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Takimoto-Sato M, Suzuki M, Kimura H, Ge H, Matsumoto M, Makita H, Arai S, Miyazaki T, Nishimura M, Konno S. Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM)/CD5L is involved in the pathogenesis of COPD. Respir Res 2023; 24:201. [PMID: 37592330 PMCID: PMC10433671 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar macrophages (AMs) and AM-produced matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-12 are known to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The apoptosis inhibitor of the macrophages (AIM)/CD5 molecule-like (CD5L) is a multifunctional protein secreted by the macrophages that mainly exists in the blood in a combined form with the immunoglobulin (Ig)M pentamer. Although AIM has both facilitative and suppressive roles in various diseases, its role in COPD remains unclear. METHODS We investigated the role of AIM in COPD pathogenesis using porcine pancreas elastase (PPE)-induced and cigarette smoke-induced emphysema mouse models and an in vitro model using AMs. We also analyzed the differences in the blood AIM/IgM ratio among nonsmokers, healthy smokers, and patients with COPD and investigated the association between the blood AIM/IgM ratio and COPD exacerbations and mortality in patients with COPD. RESULTS Emphysema formation, inflammation, and cell death in the lungs were attenuated in AIM-/- mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice in both PPE- and cigarette smoke-induced emphysema models. The PPE-induced increase in MMP-12 was attenuated in AIM-/- mice at both the mRNA and protein levels. According to in vitro experiments using AMs stimulated with cigarette smoke extract, the MMP-12 level was decreased in AIM-/- mice compared with WT mice. This decrease was reversed by the addition of recombinant AIM. Furthermore, an analysis of clinical samples showed that patients with COPD had a higher blood AIM/IgM ratio than healthy smokers. Additionally, the blood AIM/IgM ratio was positively associated with disease severity in patients with COPD. A higher AIM/IgM ratio was also associated with a shorter time to the first COPD exacerbation and higher all-cause and respiratory mortality. CONCLUSIONS AIM facilitates the development of COPD by upregulating MMP-12. Additionally, a higher blood AIM/IgM ratio was associated with poor prognosis in patients with COPD. TRIAL REGISTRATION This clinical study, which included nonsmokers, healthy smokers, and smokers with COPD, was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hokkaido University Hospital (012-0075, date of registration: September 5, 2012). The Hokkaido COPD cohort study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hokkaido University School of Medicine (med02-001, date of registration: December 25, 2002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Takimoto-Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masaru Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - Haiyan Ge
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Munehiro Matsumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hironi Makita
- Hokkaido Medical Research Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoko Arai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The Institute for AIM Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Miyazaki
- The Institute for AIM Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nishimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
- Hokkaido Medical Research Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Konno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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Predictive Biomarkers for the Ranking of Pulmonary Toxicity of Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10102032. [PMID: 33076408 PMCID: PMC7602652 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the mRNA expression of chemokines in rat lungs following intratracheal instillation of nanomaterials in order to find useful predictive markers of the pulmonary toxicity of nanomaterials. Nickel oxide (NiO) and cerium dioxide (CeO2) as nanomaterials with high pulmonary toxicity, and titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) as nanomaterials with low pulmonary toxicity, were administered into rat lungs (0.8 or 4 mg/kg BW). C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5), C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2), C-C motif chemokine 7 (CCL7), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), and C-X-C motif chemokine 11 (CXCL11) were selected using cDNA microarray analysis at one month after instillation of NiO in the high dose group. The mRNA expression of these five genes were evaluated while using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) from three days to six months after intratracheal instillation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) results showed a considerable relationship between the pulmonary toxicity ranking of nanomaterials and the expression of CXCL5, CCL2, and CCL7 at one week and one month. The expression levels of these three genes also moderately or strongly correlated with inflammation in the lung tissues. Three chemokine genes can be useful as predictive biomarkers for the ranking of the pulmonary toxicity of nanomaterials.
