1
|
van der Ent A, Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J, Przybyłowicz WJ, Barnabas AD, de Jonge MD, Harris HH. Contrasting patterns of nickel distribution in the hyperaccumulators Phyllanthus balgooyi and Phyllanthus rufuschaneyi from Malaysian Borneo. Metallomics 2022; 14:mfac020. [PMID: 35556136 PMCID: PMC9113358 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the majority of Ni hyperaccumulator plants occur on ultramafic soils in tropical regions, and the genus Phyllanthus, from the Phyllanthaceae family, is globally the most represented taxonomical group. Two species from Sabah (Malaysia) are remarkable because Phyllanthus balgooyi can attain >16 wt% of Ni in its phloem exudate, while Phyllanthus rufuschaneyi reaches foliar concentrations of up to 3.5 wt% Ni, which are amongst the most extreme concentrations of Ni in any plant tissue. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy, nuclear microbe (micro-PIXE+BS) and (cryo) scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to spatially resolve the elemental distribution in the plant organs of P. balgooyi and P. rufuschaneyi. The results show that P. balgooyi has extraordinary enrichment of Ni in the (secondary) veins of the leaves, whereas in contrast, in P. rufuschaneyi Ni occurs in interveinal areas. In the roots and stems, Ni is localized mainly in the cortex and phloem but is much lower in the xylem. The findings of this study show that, even within the same genus, the distribution of nickel and other elements, and inferred processes involved with metal hyperaccumulation, can differ substantially between species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antony van der Ent
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | | | - Wojciech J Przybyłowicz
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Faculty of Physics & Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Alban D Barnabas
- Materials Research Department, iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West 7129, South Africa
| | | | - Hugh H Harris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van der Ent A, de Jonge MD, Echevarria G, Aarts MGM, Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J, Przybyłowicz WJ, Brueckner D, Harris HH. OUP accepted manuscript. Metallomics 2022; 14:6615454. [PMID: 35746898 PMCID: PMC9226517 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The molecular biology and genetics of the Ni–Cd–Zn hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens has been extensively studied, but no information is yet available on Ni and Zn redistribution and mobilization during seed germination. Due to the different physiological functions of these elements, and their associated transporter pathways, we expected differential tissue distribution and different modes of translocation of Ni and Zn during germination. This study used synchrotron X-ray fluorescence tomography techniques as well as planar elemental X-ray imaging to elucidate elemental (re)distribution at various stages of the germination process in contrasting accessions of N. caerulescens. The results show that Ni and Zn are both located primarily in the cotyledons of the emerging seedlings and Ni is highest in the ultramafic accessions (up to 0.15 wt%), whereas Zn is highest in the calamine accession (up to 600 μg g–1). The distribution of Ni and Zn in seeds was very similar, and neither element was translocated during germination. The Fe maps were especially useful to obtain spatial reference within the seeds, as it clearly marked the vasculature. This study shows how a multimodal combination of synchrotron techniques can be used to obtain powerful insights about the metal distribution in physically intact seeds and seedlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antony van der Ent
- Correspondence: Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute (SMI), Level 5, Sir James Foots Building (No. 47A), The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia. Tel: +61 7 3346 4003; E-mail:
| | | | - Guillaume Echevarria
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine-INRAE, Vandœuvre-lés-Nancy, UMR 1120, France
| | - Mark G M Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wojciech J Przybyłowicz
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics & Applied Computer Science, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dennis Brueckner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Hugh H Harris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Babst‐Kostecka A, Przybyłowicz WJ, Seget B, Mesjasz‐Przybyłowicz J. Zinc allocation to and within Arabidopsis halleri seeds: Different strategies of metal homeostasis in accessions under divergent selection pressure. Plant Environ Interact 2020; 1:207-220. [PMID: 37284210 PMCID: PMC10168052 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vegetative tissues of metal(loid)-hyperaccumulating plants are widely used to study plant metal homeostasis and adaptation to metalliferous soils, but little is known about these mechanisms in their seeds. We explored essential element allocation to Arabidopsis halleri seeds, a species that faces a particular trade-off between meeting nutrient requirements and minimizing toxicity risks.Combining advanced elemental mapping (micro-particle induced X-ray emission) with chemical analyses of plant and soil material, we investigated natural variation in Zn allocation to A. halleri seeds from