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Brzeszcz J, Steliga T, Ryszka P, Kaszycki P, Kapusta P. Bacteria degrading both n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons are prevalent in soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:5668-5683. [PMID: 38127231 PMCID: PMC10799122 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the distribution of soil bacteria capable of utilizing both n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. These microorganisms have not been comprehensively investigated so far. Ten contaminated (4046-43,861 mg of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) kg-1 of dry weight of soil) and five unpolluted (320-2754 mg TPH kg-1 of dry weight of soil) soil samples from temperate, arid, and Alpine soils were subjected to isolation of degraders with extended preferences and shotgun metagenomic sequencing (selected samples). The applied approach allowed to reveal that (a) these bacteria can be isolated from pristine and polluted soils, and (b) the distribution of alkane monooxygenase (alkB) and aromatic ring hydroxylating dioxygenases (ARHDs) encoding genes is not associated with the contamination presence. Some alkB and ARHD genes shared the same taxonomic affiliation; they were most often linked with the Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, and Mycolicibacterium genera. Moreover, these taxa together with the Paeniglutamicibacter genus constituted the most numerous groups among 132 culturable strains growing in the presence of both n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. All those results indicate (a) the prevalence of the hydrocarbon degraders with extended preferences and (b) the potential of uncontaminated soil as a source of hydrocarbon degraders applied for bioremediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Brzeszcz
- Department of Microbiology, Oil and Gas Institute - National Research Institute, ul. Lubicz 25A, 31-503, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Teresa Steliga
- Department of Production Technology of Reservoir Fluids, Oil and Gas Institute - National Research Institute, ul. Lubicz 25A, 31-503, Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemysław Ryszka
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Kaszycki
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Kapusta
- Department of Microbiology, Oil and Gas Institute - National Research Institute, ul. Lubicz 25A, 31-503, Kraków, Poland
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Pukalski J, Marcol N, Wolan N, Płonka PM, Ryszka P, Kowalski T, Latowski D. Detection of a pheomelanin-like pigment by EPR spectroscopy in the mycelium of Plenodomus biglobosus. Acta Biochim Pol 2020; 67:295-301. [PMID: 32853518 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_5405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Melanin occurrence in Plenodomus biglobosus was investigated using electron paramagnetic (spin) resonance (EPR, ESR) spectroscopy. The fungus was isolated from living and dead leaves of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.). Dark pigmentation of P. biglobosus mycelium in vitro, especially on the reverse, was observed. The black coloration intensified with the age of the culture and inspired us to check if the analyzed fungus species synthesizes melanin. Melanin contains unpaired electrons, thus, EPR spectroscopy was applied, as a specific technique, to verify its presence in P. biglobosus. The EPR spectrum of the mycelium showed a very strong melanin signal, revealing pheomelanin-like features. Thus, the black pigment of P. biglobosus was clearly identified as melanin. However, no melanin was detected in the apparently dark culture medium even when zinc (II) acetate was added to increase the sensitivity of detection. Pheomelanin has many unusual biological functions but it is not commonly found in fungi. Detection of this type of melanin in P. biglobosus, which can be both endophytic or pathogenic, suggests a closer examination of the potential role of this melanin in host-parasite interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pukalski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Marcol
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Norbert Wolan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemysław Mieszko Płonka
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemysław Ryszka
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Kowalski
- Department of Forest Ecosystem Protection, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dariusz Latowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Ryszka P, Lichtscheidl I, Tylko G, Turnau K. Symbiotic microbes of Saxifraga stellaris ssp. alpigena from the copper creek of Schwarzwand (Austrian Alps) enhance plant tolerance to copper. Chemosphere 2019; 228:183-194. [PMID: 31029964 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Saxifraga stellaris var. alpigena grows as one of the very few higher plants in the copper rich area of the "blue creek" in Austria. Two endophytes were isolated from it: Mortierella sp. (fungus), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (bacterium). Both microbes were practically inseparable due to resistance of the bacteria to the antibiotics tested. On PDA media, the fungus showed higher tolerance to copper than the bacterium, which disappeared from both the media and the surface of the fungus in the presence of 150 μM of Cu. However, at this Cu concentration, the bacteria were still detectable inside the mycelium and reappeared on the outside when transferred to media of lower Cu concentration. Microscopic studies of in vitro cultivated plants showed that the fungus was present in both, the roots and shoots of the plant. The effects of endophytes on plant performance were assessed in rhizoboxes filled with Cu-rich substratum; plants inoculated with both microbes showed better growth, survival and photosynthesis performance than the non-inoculated controls. The results of this study prove the beneficial influence of the isolated endophytes on the Cu tolerance of S. stellaris, and indicate the ecological potential of applying microbial consortia to plants under extreme environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Ryszka