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Ranzieri S, Illica Magrini E, Mozzoni P, Andreoli R, Pelà G, Bertorelli G, Corradi M. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and occupational risk factors. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2019; 110:407-436. [PMID: 31846447 PMCID: PMC7809935 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v110i6.8970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare lung disease of unknown origin that rapidly leads to death. However, the rate of disease progression varies from one individual to another and is still difficult to predict. The prognosis of IPF is poor, with a median survival of three to five years after diagnosis, without curative therapies other than lung transplantation. The factors leading to disease onset and progression are not yet completely known. The current disease paradigm is that sustained alveolar epithelial micro-injury caused by environmental triggers (e.g., cigarette smoke, microaspiration of gastric content, particulate dust, viral infections or lung microbial composition) leads to alveolar damage resulting in fibrosis in genetically susceptible individuals. Numerous epidemiological studies and case reports have shown that occupational factors contribute to the risk of developing IPF. In this perspective, we briefly review the current understanding of the pathophysiology of IPF and the importance of occupational factors in the pathogenesis and prognosis of the disease. Prompt identification and elimination of occult exposure may represent a novel treatment approach in patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ranzieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia - Università di Parma .
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4
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Audureau É, Simon-Deckers A, Franco-Montoya ML, Annangi B, Kermanizadeh A, Boczkowski J, Lanone S. Substantial modification of the gene expression profile following exposure of macrophages to welding-related nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8554. [PMID: 29867105 PMCID: PMC5986907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropic nanoparticles (NP) are increasingly produced and emitted, with accompanying concerns for human health. Currently there is no global understanding as to the exact mechanistics of NP toxicity, as the traditional nanotoxicological approaches only provide a restricted overview. To address this issue, we performed an in-depth transcriptomic analysis of human macrophages exposed to a panel of welding-related metal oxide NP that we previously identified in welders lungs (Fe2O3, Fe3O4, MnFe2O4 and CrOOH NP). Utilizing the specified analysis criteria (|fold change| ≥1.5, p ≤ 0.001), a total of 2164 genes were identified to be differentially expressed after THP-1 macrophage exposure to the different NP. Performing Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, for cellular content, biological processes and Swiss-Prot/Protein Information Resource keywords the data show for the first time a profound modification of gene differential expression in response to the different NP, among which MnFe2O4 NP were the most potent to induce THP-1 macrophage activation. The transcriptomic analysis utilized in the study, provides novel insights into mechanisms that could contribute to NP-induced adverse effects and support the need for widened approaches to supplement existing knowledge of the processes underlying NP toxicity which would have not been possible using traditional nanotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Étienne Audureau
- Université Paris Est-Créteil, DHU A-TVB, IRMB- EA 7376 CEpiA (Clinical Epidemiology And Ageing Unit), Créteil, F-94010, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Service de Santé Publique, Créteil, F-94010, France
| | | | | | | | - Ali Kermanizadeh
- INSERM, U955, Equipe 4, Créteil, F-94000, France.,University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorge Boczkowski
- INSERM, U955, Equipe 4, Créteil, F-94000, France.,Université Paris Est-Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, F-94000, France.,DHU A-TVB, Service d'explorations fonctionnelles respiratoires, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - Sophie Lanone
- INSERM, U955, Equipe 4, Créteil, F-94000, France. .,Université Paris Est-Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, F-94000, France.