non-metalliferous and metalliferous locations. We also assessed the tissue-level distribution and concentration of other nutrients to identify possible disorders in seed homeostasis.Unexpectedly, the highest Zn concentration was found in seeds of a non-metalliferous lowland location, whereas concentrations were relatively low in all other seed samples-including metallicolous ones. The abundance of other nutrients in seeds was unaffected by metalliferous site conditions.Our findings depict contrasting strategies of Zn allocation to A. halleri seeds: increased delivery at lowland non-metalliferous locations (a likely natural selection toward enhanced Zn-hyperaccumulation in vegetative tissues) versus limited translocation at metalliferous sites where external Zn concentrations are toxic for non-tolerant plants. Both strategies are worth exploring further to resolve metal homeostasis mechanisms and their effects on seed development and nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Babst‐Kostecka
- Department of Environmental ScienceThe University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
- Department of Ecology, W. Szafer Institute of BotanyPolish Academy of SciencesKrakowPoland
| | - Wojciech J. Przybyłowicz
- Faculty of Physics & Applied Computer ScienceAGH University of Science and TechnologyKrakówPoland
- Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
| | - Barbara Seget
- Department of Ecology, W. Szafer Institute of BotanyPolish Academy of SciencesKrakowPoland
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abubakari F, Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J, Przybyłowicz WJ, van der Ent A. Convergent patterns of tissue-level distribution of elements in different tropical woody nickel hyperaccumulator species from Borneo Island. AoB Plants 2020; 12:plaa058. [PMID: 33408845 PMCID: PMC7759247 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Malaysian state of Sabah on the Island of Borneo has recently emerged as a global hotspot of nickel hyperaccumulator plants. This study focuses on the tissue-level distribution of nickel and other physiologically relevant elements in hyperaccumulator plants with distinct phylogenetical affinities. The roots, old stems, young stems and leaves of Flacourtia kinabaluensis (Salicaceae), Actephila alanbakeri (Phyllanthaceae), Psychotria sarmentosa (Rubiaceae) and young stems and leaves of Glochidion brunneum (Phyllanthaceae) were studied using nuclear microprobe (micro-PIXE and micro-BS) analysis. The tissue-level distribution of nickel found in these species has the same overall pattern as in most other hyperaccumulator plants studied previously, with substantial enrichment in the epidermal cells and in the phloem. This study also revealed enrichment of potassium in the spongy and palisade mesophyll of the studied species. Calcium, chlorine, manganese and cobalt were found to be enriched in the phloem and also concentrated in the epidermis and cortex of the studied species. Although hyperaccumulation ostensibly evolved numerous times independently, the basic mechanisms inferred from tissue elemental localization are convergent in these tropical woody species from Borneo Island.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farida Abubakari
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Sir James Foots Building, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Wojciech J Przybyłowicz
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag, Matieland, South Africa
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics & Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza, Kraków, Poland
| | - Antony van der Ent
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Sir James Foots Building, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Universite de Lorraine – INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J, Przybyłowicz WJ. Ecophysiology of nickel hyperaccumulating plants from South Africa - from ultramafic soil and mycorrhiza to plants and insects. Metallomics 2020; 12:1018-1035. [PMID: 32459223 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00282k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An overview of 30 years of studies related to South African nickel hyperaccumulators is presented. Only five species have so far been identified as Ni hyperaccumulator plants among very rich and diversified South African flora. All of them occur on soils derived from ultramafic (serpentine) rocks and belong to the family Asteraceae: Berkheya coddii Roessler, Berkheya zeyheri subsp. rehmannii var. rogersiana, Berkheya nivea, Senecio coronatus, Senecio anomalochrous. Several techniques and methods were used to investigate ecophysiological aspects of the Ni hyperaccumulation phenomenon, from basic field and laboratory studies, to advanced instrumental methods. Analysis of elemental distribution in plant parts showed that in most cases the hyperaccumulated metal was stored in physiologically inactive tissues such as the foliar epidermis. However, an exception is Berkheya coddii, which has a distinctly different pattern of Ni distribution in leaves, with the highest concentration in the mesophyll. Such a distribution suggests that different physiological mechanisms are involved in the Ni transport, storage location and detoxification, compared to other hyperaccumulator species. Berkheya coddii is a plant with high potential for phytoremediation and phytomining due to its