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Chai Z, Chatt A, Bode P, Kučera J, Greenberg R, Hibbert DB. Vocabulary of radioanalytical methods (IUPAC Recommendations 2020). PURE APPL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2019-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
These recommendations are a vocabulary of basic radioanalytical terms which are relevant to radioanalysis, nuclear analysis and related techniques. Radioanalytical methods consider all nuclear-related techniques for the characterization of materials where ‘characterization’ refers to compositional (in terms of the identity and quantity of specified elements, nuclides, and their chemical species) and structural (in terms of location, dislocation, etc. of specified elements, nuclides, and their species) analyses, involving nuclear processes (nuclear reactions, nuclear radiations, etc.), nuclear techniques (reactors, accelerators, radiation detectors, etc.), and nuclear effects (hyperfine interactions, etc.). In the present compilation, basic radioanalytical terms are included which are relevant to radioanalysis, nuclear analysis and related techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Chai
- Lab. Nuclear Analytical Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 918 , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Amares Chatt
- Trace Analysis Research Centre, Department of Chemistry , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 4J3 Canada
| | - Peter Bode
- Delft University of Technology, Reactor Institute Delft , Mekelweg 15, NL-2629 JB Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Jan Kučera
- Nuclear Physics Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences , Husinec - Řež 130 , CZ-25068 Řež , Czech Republic
| | - Robert Greenberg
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive, 8395 Building 235, RM B176 , Gaithersburg , Maryland , USA
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2
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Kumar N, Weckhuysen BM, Wain AJ, Pollard AJ. Nanoscale chemical imaging using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:1169-1193. [PMID: 30911174 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Confocal and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are powerful techniques for molecular characterization; however, they suffer from the drawback of diffraction-limited spatial resolution. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) overcomes this limitation and provides chemical information at length scales in the tens of nanometers. In contrast to alternative approaches to nanoscale chemical analysis, TERS is label free, is non-destructive, and can be performed in both air and liquid environments, allowing its use in a diverse range of applications. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based TERS is especially versatile, as it can be applied to a broad range of samples on various substrates. Despite its advantages, widespread uptake of this technique for nanoscale chemical imaging has been inhibited by various experimental challenges, such as limited lifetime, and the low stability and yield of TERS probes. This protocol details procedures that will enable researchers to reliably perform TERS imaging using a transmission-mode AFM-TERS configuration on both biological and non-biological samples. The procedure consists of four stages: (i) preparation of plasmonically active TERS probes; (ii) alignment of the TERS system; (iii) experimental procedures for nanoscale imaging using TERS; and (iv) TERS data processing. We provide procedures and example data for a range of different sample types, including polymer thin films, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organic molecules, photocatalyst surfaces, small molecules within biological cells, single-layer graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes in both air and water. With this protocol, TERS probes can be prepared within ~23 h, and each subsequent TERS experimental procedure requires 3-5 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK.,Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Terzano R, Denecke MA, Falkenberg G, Miller B, Paterson D, Janssens K. Recent advances in analysis of trace elements in environmental samples by X-ray based techniques (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2019; 91:1029-1063. [PMID: 32831407 PMCID: PMC7433040 DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Trace elements analysis is a fundamental challenge in environmental sciences. Scientists measure trace elements in environmental media in order to assess the quality and safety of ecosystems and to quantify the burden of anthropogenic pollution. Among the available analytical techniques, X-ray based methods are particularly powerful, as they can quantify trace elements in situ. Chemical extraction is not required, as is the case for many other analytical techniques. In the last few years, the potential for X-ray techniques to be applied in the environmental sciences has dramatically increased due to developments in laboratory instruments and synchrotron radiation facilities with improved sensitivity and spatial resolution. In this report, we summarize the principles of the X-ray based analytical techniques most frequently employed to study trace elements in environmental samples. We report on the most recent developments in laboratory and synchrotron techniques, as well as advances in instrumentation, with a special attention on X-ray sources, detectors, and optics. Lastly, we inform readers on recent applications of X-ray based analysis to different environmental matrices, such as soil, sediments, waters, wastes, living organisms, geological samples, and atmospheric particulate, and we report examples of sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Terzano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Melissa A. Denecke
- The University of Manchester, Dalton Nuclear Institute, Oxford Road, Manchester M14 9PL, UK
| | - Gerald Falkenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Photon Science, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bradley Miller
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Enforcement Investigations Center, Lakewood, Denver, CO 80225, USA
| | - David Paterson