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Jay TR, von Saucken VE, Landreth GE. TREM2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:56. [PMID: 28768545 PMCID: PMC5541421 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TREM2 variants have been identified as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Because TREM2 encodes a receptor exclusively expressed on immune cells, identification of these variants conclusively demonstrates that the immune response can play an active role in the pathogenesis of NDDs. These TREM2 variants also confer the highest risk for developing Alzheimer's disease of any risk factor identified in nearly two decades, suggesting that understanding more about TREM2 function could provide key insights into NDD pathology and provide avenues for novel immune-related NDD biomarkers and therapeutics. The expression, signaling and function of TREM2 in NDDs have been extensively investigated in an effort to understand the role of immune function in disease pathogenesis and progression. We provide a comprehensive review of our current understanding of TREM2 biology, including new insights into the regulation of TREM2 expression, and TREM2 signaling and function across NDDs. While many open questions remain, the current body of literature provides clarity on several issues. While it is still often cited that TREM2 expression is decreased by pro-inflammatory stimuli, it is now clear that this is true in vitro, but inflammatory stimuli in vivo almost universally increase TREM2 expression. Likewise, while TREM2 function is classically described as promoting an anti-inflammatory phenotype, more than half of published studies demonstrate a pro-inflammatory role for TREM2, suggesting that its role in inflammation is much more complex. Finally, these components of TREM2 biology are applied to a discussion of how TREM2 impacts NDD pathologies and the latest assessment of how these findings might be applied to immune-directed clinical biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R. Jay
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Victoria E. von Saucken
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W 15th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Gary E. Landreth
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W 15th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
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Shoeb M, Kodali V, Farris B, Bishop LM, Meighan T, Salmen R, Eye T, Roberts JR, Zeidler-Erdely P, Erdely A, Antonini JM. Evaluation of the molecular mechanisms associated with cytotoxicity and inflammation after pulmonary exposure to different metal-rich welding particles. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:725-736. [PMID: 28660804 PMCID: PMC6324175 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1349200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Welding generates a complex aerosol of incidental nanoparticles and cytotoxic metals, such as chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe). The goal was to use both in vivo and in vitro methodologies to determine the mechanisms by which different welding fumes may damage the lungs. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated by intratracheal instillation (ITI) with 2.0 mg of gas metal arc-mild steel (GMA-MS) or manual metal arc-stainless steel (MMA-SS) fumes or saline (vehicle control). At 1, 3, and 10 days, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed to measure lung toxicity. To assess molecular mechanisms of cytotoxicity, RAW264.7 cells were exposed to both welding fumes for 24 h (0-100 μg/ml). Fume composition was different: MMA-SS (41% Fe, 29% Cr, 17% Mn, 3% Ni) versus GMA-MS (85% Fe, 14% Mn). BAL indicators of lung injury and inflammation were increased by MMA-SS at all time points and by GMA-MS at 3 and 10 days after exposure. RAW264.7 cells exposed to MMA-SS had elevated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein-HNE (P-HNE) adduct formation, activation of ERK1/2, and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) compared to GMA-MS and control. Increased generation of ROS due to MMA-SS exposure was confirmed by increased expression of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Results of in vitro studies provide evidence that stainless steel welding fume mediate inflammatory responses via activation of ROS/P-HNE/ERK1/2/Nrf2 signaling pathways. These findings were corroborated by elevated expression of COX-2, Nrf2, and HO-1 in homogenized lung tissue collected 1 day after in vivo exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shoeb
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Vamsi Kodali
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Breanne Farris
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Lindsey M Bishop
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Terence Meighan
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Rebecca Salmen
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Tracy Eye
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Jenny R Roberts
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Patti Zeidler-Erdely
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Aaron Erdely
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - James M Antonini
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
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The ordinary work environment increases symptoms from eyes and airways in mild steel welders. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2015; 88:1131-40. [PMID: 25744592 PMCID: PMC4608979 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-015-1041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to follow diary-registered symptoms from eyes and airways in mild steel welders and relate them to different exposure measures. Furthermore, we would clarify the influence of possible effect modifiers. Methods
Non-smoking welders with (N = 74) and without (N = 32) work-related symptoms the last month were enroled. Symptoms and work tasks each day for three two-week periods during 1 year were obtained. Respirable dust (RD) was measured 1 day each period for each worker. The personal daily exposure was assessed as: (1) days at work, (2) welding time and (3) estimates of RD from welding and grinding, calculated from diary entries and measurements. Results Only 9.2 % of the particle measurements exceed the Swedish occupational exposure limit (OEL; 5 mg/m3). Days at work increased the risk of symptoms studied: eyes: 1.79 (1.46–2.19), nasal: 2.16 (1.81–2.58), dry cough: 1.50 (1.23–1.82) and wheezing and/or dyspnoea: 1.27 (1.03–1.56; odds ratio, 95 % confidence interval). No clear dose–response relationships were found for the other exposure estimates. Eye symptoms increased by number of years welding. Nasal symptoms and dry cough increased having forced expiratory volume in first second below median at baseline. Wheezing and/or dyspnoea increased in winter, by number of years welding, having a negative standard skin-prick test and having a vital capacity above median at baseline. Conclusion The current Swedish OEL may not protect welders against eye and airway symptoms. The results add to the evidence that welders should be offered regular medical surveillance from early in the career.