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Irene Lichtscheidl
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Grzegorz Tylko
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Turnau
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Górzyńska K, Ślachetka M, Ryszka P, Turnau K, Płachno BJ, Lembicz M. Incidence, Identification, and Mycoparasitic Activity of Clonostachys epichloë, a Hyperparasite of the Fungal Endophyte Epichloë typhina. Plant Dis 2018; 102:1973-1980. [PMID: 30088789 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-18-0320-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Epichloë (Clavicipitaceae, Ascomycota) cause choke disease in many grass species. The disease manifests itself as fungal stromata that form around developing inflorescences, thereby suppressing their maturation. Economic losses in agricultural production due to choke have long been known in the U.S.A. and France, but attempts to control choke disease have not been successful. The interaction between Epichloë typhina (Pers.) Tul. & C. Tul. and its naturally occurring fungal hyperparasite, Clonostachys epichloë (Speg.) Schroers (sexual morph Bionectria epichloë) was investigated in populations of the grass Puccinellia distans (L.) Parl. Fungal hyperparasites occur widely in nature, and many are successfully used commercially as biological control agents against plant pathogenic fungi. Microscopy of Epichloë stromata infected with C. epichloë revealed a lack of asci with ascospores in perithecia and damage to mycelia at sites colonized by C. epichloë. The ability of C. epichloë to colonize E. typhina was confirmed via two in vitro experiments. The percent inhibition of growth of E. typhina strains by C. epichloë varied from 18.40 to 46.50%, and the mycoparasite colonized up to 100% of Epichloë mycelia in a precolonization experiment. We discuss the possibility of using C. epichloë to control choke disease caused by E. typhina in grass populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Górzyńska
- Department of Plant Taxonomy, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Przemysław Ryszka
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Turnau
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartosz J Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland; and
| | - Marlena Lembicz
- Department of Plant Taxonomy, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland
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Kowalczyk A, Chyc M, Ryszka P, Latowski D. Erratum to: Achromobacter xylosoxidans as a new microorganism strain colonizing high-density polyethylene as a key step to its biodegradation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:5985. [PMID: 28004373 PMCID: PMC6828279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kowalczyk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Protection, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Chyc
- State Higher Vocational School in Tarnow, Mickiewicza 8, 33-100, Tarnow, Poland
| | - Przemysław Ryszka
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dariusz Latowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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Kowalczyk A, Chyc M, Ryszka P, Latowski D. Achromobacter xylosoxidans as a new microorganism strain colonizing high-density polyethylene as a key step to its biodegradation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:11349-11356. [PMID: 27072033 PMCID: PMC4884572 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study presents results of research on isolation new bacteria strain Achromobacter xylosoxidans able to effect on the structure of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polymer resistant to degradation in environment. New strain of A. xylosoxidans PE-1 was isolated from the soil and identified by analysis of the 16S ribosome subunit coding sequences. The substance to be degraded was HDPE in the form of thin foil films. The foil samples were analyzed with Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) as well as scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the results revealed degradation of chemical structure of HDPE. About 9 % loss of weight was also detected as a result of A. xylosoxidans PE-1 effect on HDPE foil. On the basis of comparative spectral analysis of the raw material before the bacteria treatment and the spectrum from a spectra database, it was assumed that the HDPE was the only source of carbon and energy for the microorganisms. No fillers or other additives used in the plastic processing were observed in HDPE before experiments. This is the first communication showing that A. xylosoxidans is able to modify chemical structure of HDPE, what was observed both on FTIR, in mass reduction of HDPE and SEM analysis. We also observed quite good growth of the bacteria also when the HDPE was the sole carbon source in the medium. These results prove that A. xylosoxidans is an organism worth applying in future HDPE biodegradation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kowalczyk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Environment Protection, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environment Protection, University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Chyc