large biomass and potentially high Ni yield, that can reach 7.6% of Ni in dry mass of leaves. Senecio coronatus is the only known hyperaccumulator with two genotypes, hyperaccumulating and non-hyperaccumulating, growing on Ni-enriched/metalliferous soil. Detailed ultrastructural studies were undertaken to characterize specialized groups of cells in the root cortex of Ni-hyperaccumulating genotype, that are not known from any other hyperaccumulator. The occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) in Ni-hyperaccumulating plants was found for the first time in South African hyperaccumulator plants, and this type of symbiosis has been proved obligatory in all of them. There is a significant influence of mycorrhiza on the concentration and distribution of several elements. Three highly specialized herbivore insects feeding only on Ni hyperaccumulator plants were identified: Chrysolina clathrata (formerly Chrysolina pardalina), Epilachna nylanderi and Stenoscepa sp. The Ni-elimination strategies of these specialised insects have been established. Microbiological studies have revealed several genera of fungi and bacteria isolated from B. coddii leaves as well as presence of specialised, Ni-resistant yeasts in the C. clathrata gut. Understanding ecophysiological response to harsh environment broadens our knowledge and can have practical applications in cleaning polluted environments through phytomining/agromining. Finally, conservation aspects are also discussed and lines for future research are proposed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Babst-Kostecka A, Przybyłowicz WJ, van der Ent A, Ryan C, Dietrich CC, Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J. Endosperm prevents toxic amounts of Zn from accumulating in the seed embryo – an adaptation to metalliferous sites in metal-tolerant Biscutella laevigata. Metallomics 2020; 12:42-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The pseudometallophyte Biscutella laevigata adapts to metalliferous soils by allocating excess metal(loid)s to the endosperm (E) of seeds to protect embryonic tissues and improve reproductive success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Babst-Kostecka
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Department of Ecology
- 31-512 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Wojciech J. Przybyłowicz
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Physics & Applied Computer Science
- 30-059 Kraków
- Poland
- Department of Botany and Zoology
| | - Antony van der Ent
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation
- Sustainable Minerals Institute
- The University of Queensland
- Australia
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement
| | | | - Charlotte C. Dietrich
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Department of Ecology
- 31-512 Krakow
- Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
van der Ent A, Vinya R, Erskine PD, Malaisse F, Przybyłowicz WJ, Barnabas AD, Harris HH, Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J. Elemental distribution and chemical speciation of copper and cobalt in three metallophytes from the copper–cobalt belt in Northern Zambia. Metallomics 2020; 12:682-701. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00263d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metallophytes from the Zambian copper–cobalt belt have a complex Cu–Co coordination chemistry and diverse elemental distribution at the tissue-level. This study reveals different ecophysiological responses in hyper-tolerant plant species growing in metalliferous environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antony van der Ent
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation
- Sustainable Minerals Institute
- The University of Queensland
- Australia
- Université de Lorraine – INRA
| | - Royd Vinya
- School of Natural Resources, Plant and Environmental Sciences Department
- The Copperbelt University
- Zambia
| | - Peter D. Erskine
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation
- Sustainable Minerals Institute
- The University of Queensland
- Australia
| | - François Malaisse
- Botanic Garden Meise
- Belgium
- Biodiversity and Landscape Unit
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech
- Belgium
| | - Wojciech J. Przybyłowicz
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Physics & Applied Computer Science
- 30-059 Kraków
- Poland
- Department of Botany and Zoology
| | - Alban D. Barnabas
- Materials Research Department
- iThemba LABS National Research Foundation
- Somerset West 7129
- South Africa
| | - Hugh H. Harris
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
van der Ent A, Malaisse F, Erskine PD, Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J, Przybyłowicz WJ, Barnabas AD, Sośnicka M, Harris HH. Abnormal concentrations of Cu–Co in Haumaniastrum katangense, Haumaniastrum robertii and Aeolanthus biformifolius: contamination or hyperaccumulation? Metallomics 2019; 11:586-596. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00300a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Surficial contamination is not the cause for abnormal Cu–Co concentrations in Haumaniastrum katangense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antony van der Ent
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation
- Sustainable Minerals Institute
- The University of Queensland
- Australia
- Université de Lorraine – INRA
| | - François Malaisse