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Park HJ, Yang MJ, Oh JH, Yang YS, Kwon MS, Song CW, Yoon S. Genome-wide transcriptional response during the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in sprague-dawley rats. Toxicol Res 2013; 26:137-47. [PMID: 24278517 PMCID: PMC3834473 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2010.26.2.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a common consequence of many lung diseases and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of pulmonary fibrosis remain poorly understood. One model used successfully to study pulmonary fibrosis over the past few decades is the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. We aimed to identify the genes associated with fibrogenesis using an Affymetrix GeneChip system in a bleomycin-induced rat model for pulmonary fibrosis. To confirm fibrosis development, several analyses were performed, including cellular evaluations using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, measurement of lactate dehydrogenase activity, and histopathological examinations. Common aspects of pulmonary fibrosis such as prolonged inflammation, immune cell infiltration, emergence of fibroblasts, and deposition of extracellular matrix and connective tissue elements were observed. Global gene expression analysis revealed significantly altered expression of genes (≥ 1.5-fold, p < 0.05.) in a time-dependent manner during the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Our results are consistent with previous results of well-documented gene expression. Interestingly, the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) , secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1) , and several proteases such as Tpsab1, Mcpt1, and Cma1 was considerably induced in the lung after bleomycin treatment, despite little evidence that they are involved in pulmonary fibrogenesis. These data will aid in our understanding of fibrogenic mechanisms and contribute to the identification of candidate biomarkers of fibrotic disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jin Park
- Division of Research and Development, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 305-343
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Transcriptional events during the recovery from MRSA lung infection: a mouse pneumonia model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70176. [PMID: 23936388 PMCID: PMC3731344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Community associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is an emerging threat to human health throughout the world. Rodent MRSA pneumonia models mainly focus on the early innate immune responses to MRSA lung infection. However, the molecular pattern and mechanisms of recovery from MRSA lung infection are largely unknown. In this study, a sublethal mouse MRSA pneumonia model was employed to investigate late events during the recovery from MRSA lung infection. We compared lung bacterial clearance, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) characterization, lung histology, lung cell proliferation, lung vascular permeability and lung gene expression profiling between days 1 and 3 post MRSA lung infection. Compared to day 1 post infection, bacterial colony counts, BALF total cell number and BALF protein concentration significantly decreased at day 3 post infection. Lung cDNA microarray analysis identified 47 significantly up-regulated and 35 down-regulated genes (p<0.01, 1.5 fold change [up and down]). The pattern of gene expression suggests that lung recovery is characterized by enhanced cell division, vascularization, wound healing and adjustment of host adaptive immune responses. Proliferation assay by PCNA staining further confirmed that at day 3 lungs have significantly higher cell proliferation than at day 1. Furthermore, at day 3 lungs displayed significantly lower levels of vascular permeability to albumin, compared to day 1. Collectively, this data helps us elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the recovery after MRSA lung infection.