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO Clayton Campus, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Koen Janssens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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Edwards NP, Webb SM, Krest CM, van Campen D, Manning PL, Wogelius RA, Bergmann U. A new synchrotron rapid-scanning X-ray fluorescence (SRS-XRF) imaging station at SSRL beamline 6-2. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1565-1573. [PMID: 30179198 PMCID: PMC6140386 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a new large-range rapid-scan X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging station at beamline 6-2 at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. This station uses a continuous rapid-scan system with a scan range of 1000 × 600 mm and a load capacity of up to 25 kg, capable of 25-100 µm resolution elemental XRF mapping and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of a wide range of objects. XRF is measured using a four-element Hitachi Vortex ME4 silicon drift detector coupled to a Quantum Detectors Xspress3 multi-channel analyzer system. A custom system allows the X-ray spot size to be changed quickly and easily via pinholes ranging from 25 to 100 µm, and the use of a poly-capillary or axially symmetric achromatic optic may achieve a <10 µm resolution in the future. The instrument is located at wiggler beamline 6-2 which has an energy range of 2.1-17 keV, creating K emission for elements up to strontium, and L or M emission for all other elements. XAS can also be performed at selected sample positions within the same experiment, allowing for a more detailed chemical characterization of the elements of interest. Furthermore, sparse excitation energy XRF imaging can be performed over a wide range of incident X-ray energies. User friendliness has been emphasized in all stages of the experiment, including versatile sample mounts, He purged chambers for low-Z analyses, and intuitive visualization hardware and software. The station provides analysis capabilities for a wide range of materials and research fields including biological, chemical, environmental and materials science, paleontology, geology and cultural heritage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Edwards
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Samuel M. Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Courtney M. Krest
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Douglas van Campen
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Phillip L. Manning
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, Interdisciplinary Centre for Ancient Life, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Roy A. Wogelius
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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van der Ent A, Przybyłowicz WJ, de Jonge MD, Harris HH, Ryan CG, Tylko G, Paterson DJ, Barnabas AD, Kopittke PM, Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J. X-ray elemental mapping techniques for elucidating the ecophysiology of hyperaccumulator plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:432-452. [PMID: 28994153 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 432 I. Introduction 433 II. Preparation of plant samples for X-ray micro-analysis 433 III. X-ray elemental mapping techniques 438 IV. X-ray data analysis 442 V. Case studies 443 VI. Conclusions 446 Acknowledgements 449 Author contributions 449 References 449 SUMMARY: Hyperaccumulators are attractive models for studying metal(loid) homeostasis, and probing the spatial distribution and coordination chemistry of metal(loid)s in their tissues is important for advancing our understanding of their ecophysiology. X-ray elemental mapping techniques are unique in providing in situ information, and with appropriate sample preparation offer results true to biological conditions of the living plant. The common platform of these techniques is a reliance on characteristic X-rays of elements present in a sample, excited either by electrons (scanning/transmission electron microscopy), protons (proton-induced X-ray emission) or X-rays (X-ray fluorescence microscopy). Elucidating the cellular and tissue-level distribution of metal(loid)s is inherently challenging and accurate X-ray analysis places strict demands on sample collection, preparation and analytical conditions, to avoid elemental redistribution, chemical modification or ultrastructural alterations. We compare the merits and limitations of the individual techniques, and focus on the optimal field of applications for inferring ecophysiological processes in hyperaccumulator plants. X-ray elemental mapping techniques can play a key role in answering questions at every level of metal(loid) homeostasis in plants, from the rhizosphere interface, to uptake pathways in the roots and shoots. Further improvements in technological capabilities offer exciting perspectives for the study of hyperaccumulator plants into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony van der Ent
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, Université de Lorraine-INRA, 54518, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Wojciech J Przybyłowicz
- iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, PO Box 722, Somerset West, 7129, South Africa
- Faculty of Physics & Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, PL30-059, Poland
| | - Martin D de Jonge
- X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy, Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, Vic, 3168, Australia
| | - Hugh H Harris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Chris G Ryan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Mineral Resources, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
| | - Grzegorz Tylko
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, PL30-387, Poland
| | - David J Paterson
- X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy, Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, Vic, 3168, Australia
| | - Alban D Barnabas
- iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, PO Box 722, Somerset West, 7129, South Africa
| | - Peter M Kopittke
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
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Lemelle L, Simionovici A, Schoonjans T, Tucoulou R, Enrico E, Salomé M, Hofmann A, Cavalazzi B. Analytical requirements for quantitative X-ray fluorescence nano-imaging of metal traces in solid samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
The preservation and understanding of cultural heritage depends increasingly on in-depth chemical studies. Rapid technological advances are forging connections between scientists and arts communities, enabling revolutionary new techniques for non-invasive technical study of culturally significant, highly prized artworks. We have applied a non-invasive, rapid, high definition X-ray fluorescence (XRF) elemental mapping technique to a French Impressionist painting using a synchrotron radiation source, and show how this technology can advance scholarly art interpretation and preservation. We have obtained detailed technical understanding of a painting which could not be resolved by conventional techniques. Here we show 31.6 megapixel scanning XRF derived elemental maps and report a novel image processing methodology utilising these maps to produce a false colour representation of a “hidden” portrait by Edgar Degas. This work provides a cohesive methodology for both imaging and understanding the chemical composition of artworks, and enables scholarly understandings of cultural heritage, many of which have eluded conventional technologies. We anticipate that the outcome from this work will encourage the reassessment of some of the world’s great art treasures.