- Biodiversity and Landscape Unit
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech
- Liège University
- Gembloux 5030
- Belgium
| | - Peter D. Erskine
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation
- Sustainable Minerals Institute
- The University of Queensland
- Australia
| | | | | | - Alban D. Barnabas
- Department of Botany and Zoology
- Stellenbosch University
- Private Bag X1
- Matieland 7602
- South Africa
| | - Marta Sośnicka
- GFZ
- German Research Centre for Geosciences
- D-14473 Potsdam
- Germany
- University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Hugh H. Harris
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Adelaide
- South Australia
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
van der Ent A, Przybyłowicz WJ, de Jonge MD, Harris HH, Ryan CG, Tylko G, Paterson DJ, Barnabas AD, Kopittke PM, Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J. X-ray elemental mapping techniques for elucidating the ecophysiology of hyperaccumulator plants. New Phytol 2018; 218:432-452. [PMID: 28994153 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 432 I. Introduction 433 II. Preparation of plant samples for X-ray micro-analysis 433 III. X-ray elemental mapping techniques 438 IV. X-ray data analysis 442 V. Case studies 443 VI. Conclusions 446 Acknowledgements 449 Author contributions 449 References 449 SUMMARY: Hyperaccumulators are attractive models for studying metal(loid) homeostasis, and probing the spatial distribution and coordination chemistry of metal(loid)s in their tissues is important for advancing our understanding of their ecophysiology. X-ray elemental mapping techniques are unique in providing in situ information, and with appropriate sample preparation offer results true to biological conditions of the living plant. The common platform of these techniques is a reliance on characteristic X-rays of elements present in a sample, excited either by electrons (scanning/transmission electron microscopy), protons (proton-induced X-ray emission) or X-rays (X-ray fluorescence microscopy). Elucidating the cellular and tissue-level distribution of metal(loid)s is inherently challenging and accurate X-ray analysis places strict demands on sample collection, preparation and analytical conditions, to avoid elemental redistribution, chemical modification or ultrastructural alterations. We compare the merits and limitations of the individual techniques, and focus on the optimal field of applications for inferring ecophysiological processes in hyperaccumulator plants. X-ray elemental mapping techniques can play a key role in answering questions at every level of metal(loid) homeostasis in plants, from the rhizosphere interface, to uptake pathways in the roots and shoots. Further improvements in technological capabilities offer exciting perspectives for the study of hyperaccumulator plants into the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antony van der Ent
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, Université de Lorraine-INRA, 54518, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Wojciech J Przybyłowicz
- iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, PO Box 722, Somerset West, 7129, South Africa
- Faculty of Physics & Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, PL30-059, Poland
| | - Martin D de Jonge
- X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy, Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, Vic, 3168, Australia
| | - Hugh H Harris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Chris G Ryan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Mineral Resources, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
| | - Grzegorz Tylko
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, PL30-387, Poland
| | - David J Paterson
- X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy, Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, Vic, 3168, Australia
| | - Alban D Barnabas
- iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, PO Box 722, Somerset West, 7129, South Africa
| | - Peter M Kopittke
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Turnau K, Przybyłowicz WJ, Ryszka P, Orłowska E, Anielska T, Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J. Mycorrhizal fungi modify element distribution in gametophytes and sporophytes of a fern Pellaeaviridis from metaliferous soils. Chemosphere 2013; 92:1267-1273. [PMID: 23714153 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the element distribution within mycothallic and nonmycothallic gametophytes and the early stages of sporophyte development of Pellaea viridis (Pteridaceae) were investigated. Gametophytes of this fern were collected from soil samples originating in the ultramafic area of the Agnes Mine near Barberton, South Africa. The gametophytes were grown on both the original soil and on a plant growth substratum obtained from the local botanical garden. Gametophytes and young sporophytes grown on substratum inoculated with Glomus tenue or non-inoculated were freeze-dried, and the distribution of elements was studied using micro-PIXE. The GeoPIXE II software package was used for quantitative elemental mapping complemented by data extracted from arbitrarily selected micro-areas. The obtained results suggest that although the fern itself avoids the uptake of large amounts of heavy metals, increased levels of Ni, Cr, Fe, Co and Ti were found in the part of the gametophyte that hosted the fungal endophyte. This finding suggests that the fungus might be active in the immobilisation of certain potentially toxic metals that are taken up from the soil by the plant, although other mechanisms cannot be excluded. For the first time, precise, quantitative measurements of the concentration of individual elements in the fern gametophytes and young sporophytes were obtained, along with their distribution within the plant parts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Turnau
- Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cvitanich C, Przybyłowicz WJ, Urbanski DF, Jurkiewicz AM, Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J, Blair MW, Astudillo C, Jensen EØ, Stougaard J. Iron and ferritin accumulate in separate cellular locations in Phaseolus seeds. BMC Plant Biol 2010; 10:26. [PMID: 20149228 PMCID: PMC2831038 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron is an important micronutrient for all living organisms. Almost 25% of the world population is affected by iron deficiency, a leading cause of anemia. In plants, iron deficiency leads to chlorosis and reduced yield. Both animals and plants may suffer from iron deficiency when their diet or environment lacks bioavailable iron. A sustainable way to reduce iron malnutrition in humans is to develop staple crops with increased content of bioavailable iron. Knowledge of where and how iron accumulates in seeds of crop plants will increase the understanding of plant iron metabolism and will assist in the production of staples with increased bioavailable iron. RESULTS Here we reveal the distribution of iron in seeds of three Phaseolus species including thirteen genotypes of P. vulgaris, P. coccineus, and P. lunatus. We showed that high concentrations of iron accumulate in cells surrounding the provascular tissue of P. vulgaris and P. coccineus seeds. Using the Perls' Prussian blue method, we were able to detect iron in the cytoplasm of epidermal cells, cells near the epidermis, and cells surrounding the provascular tissue. In contrast, the protein ferritin that has been suggested as the major iron storage protein in legumes was only detected in the amyloplasts of the seed embryo. Using the non-destructive micro-PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) technique we show that the tissue in the proximity of the provascular bundles holds up to 500 microg g(-1) of iron, depending on the genotype. In contrast to P. vulgaris and P. coccineus, we did not observe iron accumulation in the cells surrounding the provascular tissues of P. lunatus cotyledons. A novel iron-rich genotype, NUA35, with a high concentration of iron both in the seed coat and cotyledons was bred from a cross between an Andean and a Mesoamerican genotype. CONCLUSIONS The presented results emphasize the importance of complementing research in model organisms with analysis in crop plants and they suggest that iron distribution criteria should be integrated into selection strategies for bean biofortification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cvitanich
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Wojciech J Przybyłowicz
- Materials Research Department, iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
- on leave from: Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorian F Urbanski
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna M Jurkiewicz
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Matthew W Blair
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Erik Ø Jensen
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vogel-Mikus K, Simcic J, Pelicon P, Budnar M, Kump P, Necemer M, Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J, Przybyłowicz WJ, Regvar M. Comparison of essential and non-essential element distribution in leaves of the Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator Thlaspi praecox as revealed by micro-PIXE. Plant Cell Environ 2008; 31:1484-1496. [PMID: 18643900 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01858.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A detailed localization of elements in leaf tissues of the field-collected Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator Thlaspi praecox (Brassicaceae) growing at a highly metal-polluted site was determined by micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE) in order to reveal and compare nutrient and non-essential element accumulation patterns in the case of multiple metal accumulation within particular leaf tissues, including the detailed distribution between apoplast and symplast regions. On the larger scans, the highest concentrations of metals were observed in the epidermis, S and Ca in the palisade mesophyll, Cl in the spongy mesophyll and vascular bundles, and P and K in the vascular bundles. On the more detailed scans, the highest Cd, Pb, Cl and K concentrations were observed in vascular bundle collenchyma. The relative element distribution (%) was calculated based on concentrations of elements in particular leaf tissues and their relative weight portions, indicating that most of the accumulated Zn was located in epidermises, while the majority of Cd and Pb was distributed within the mesophyll. Detailed scans of epidermal/mesophyll tissues revealed that Zn was mainly accumulated and detoxified in the symplast of large vacuolated epidermal cells, Cd in the mesophyll symplast, and Pb in the mesophyll symplast and apoplast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Vogel-Mikus