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Mechanical ventilation injury and repair in extremely and very preterm lungs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63905. [PMID: 23704953 PMCID: PMC3660361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extremely preterm infants often receive mechanical ventilation (MV), which can contribute to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, the effects of MV alone on the extremely preterm lung and the lung’s capacity for repair are poorly understood. Aim To characterise lung injury induced by MV alone, and mechanisms of injury and repair, in extremely preterm lungs and to compare them with very preterm lungs. Methods Extremely preterm lambs (0.75 of term) were transiently exposed by hysterotomy and underwent 2 h of injurious MV. Lungs were collected 24 h and at 15 d after MV. Immunohistochemistry and morphometry were used to characterise injury and repair processes. qRT-PCR was performed on extremely and very preterm (0.85 of term) lungs 24 h after MV to assess molecular injury and repair responses. Results 24 h after MV at 0.75 of term, lung parenchyma and bronchioles were severely injured; tissue space and myofibroblast density were increased, collagen and elastin fibres were deformed and secondary crest density was reduced. Bronchioles contained debris and their epithelium was injured and thickened. 24 h after MV at 0.75 and 0.85 of term, mRNA expression of potential mediators of lung repair were significantly increased. By 15 days after MV, most lung injury had resolved without treatment. Conclusions Extremely immature lungs, particularly bronchioles, are severely injured by 2 h of MV. In the absence of continued ventilation these injured lungs are capable of repair. At 24 h after MV, genes associated with injurious MV are unaltered, while potential repair genes are activated in both extremely and very preterm lungs.
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Zeidler-Erdely PC, Erdely A, Antonini JM. Immunotoxicology of arc welding fume: worker and experimental animal studies. J Immunotoxicol 2012; 9:411-25. [PMID: 22734811 PMCID: PMC4696487 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2011.652783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Arc welding processes generate complex aerosols composed of potentially hazardous metal fumes and gases. Millions of workers worldwide are exposed to welding aerosols daily. A health effect of welding that is of concern to the occupational health community is the development of immune system dysfunction. Increased severity, frequency, and duration of upper and lower respiratory tract infections have been reported among welders. Specifically, multiple studies have observed an excess mortality from pneumonia in welders and workers exposed to metal fumes. Although several welder cohort and experimental animal studies investigating the adverse effects of welding fume exposure on immune function have been performed, the potential mechanisms responsible for these effects are limited. The objective of this report was to review both human and animal studies that have examined the effect of welding fume pulmonary exposure on local and systemic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patti C Zeidler-Erdely
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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Oh JH, Yang MJ, Heo JD, Yang YS, Park HJ, Park SM, Kwon MS, Song CW, Yoon S, Yu IJ. Inflammatory response in rat lungs with recurrent exposure to welding fumes. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:203-15. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233711410906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
As chronic exposure to welding fumes causes pulmonary diseases, such as pneumoconiosis, public concern has increased regarding continued exposure to these hazardous gases in the workplace. In a previous study, the inflammatory response to welding fume exposure was analysed in rat lungs in the case of recurrent exposure and recovery periods. Thus using lung samples, well-annotated by histological observation and biochemical analysis, this study examines the gene expression profiles to identify phenotype-anchored genes corresponding to lung inflammation and the repair phenomenon after recurrent welding fume exposure. Seven genes ( Mmp12, Cd5l, LOC50101, LOC69183, Spp1, and Slc26a4) were found to be significantly up-regulated according to the severity of the lung injury. In addition, the transcription and translation of Trem2, which was up-regulated in response to the repair process, were validated using a real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The differentially expressed genes in the exposure and recovery groups were also classified using k-means and hierarchical clustering, plus their toxicological function and canonical pathways were further analysed using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis Software. As a result, this comprehensive and integrative analysis of the transcriptional changes that occur during repeated exposure provides important information on the inflammation and repair processes after welding-fume-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwa Oh
- Division of Research and Development, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Yang
- Division of Inhalation Toxicology, KIT Jeongeup Campus, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Doo Heo