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Turnbull T, Douglass M, Paterson D, Bezak E, Thierry B, Kempson I. Relating Intercellular Variability in Nanoparticle Uptake with Biological Consequence: A Quantitative X-ray Fluorescence Study for Radiosensitization of Cells. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10693-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyron Turnbull
- Future
Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes
Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Michael Douglass
- Department
of Medical Physics, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - David Paterson
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Eva Bezak
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- International
Centre for Allied Health Evidence and Sansom Institute for Health
Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future
Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes
Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Ivan Kempson
- Future
Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes
Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
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9
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Somogyi A, Medjoubi K, Baranton G, Le Roux V, Ribbens M, Polack F, Philippot P, Samama JP. Optical design and multi-length-scale scanning spectro-microscopy possibilities at the Nanoscopium beamline of Synchrotron Soleil. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2015; 22:1118-29. [PMID: 26134820 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515009364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Nanoscopium 155 m-long beamline of Synchrotron Soleil is dedicated to scanning hard X-ray nanoprobe techniques. Nanoscopium aims to reach ≤100 nm resolution in the 5-20 keV energy range for routine user experiments. The beamline design tackles the tight stability requirements of such a scanning nanoprobe by creating an overfilled secondary source, implementing all horizontally reflecting main beamline optics, applying high mechanical stability equipment and constructing a dedicated high-stability building envelope. Multi-technique scanning imaging and tomography including X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and spectro-microscopy, absorption, differential phase and dark-field contrasts are implemented at the beamline in order to provide simultaneous information on the elemental distribution, speciation and sample morphology. This paper describes the optical concept and the first measured performance of the Nanoscopium beamline followed by the hierarchical length-scale multi-technique imaging experiments performed with dwell times down to 3 ms per pixel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Somogyi
- Synchrotron Soleil, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kadda Medjoubi
- Synchrotron Soleil, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gil Baranton
- Synchrotron Soleil, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vincent Le Roux
- Synchrotron Soleil, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc Ribbens
- Synchrotron Soleil, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Polack
- Synchrotron Soleil, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Philippot
- Géobiosphère Actuelle and Primitive, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, 75238 Paris, France
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10
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Schroer CG, Falkenberg G. Hard X-ray nanofocusing at low-emittance synchrotron radiation sources. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2014; 21:996-1005. [PMID: 25177988 PMCID: PMC4151680 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577514016269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
X-ray scanning microscopy relies on intensive nanobeams generated by imaging a highly brilliant synchrotron radiation source onto the sample with a nanofocusing X-ray optic. Here, using a Gaussian model for the central cone of an undulator source, the nanobeam generated by refractive X-ray lenses is modeled in terms of size, flux and coherence. The beam properties are expressed in terms of the emittances of the storage ring and the lateral sizes of the electron beam. Optimal source parameters are calculated to obtain efficient and diffraction-limited nanofocusing. With decreasing emittance, the usable fraction of the beam for diffraction-limited nanofocusing experiments can be increased by more than two orders of magnitude compared with modern storage ring sources. For a diffraction-limited storage ring, nearly the whole beam can be focused, making these sources highly attractive for X-ray scanning microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G. Schroer
- Institut für Strukturphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence e-mail:
