materials will inevitably be released into the environment, with unknown consequences. In addition, the potential storage of these NPs or their biotransformed products in edible/reproductive organs of crop plants can cause them to enter into the food chain and the next plant generation. Few reports thus far have addressed the entire life cycle of plants grown in NP-contaminated soil. Soybean ( Glycine max ) seeds were germinated and grown to full maturity in organic farm soil amended with either ZnO NPs at 500 mg/kg or CeO₂ NPs at 1000 mg/kg. At harvest, synchrotron μ-XRF and μ-XANES analyses were performed on soybean tissues, including pods, to determine the forms of Ce and Zn in NP-treated plants. The X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies showed no presence of ZnO NPs within tissues. However, μ-XANES data showed O-bound Zn, in a form resembling Zn-citrate, which could be an important Zn complex in the soybean grains. On the other hand, the synchrotron μ-XANES results showed that Ce remained mostly as CeO₂ NPs within the plant. The data also showed that a small percentage of Ce(IV), the oxidation state of Ce in CeO₂ NPs, was biotransformed to Ce(III). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the presence of CeO₂ and Zn compounds in the reproductive/edible portion of the soybean plant grown in farm soil with CeO₂ and ZnO NPs.
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Zhao L, Peralta-Videa JR, Varela-Ramirez A, Castillo-Michel H, Li C, Zhang J, Aguilera RJ, Keller AA, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Effect of surface coating and organic matter on the uptake of CeO2 NPs by corn plants grown in soil: Insight into the uptake mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 225-226:131-8. [PMID: 22633924 PMCID: PMC4346349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the fate, transport, and bioavailability of CeO(2) nanoparticles (NPs) in soil. Moreover, there are no reports on the effect of surface coating upon NPs uptake by plants. In this study, Zea mays plants were grown for one month in unenriched and organic soils treated with coated and uncoated CeO(2) NPs. In addition, plants were exposed to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-stained CeO(2) NPs and analyzed in a confocal microscope. In organic soil, roots from uncoated and coated NPs at 100, 200, 400, and 800mg kg(-1) had 40, 80, 130, and 260% and 10, 70, 90, and 40% more Ce, respectively, compared to roots from unenriched soil. Conversely, shoots of plants from unenriched soil had significantly more Ce compared with shoots from organic soil. Confocal fluorescence images showed FITC-stained CeO(2) NP aggregates in cell walls of epidermis and cortex, suggesting apoplastic pathway. The μXRF results revealed the presence of CeO(2) NP aggregates within vascular tissues. To the authors knowledge this is the first report on the effects of surface coating and organic matter on Ce uptake from CeO(2) NPs and upon the mechanisms of CeO(2) NPs uptake by higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- Chemistry Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West Univ. Av., El Paso, TX 79968
| | - Jose R. Peralta-Videa
- Chemistry Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West Univ. Av., El Paso, TX 79968
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West Univ. Av., El Paso, TX 79968
| | | | - Chunqiang Li
- Physics Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West Univ. Av., El Paso, TX 79968
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West Univ. Av., El Paso, TX 79968
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West Univ. Av., El Paso, TX 79968
| | - Arturo A. Keller
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, UC Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, 3420 Bren Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Jorge L. Gardea-Torresdey
- Chemistry Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West Univ. Av., El Paso, TX 79968
- Environmental Science and Engineering PhD program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West Univ. Av., El Paso, TX 79968
- Corresponding author (J. Gardea) ; phone 915-747-5359 fax (915)747-5748
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