- Division of Inhalation Toxicology, KIT Jeongeup Campus, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Yang
- Division of Inhalation Toxicology, KIT Jeongeup Campus, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jin Park
- Division of Research and Development, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Myo Park
- Division of Research and Development, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sang Kwon
- Division of Research and Development, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Song
- Division of Inhalation Toxicology, KIT Jeongeup Campus, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjoo Yoon
- Division of Research and Development, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Yu
- Toxicological Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
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Gene expression profiling in the lung tissue of cynomolgus monkeys in response to repeated exposure to welding fumes. Arch Toxicol 2011; 84:191-203. [PMID: 19936710 PMCID: PMC2820669 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-009-0486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Many in the welding industry suffer from bronchitis, lung function changes, metal fume fever, and diseases related to respiratory damage. These phenomena are associated with welding fumes; however, the mechanism behind these findings remains to be elucidated. In this study, the lungs of cynomolgus monkeys were exposed to MMA-SS welding fumes for 229 days and allowed to recover for 153 days. After the exposure and recovery period, gene expression profiles were investigated using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human U133 plus 2.0. In total, it was confirmed that 1,116 genes were up-or downregulated (over 2-fold changes, P\0.01) for the T1 (31.4 ± 2.8 mg/m3) and T2 (62.5 ± 2.7 mg/m3) dose groups. Differentially expressed genes in the exposure and recovery groups were analyzed, based on hierarchical clustering, and were imported into Ingenuity Pathways Analysis to analyze the biological and toxicological functions. Functional analysis identified genes involved in immunological disease in both groups. Additionally, differentially expressed genes in common between monkeys and rats following welding fume exposure were compared using microarray data, and the gene expression of selected genes was verified by real-time PCR. Genes such as CHI3L1, RARRES1, and CTSB were up-regulated and genes such as CYP26B1, ID4, and NRGN were down-regulated in both monkeys and rats following welding fume exposure. This is the first comprehensive gene expression profiling conducted for welding fume exposure in monkeys, and these expressed genes are expected to be useful in helping to understand transcriptional changes in monkey lungs after welding fume exposure.
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Jönsson LS, Nielsen J, Broberg K. Gene expression analysis in induced sputum from welders with and without airway-related symptoms. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2010; 84:105-13. [PMID: 20862590 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-010-0579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify changes in gene expression in the airways among welders, with and without lower airway symptoms, working in black steel. METHODS Included were 25 male, non-smoking welders. Each welder was sampled twice; before exposure (after vacation), and after 1 month of exposure. From the welders (14 symptomatic, of whom 7 had asthma-like symptoms), RNA from induced sputum was obtained for gene expression analysis. Messenger RNA from a subset of the samples (n = 7) was analysed with microarray technology to identify genes of interest. These genes were further analysed using quantitative PCR (qPCR; n = 22). RESULTS By comparing samples before and after exposure, the microarray analysis resulted in several functional annotation clusters: the one with the highest enrichment score contained "response to wounding", "inflammatory response" and "defence response". Seven genes were analysed by qPCR: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R), superoxide dismutase 2, interleukin 8, glutathione S-transferase pi 1, tumour necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 6 (TNFAIP6), interleukin 1 receptor type II and matrix metallopeptidase 25 (MMP25). Increased levels of CSF3R, TNFAIP6 and MMP25 were indicated among asthmatic subjects compared to non-symptomatic subjects, although the differences did not reach significance. CONCLUSIONS Workers' exposure to welding fumes changed gene expression in the lower airways in genes involved in inflammatory and defence response. Thus, microarray and qPCR technique can demonstrate markers of exposure to welding fumes and possible disease-related markers. However, further studies are needed to verify genes involved and to further characterise the mechanism for welding fumes-associated lower airway symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena S Jönsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