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vogel-Mikuš K, Regvar M, Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J, Przybyłowicz WJ, Simčič J, Pelicon P, Budnar M. Spatial distribution of cadmium in leaves of metal hyperaccumulating Thlaspi praecox using micro-PIXE. New Phytol 2008; 179:712-721. [PMID: 18554265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
* Localization of cadmium (Cd) and other elements was studied in the leaves of the field-collected cadmium/zinc (Cd/Zn) hyperaccumulator Thlaspi praecox from an area polluted with heavy metals near a lead mine and smelter in Slovenia, using micro-PIXE (proton-induced X-ray emission). * The samples were prepared using cryofixation. Quantitative elemental maps and average concentrations in whole-leaf cross-sections and selected tissues were obtained. * Cd was preferentially localized in the lower epidermis (820 microg g(-1) DW), vascular bundles and upper epidermis, whereas about twice the lower concentrations were found in the mesophyll. * Taking into account the large volume of the mesophyll compared with the epidermis, the mesophyll is indicated as a relatively large pool of Cd, possibly involved in Cd detoxification/dilution at the tissue and cellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjana Regvar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Wojciech J Przybyłowicz
- Materials Research Group, iThemba LABS, PO Box 722, Somerset West 7129, South Africa
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jure Simčič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miloš Budnar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Elemental microanalysis of biological material in the frozen-hydrated state using in-vacuum proton induced X-ray emission is described for the first time. For this purpose, a commercially available cryotransfer system was modified and coupled to the experimental chamber of the nuclear microprobe (NMP). The analyzed material was frozen in propane cooled by liquid nitrogen, fractured, carbon coated, and transferred onto the cold stage (100 K) of the nuclear microprobe chamber. Micro-PIXE and simultaneous proton backscattering was performed using a 3 MeV proton beam. Quantitative results were obtained by the standardless method, and tested using 20% gelatin standards. Monitoring of the gas composition inside the system by means of mass spectrometry performed before, during, and after proton bombardment showed good stability of the analyzed material for proton currents not exceeding 150 pA. Average concentrations of light elements (C, N, O, and indirectly H) were also obtained by the proton backscattering technique. No losses of elements measurable by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) during proton irradiation were found during repetitive, short analyses of the same micro areas of gelatin standards. Measurements of thick sections of selected plant and animal material in the frozen-hydrated state-leaf sections of the plant Senecio anomalochrous Hilliard (Asteraceae) and larvae of Chysolina pardalina Fabricius (Chrysomelidae)-showed very good preservation of morphology and elemental distribution. Limits of detection of the order of a few micro g g(-1) were obtained for most elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Tylko
- Materials Research Group, iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Augustyniak M, Juchimiuk J, Przybyłowicz WJ, Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J, Babczyńska A, Migula P. Zinc-induced DNA damage and the distribution of metals in the brain of grasshoppers by the comet assay and micro-PIXE. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2006; 144:242-51. [PMID: 17097926 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The distribution and concentration of selected elements by PIXE method and DNA damage using comet assay in brains of 1st instars of grasshoppers Chorthippus brunneus from unpolluted (Pilica) and polluted (Olkusz) site, additionally exposed to various doses of zinc during diapause or after hatching, were measured. We tried to assess the degree of possible pre-adaptation of the insects to heavy metals and evaluate the utility of these parameters in estimation of insect exposure to industrial pollutants. Additionally, the mechanism of zinc toxicity for grasshopper brains was discussed. We observed the correlation between experimental zinc dose, zinc contents in the brain and DNA damage in neuroblasts, but only in groups exposed to lower zinc concentration. For higher zinc concentration the amount of the metal in brain and DNA damage remained at the control level. Some site-related differences in DNA damage between grasshoppers from Pilica and Olkusz were observed during short-term exposure (after hatching). Significant increase in the calcium contents in the brain, proportional to zinc concentration in sand, was also observed, especially in the offsprings from Olkusz. The results may be the basis for further searching for molecular mechanisms of defense against heavy metals in insects living in polluted habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Augustyniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Budka D, Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J, Przybyłowicz WJ. Environmental pollution monitoring using lichens as bioindicators: a micro-PIXE study. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|