- Department of Environmental Protection, Mickiewicza 8, 33-100, Tarnow, Poland
| | - Przemysław Ryszka
- Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dariusz Latowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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Turnau K, Przybyłowicz WJ, Ryszka P, Orłowska E, Anielska T, Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J. Mycorrhizal fungi modify element distribution in gametophytes and sporophytes of a fern Pellaeaviridis from metaliferous soils. Chemosphere 2013; 92:1267-1273. [PMID: 23714153 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the element distribution within mycothallic and nonmycothallic gametophytes and the early stages of sporophyte development of Pellaea viridis (Pteridaceae) were investigated. Gametophytes of this fern were collected from soil samples originating in the ultramafic area of the Agnes Mine near Barberton, South Africa. The gametophytes were grown on both the original soil and on a plant growth substratum obtained from the local botanical garden. Gametophytes and young sporophytes grown on substratum inoculated with Glomus tenue or non-inoculated were freeze-dried, and the distribution of elements was studied using micro-PIXE. The GeoPIXE II software package was used for quantitative elemental mapping complemented by data extracted from arbitrarily selected micro-areas. The obtained results suggest that although the fern itself avoids the uptake of large amounts of heavy metals, increased levels of Ni, Cr, Fe, Co and Ti were found in the part of the gametophyte that hosted the fungal endophyte. This finding suggests that the fungus might be active in the immobilisation of certain potentially toxic metals that are taken up from the soil by the plant, although other mechanisms cannot be excluded. For the first time, precise, quantitative measurements of the concentration of individual elements in the fern gametophytes and young sporophytes were obtained, along with their distribution within the plant parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Turnau
- Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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Podda F, Medas D, De Giudici G, Ryszka P, Wolowski K, Turnau K. Zn biomineralization processes and microbial biofilm in a metal-rich stream (Naracauli, Sardinia). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2013; 21:6793-6808. [PMID: 23872900 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Several decades after the closure of the Ingurtosu mine (SW Sardinia), a variety of seasonal Zn biomineralizations occurs. In this work, waters, microbial consortia, and seasonal precipitates from the Naracauli stream were sampled to investigate chemical composition of stream waters and biominerals, and microbial strain identity. Molecular and morphological analysis revealed that activity of dominant cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya frigida results in precipitation of Zn silicate. The activity of the cyanobacterium was associated to other bacteria and many kind of diatoms, such as Halamphora subsalina and Encyonopsis microcephala, which are trapped in the process of biomineral growth. In this work, the precipitation process is shown to be the result of many different parameters such as hydrologic regime, microbial community adaptation, and biological mediation. It results in a decrease of dissolved Zn in the stream water, and is a potential tool for Zn pollution abatement.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Podda
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09127, Cagliari, Italy
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Ryszka P, Błaszkowski J, Jurkiewicz A, Turnau K. Arbuscular mycorrhiza of Arnica montana under field conditions--conventional and molecular studies. Mycorrhiza 2010; 20:551-557. [PMID: 20195874 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-010-0302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two distinct populations of Arnica montana, an endangered medicinal plant, were studied under field conditions. The material was investigated using microscopic and molecular methods. The analyzed plants were always found to be mycorrhizal. Nineteen arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal DNA sequences were obtained from the roots. They were related to Glomus Group A, but most did not match any known species. Some showed a degree of similarity to fungi colonizing liverworts. Conventional analysis of spores isolated from soil samples allowed to identify different fungal taxa: Glomus macrocarpum, Glomus mosseae, Acaulospora lacunosa, and Scutellospora dipurpurescens. Their spores were also isolated from trap cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Ryszka
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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