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Zeidler-Erdely PC, Kashon ML, Li S, Antonini JM. Response of the mouse lung transcriptome to welding fume: effects of stainless and mild steel fumes on lung gene expression in A/J and C57BL/6J mice. Respir Res 2010; 11:70. [PMID: 20525249 PMCID: PMC2892448 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Debate exists as to whether welding fume is carcinogenic, but epidemiological evidence suggests that welders are an at risk population for the development of lung cancer. Recently, we found that exposure to welding fume caused an acutely greater and prolonged lung inflammatory response in lung tumor susceptible A/J versus resistant C57BL/6J (B6) mice and a trend for increased tumor incidence after stainless steel (SS) fume exposure. Here, our objective was to examine potential strain-dependent differences in the regulation and resolution of the lung inflammatory response induced by carcinogenic (Cr and Ni abundant) or non-carcinogenic (iron abundant) metal-containing welding fumes at the transcriptome level. Methods Mice were exposed four times by pharyngeal aspiration to 5 mg/kg iron abundant gas metal arc-mild steel (GMA-MS), Cr and Ni abundant GMA-SS fume or vehicle and were euthanized 4 and 16 weeks after the last exposure. Whole lung microarray using Illumina Mouse Ref-8 expression beadchips was done. Results Overall, we found that tumor susceptibility was associated with a more marked transcriptional response to both GMA-MS and -SS welding fumes. Also, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that gene regulation and expression in the top molecular networks differed between the strains at both time points post-exposure. Interestingly, a common finding between the strains was that GMA-MS fume exposure altered behavioral gene networks. In contrast, GMA-SS fume exposure chronically upregulated chemotactic and immunomodulatory genes such as CCL3, CCL4, CXCL2, and MMP12 in the A/J strain. In the GMA-SS-exposed B6 mouse, genes that initially downregulated cellular movement, hematological system development/function and immune response were involved at both time points post-exposure. However, at 16 weeks, a transcriptional switch to an upregulation for neutrophil chemotactic genes was found and included genes such as S100A8, S100A9 and MMP9. Conclusions Collectively, our results demonstrate that lung tumor susceptibility may predispose the A/J strain to a prolonged dysregulation of immunomodulatory genes, thereby delaying the recovery from welding fume-induced lung inflammation. Additionally, our results provide unique insight into strain- and welding fume-dependent genetic factors involved in the lung response to welding fume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patti C Zeidler-Erdely
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown 26505, USA.
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Oh JH, Yoon HJ, Lim JS, Park HJ, Cho JW, Kwon MS, Yoon S. Analysis of Gene Expression in 4,4'-Methylenedianiline-induced Acute Hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Res 2009; 25:85-92. [PMID: 32038824 PMCID: PMC7006339 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2009.25.2.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
4,4′-Methylenedianiline (MDA) is an aromatic amine that is widely used in the industrial synthetic process. Genotoxic MDA forms DNA adducts in the liver and is known to induce liver damage in human and rats. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with MDA-induced hepatotoxicity, we have identified genes differentially expressed by microarray approach. BALB/c male mice were treated once daily with MDA (20 mg/kg) up to 7 days via intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) and hepatic damages were revealed by histopathological observation and elevation of serum marker enzymes such as AST, ALT, ALP, cholesterol, DBIL, and TBIL. Microarray analysis showed that 952 genes were differentially expressed in the liver of MDA-treated mice and their biological functions and canonical pathways were further analyzed using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA). Toxicological functional analysis showed that genes related to hepatotoxicity such hyperplasia/hyperproliferation (Timpl), necrosis/cell death (Cd14, Mt1f, Timpl, and Pmaipl), hemorrhaging (Mt1f), cholestasis (Akr1c3, Hpx, and Slc10a2), and inflammation (Cd14 and Hpx) were differentially expressed in MDA-treated group. This gene expression profiling should be useful for elucidating the genetic events associated with aromatic amine-induced hepatotoxicity and for discovering the potential biomarkers for hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwa Oh
- 14Toxicogenomics Team, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 19 Shinsung-ro, Yuseoung, Daejeon, 305-343 Korea
| | - Hea-Jin Yoon
- 14Toxicogenomics Team, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 19 Shinsung-ro, Yuseoung, Daejeon, 305-343 Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Lim
- 14Toxicogenomics Team, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 19 Shinsung-ro, Yuseoung, Daejeon, 305-343 Korea
| | - Han-Jin Park
- 14Toxicogenomics Team, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 19 Shinsung-ro, Yuseoung, Daejeon, 305-343 Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Cho
- 24Clinical Pathology Team, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 19 Shinsung-ro, Yuseoung, Daejeon, 305-343 Korea
| | - Myung-Sang Kwon
- 34Korea Institute of Toxicology, 19 Shinsung-ro, Yuseoung, Daejeon, 305-343 Korea.,44School of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701 Korea
| | - Seokjoo Yoon
- 14Toxicogenomics Team, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 19 Shinsung-ro, Yuseoung, Daejeon, 305-343 Korea
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