| | - Gerald Falkenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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Grubman A, James SA, James J, Duncan C, Volitakis I, Hickey JL, Crouch PJ, Donnelly PS, Kanninen KM, Liddell JR, Cotman SL, de Jonge, White AR. X-ray fluorescence imaging reveals subcellular biometal disturbances in a childhood neurodegenerative disorder. Chem Sci 2014; 5:2503-2516. [PMID: 24976945 PMCID: PMC4070600 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00316k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biometals such as zinc, iron, copper and calcium play key roles in diverse physiological processes in the brain, but can be toxic in excess. A hallmark of neurodegeneration is a failure of homeostatic mechanisms controlling the concentration and distribution of these elements, resulting in overload, deficiency or mislocalization. A major roadblock to understanding the impact of altered biometal homeostasis in neurodegenerative disease is the lack of rapid, specific and sensitive techniques capable of providing quantitative subcellular information on biometal homeostasis in situ. Recent advances in X-ray fluorescence detectors have provided an opportunity to rapidly measure biometal content at subcellular resolution in cell populations using X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy (XFM). We applied this approach to investigate subcellular biometal homeostasis in a cerebellar cell line isolated from a natural mouse model of a childhood neurodegenerative disorder, the CLN6 form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, commonly known as Batten disease. Despite no global changes to whole cell concentrations of zinc or calcium, XFM revealed significant subcellular mislocalization of these important biological second messengers in cerebellar Cln6nclf (CbCln6nclf ) cells. XFM revealed that nuclear-to-cytoplasmic trafficking of zinc was severely perturbed in diseased cells and the subcellular distribution of calcium was drastically altered in CbCln6nclf cells. Subtle differences in the zinc K-edge X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectra of control and CbCln6nclf cells suggested that impaired zinc homeostasis may be associated with an altered ligand set in CbCln6nclf cells. Importantly, a zinc-complex, ZnII(atsm), restored the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic zinc ratios in CbCln6nclf cells via nuclear zinc delivery, and restored the relationship between subcellular zinc and calcium levels to that observed in healthy control cells. ZnII(atsm) treatment also resulted in a reduction in the number of calcium-rich puncta observed in CbCln6nclf cells. This study highlights the complementarities of bulk and single cell analysis of metal content for understanding disease states. We demonstrate the utility and broad applicability of XFM for subcellular analysis of perturbed biometal metabolism and mechanism of action studies for novel therapeutics to target neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grubman
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - S A James
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton 3168, Australia ; Materials Science and Engineering and the Preventative Health Flagship, CSIRO, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - J James
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - C Duncan
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - I Volitakis
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - J L Hickey
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - P J Crouch
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - P S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - K M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
| | - J R Liddell
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - S L Cotman
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - de Jonge
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - A R White
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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James SA, Feltis BN, de Jonge MD, Sridhar M, Kimpton JA, Altissimo M, Mayo S, Zheng C, Hastings A, Howard DL, Paterson DJ, Wright PFA, Moorhead GF, Turney TW, Fu J. Quantification of ZnO nanoparticle uptake, distribution, and dissolution within individual human macrophages. ACS NANO 2013; 7:10621-35. [PMID: 24187959 DOI: 10.1021/nn403118u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The usefulness of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles has led to their wide distribution in consumer products, despite only a limited understanding of how this nanomaterial behaves within biological systems. From a nanotoxicological viewpoint the interaction(s) of ZnO nanoparticles with cells of the immune system is of specific interest, as these nanostructures are readily phagocytosed. In this study, rapid scanning X-ray fluorescence microscopy was used to assay the number ZnO nanoparticles associated with ∼1000 individual THP-1 monocyte-derived human macrophages. These data showed that nanoparticle-treated cells endured a 400% elevation in total Zn levels, 13-fold greater than the increase observed when incubated in the presence of an equitoxic concentration of ZnCl2. Even after excluding the contribution of internalized nanoparticles, Zn levels in nanoparticle treated cells were raised ∼200% above basal levels. As dissolution of ZnO nanoparticles is critical to their cytotoxic response, we utilized a strategy combining ion beam milling, X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy to directly probe the distribution and composition of ZnO nanoparticles throughout the cellular interior. This study demonstrated that correlative photon and ion beam imaging techniques can provide both high-resolution and statistically powerful information on the biology of metal oxide nanoparticles at the single-cell level. Our approach promises ready application to broader studies of phenomena at the interface of nanotechnology and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A James
- Australian Synchrotron , Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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